Kim Lewers USDA-Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Maryland

Kim Lewers, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Beltsville, Maryland

‘Earliglow’ ‘Flavorfest’ Plasticulture ‘Allstar’ ‘Ovation’

‘Earliglow’ ‘Flavorfest’ Anthracnose-resistant ‘Allstar’ ‘Ovation’

• Plugs are made from end of June to 4 July. • Plugs are planted in the field the first half of August. • The field is fertigated with ~12 lbs/A of nitrogen after one week, every week to 3 rd week of September, to a total of ~75 lbs/A. • The beds are covered with straw mid-December to mid March.

Influence of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium on the Severity of Strawberry Anthracnose Crown Rot B. J. Smith United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Southern Horticultural Laboratory, Small Fruit Research Unit Poplarville, MS 39470 USA Seven (7) nitrogen sources at three (3) rates: • Higher N rates led to more anthracnose. • Among plants getting higher N rates, those treated with Ca(NO 3)2 were the most disease tolerant. • Plants treated with nitrate nitrogen sources, including NH 4 NO 3, had less severe anthracnose symptoms than plants receiving nitrogen from other ammonium sources. Take-home: Nitrate forms mean less anthracnose than ammonium forms.

• Frost protection is a combination of misters at 34 F and Rainbirds at 32. 1 F. • The field is fertigated with ~5 lbs/A of nitrogen per week in April, to between 20 -30 lbs/A. • Plots are harvested twice weekly from mid-May through mid -June. • Rotation is ‘Essex’ rape - strawberry – corn or sudex – soybeans, with rye-vetch winter covers.

‘Earliglow’ 18, 000 16, 000 14, 000 12, 000 10, 000 8, 000 6, 000 4, 000 2, 000 0 ‘Flavorfest’ 2011 Weekly Harvest at Beltsville MD (Lbs/A) Earliglow Flavorfest Chandler Allstar Ovation 12 May ‘Allstar’ 16, 19 May 23, 26 May 31 May, 2 June 6, 9 June ‘Ovation’

USDA-ARS Strawberry replicated evaluation data, 2012. Annual plasticulture production system. Genotype Total yield Lbs/A Post-harvest yield (Lbs/A) Marketable yield % Lbs/A 1 wk 2 wks Berry size (g/berry) Large Average B 1702 57, 795 a 56 32, 298 abcd 25, 595 10, 563 41 18 B 1788 44, 979 b 86 38, 672 a 31, 044 17, 917 31 16 B 1753 44, 349 bc 69 30, 433 abcde 23, 744 15, 718 44 20 B 1463 L 43, 762 bcd 86 37, 446 ab 32, 728 22, 261 28 13 B 1754 42, 247 bcde 80 33, 889 abc 24, 680 14, 182 49 20 Flavorfest 41, 747 bcde 82 34, 382 abc 30, 328 13, 461 49 21 B 1463 40, 080 bcdef 84 33, 838 abc 29, 467 20, 303 30 14 B 1458 40, 025 bcdef 85 33, 824 abc 27, 934 14, 977 36 20 Eros 38, 422 bcdef 71 27, 216 cdefgh 21, 575 15, 794 41 21 B 1915 36, 912 cdefg 93 34, 329 abc 31, 767 24, 252 36 16 B 1580 36, 062 defg 88 31, 556 abcde 28, 275 19, 215 40 16 B 2079 35, 820 efgh 85 30, 323 abcde 26, 361 13, 714 32 16 Allstar 33, 149 fghi 81 26, 996 cdefgh 24, 716 17, 397 34 16 Average 33, 036 81 26, 890 22, 634 14, 444 B 1818 30, 631 ghij 87 26, 633 cdefghi 20, 464 15, 498 53 24 B 1610 30, 569 ghij 87 26, 500 cdefghi 21, 897 14, 059 65 21 Northeaster 30, 265 ghij 94 28, 335 cdefg 26, 591 16, 892 42 13 B 1828 29, 645 ghijk 86 25, 353 defghij 18, 427 10, 586 54 24 B 1384 28, 205 hijk 82 23, 254 efghijk 16, 319 2, 448 34 18 B 1806 27, 025 ijkl 75 20, 332 ghijk 16, 826 12, 920 37 16 B 1805 26, 917 ijkl 79 21, 168 ghijk 20, 481 17, 594 40 17 B 1820 24, 311 jkl 81 19, 697 hijkl 15, 918 10, 650 40 17 Ovation 24, 189 jkl 90 21, 874 fghijk 21, 292 18, 267 40 16 B 2068 22, 083 klm 92 20, 207 ghijk 18, 834 15, 204 45 20 B 1690 21, 935 klm 81 17, 692 jkl 13, 502 10, 150 43 15 Earliglow 20, 307 lm 90 18, 356 ijkl 16, 800 13, 923 23 10 B 1590 20, 200 lm 81 16, 275 kl 12, 917 9, 903 57 21 B 2066 16, 001 m 75 12, 031 l 9, 692 6, 082 27 13 Total yield at 17, 000 plants/A 17 Marketable yield is calculated by harvesting the good fruit and rotten fruit into two buckets and weighing them separately. Postharvest yield measured at 1 and 2 weeks

‘Earliglow’ 45, 000 ‘Flavorfest’ Total strawberry yields at Beltsville MD lb/A 17, 000 plants/A 40, 000 35, 000 30, 000 Earliglow 25, 000 Flavorfest 20, 000 Chandler 15, 000 Allstar Ovation 10, 000 5, 000 0 2005 2006 ‘Allstar’ 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ‘Ovation’ 2013

70, 000 Strawberry yields from the USDA-ARS Lbs/A (17, 000 plants/A) 60, 000 Beltsville breeding program 50, 000 40, 000 30, 000 High yield Average yield Low yield 20, 000 10, 000 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

USDA-ARS Strawberry replicated evaluation data, 2012. Annual plasticulture production system. Genotype Total yield Lbs/A Post-harvest yield (Lbs/A) Marketable yield % Lbs/A 1 wk 2 wks Berry size (g/berry) Large Average B 1702 57, 795 a 56 32, 298 abcd 25, 595 10, 563 41 18 B 1788 44, 979 b 86 38, 672 a 31, 044 17, 917 31 16 B 1753 44, 349 bc 69 30, 433 abcde 23, 744 15, 718 44 20 B 1463 L 43, 762 bcd 86 37, 446 ab 32, 728 22, 261 28 13 B 1754 42, 247 bcde 80 33, 889 abc 24, 680 14, 182 49 20 Flavorfest 41, 747 bcde 82 34, 382 abc 30, 328 13, 461 49 21 B 1463 40, 080 bcdef 84 33, 838 abc 29, 467 20, 303 30 14 B 1458 40, 025 bcdef 85 33, 824 abc 27, 934 14, 977 36 20 Eros 38, 422 bcdef 71 27, 216 cdefgh 21, 575 15, 794 41 21 B 1915 36, 912 cdefg 93 34, 329 abc 31, 767 24, 252 36 16 B 1580 36, 062 defg 88 31, 556 abcde 28, 275 19, 215 40 16 B 2079 35, 820 efgh 85 30, 323 abcde 26, 361 13, 714 32 16 Allstar 33, 149 fghi 81 26, 996 cdefgh 24, 716 17, 397 34 16 Average 33, 036 81 26, 890 22, 634 14, 444 B 1818 30, 631 ghij 87 26, 633 cdefghi 20, 464 15, 498 53 24 B 1610 30, 569 ghij 87 26, 500 cdefghi 21, 897 14, 059 65 21 Northeaster 30, 265 ghij 94 28, 335 cdefg 26, 591 16, 892 42 13 B 1828 29, 645 ghijk 86 25, 353 defghij 18, 427 10, 586 54 24 B 1384 28, 205 hijk 82 23, 254 efghijk 16, 319 2, 448 34 18 B 1806 27, 025 ijkl 75 20, 332 ghijk 16, 826 12, 920 37 16 B 1805 26, 917 ijkl 79 21, 168 ghijk 20, 481 17, 594 40 17 B 1820 24, 311 jkl 81 19, 697 hijkl 15, 918 10, 650 40 17 Ovation 24, 189 jkl 90 21, 874 fghijk 21, 292 18, 267 40 16 B 2068 22, 083 klm 92 20, 207 ghijk 18, 834 15, 204 45 20 B 1690 21, 935 klm 81 17, 692 jkl 13, 502 10, 150 43 15 Earliglow 20, 307 lm 90 18, 356 ijkl 16, 800 13, 923 23 10 B 1590 20, 200 lm 81 16, 275 kl 12, 917 9, 903 57 21 B 2066 16, 001 m 75 12, 031 l 9, 692 6, 082 27 13 The average berry size for each harvest was recorded. 17 Average berry size is the average of all those averages. Large berry size is the largest of those averages.

‘Earliglow’ 40 ‘Flavorfest’ Berry size (g/berry) Averaged from 2005 -2013 35 30 25 20 Large 15 Average 10 5 0 Earliglow Flavorfest Chandler ‘Allstar’ Allstar Ovation Average ‘Ovation’

2 weeks postharvest

Multi-year averages of subjective ratings from plasticulture-grown fruit Variety App Earliglow 7. 1 7. 4 7. 6 Flavorfest 7. 5 7. 0 7. 6 Allstar 7. 2 7. 1 Ovation 7. 7 7. 4 1 -9 scale: Sym Firm Tough CS 8. 0= Going to the State Fair! 7. 5= Call my neighbor! 7. 0= Looking Good! 6. 5= Better watch this 6. 0= Call my extension agent CF Flavor 7. 2 7. 8 7. 9 7. 3 7. 8 7. 3 7. 6 7. 7 7. 8 7. 0 6. 9 7. 2 7. 5 7. 1 7. 6 7. 3

‘Earliglow’ ‘Flavorfest’ ‘Allstar’ ‘Ovation’

‘Flavorfest’

‘Flavorfest’ • Great flavor • Large firm berries – up to 49 g • High yield – up to 41, 747 lb/A • Low field rot • Anthracnose resistant – C. a. • Red stele resistant – Race 3 • Plasticulture or matted row establishes well

2004 matted row yield lbs/A ‘Earliglow’ 16, 485 ‘Flavorfest 16, 390 ‘Allstar’ 14, 232

‘Flavorfest’

‘Flavorfest’ To buy plants contact your favorite nursery or e-mail Kim. Lewers@ ARS. USDA. gov

‘Earliglow’ ‘Flavorfest’ Not-patented ‘Allstar’ ‘Ovation’