Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Building a local program to maintain your stormwater practices and prevent pollution from your municipal operations Presented By: Tom Schueler Center for Watershed Protection Nikos Singelis U. S. EPA Special thanks to J. Zielinski, M. Novotney, D. Hirschman, J. Kosco, S. Sanghavi and Ablemarle County, VA
Webcast Outline 4 Introduction and Polling Questions 4 Post Construction Stormwater Maintenance < Top Ten Maintenance Headaches < Scoping a Local Maintenance Program < Ten Tips for Building an Effective Maintenance Program 4 Pollution Prevention for Municipal Maintenance Operations < Municipal Operations Analysis
Maintenance can be depressing
25% Mainten BUDGET nce BMPs Vegetation management SEDIMENT CLEANOUTS WAYS TO REDUCE YOUR MAINTENANCE BURDEN in 6 WEEKS LID
Maintenance Improves Water Quality
Maintenance Headaches 4 These are the reasons why it is important to have a maintenance program
1. Sediment Toxicity Sediments can be toxic…
2. Trash and Debris
3. Mosquitoes & West Nile I just love them BMPs!
4. Unruly Vegetation There used to be a BMP in here somewhere…
5. Access Denied NO ACCESS Maintain this! I can’t even get down there!
6. Bankrupt Homeowners What do you mean we’ve got to maintain it?
7. No Local Staff Who’s gonna do all this work? Local Stormwater Manager TO DO: ins Clean Catch Bas Sweep Streets Inspect BMPs Maintain BMPs s Restore Stream
8. Tiny On-Lot BMPs Stormwater BMPs Look at those tiny BMPs
9. Missing BMPs That pond’s got to be around here somewhere. . . I thought this was supposed to be a sand filter
10. BMPs That Make the News
Maintenance Scoping Questions 4 How many BMPs do you expect? 4 Where will they be located? 4 Public vs. private maintenance? 4 Extent & level of service provided? 4 How frequently to inspect? 4 How many existing BMPs already? 4 Legal mechanisms to enforce it?
Poll Question 4 Who has the primary maintenance responsibility in your community? (A) Haven’t figured it out yet. (B) Private landowner or homeowner association (C) Public sector or local government (D) Hybrid of private and public sector (E) Outsourced to Indian subcontinent
Poll Question 6: Which shocking statements are not supported in a survey of Phase II communities? (A) 50% lack a maintenance program (B) 40% do not know where their BMPs are located (C) 58% lack legally binding maintenance agreements (D) Most are doing “pretty good” (E) 77% report they inspect BMPs during construction Source: CWP, 2006: Survey of Post Construction Programs and Practices in 94 MS 4 Communities
The Life Cycle Approach to Stormwater Maintenance Plan Review
Unified View of Stormwater Infrastructure BMPs Conveyance Green Infrastructure Black Infrastructure
Level of Service: • Complaint-Driven/Political • Schedule • Inspection Reports • Routine (mowing) vs. Corrective (fixing pipes)
Budgeting for Maintenance Local Program 4 4 4 4 Address Extent & Level of Service In-House vs. Contracted Services Staff Equipment Administration Tracking/GIS Other
Building a Better Stormwater Maintenance Program Most local programs exist on a shoestring but some very small early investments can yield major reductions in long-term maintenance costs for the community as a whole Here are ten tips that have worked in small communities
1. Reduce Maintenance Burden Before Construction 4 Reduce maintenance headaches with tough design standards…if you don’t ask for it, you won’t get it! 4 Thorough plan review ensures design standards are properly implemented 4 Review the plan as if you were the maintenance crews 4 Get standards off the books and onto site plans Good examples of BMP design standards to reduce maintenance burden Can be found in Resource 1
Plan Review Checklist ü Pretreatment ü Access ü Landscaping Plan Updated BMP Plan Review Checklists can be found in Resource 2
Make Sure it’s the Right BMP for the Site
Don’t Design for Costly Sediment Removal
Make sediment removal operations quick, easy and cheap
No access – No Mow - No Maintenance Still ain’t good
Side-slope control and access roads That’s better…
What will the vegetation look like in 10 years? Still looking for that BMP…
Long-term landscaping plan essential There it is…
These Maintenance Guidance Documents Can be Found in Resource X
2. Get Ironclad Easements 4 Access Easements 4 Drainage Easements (conveyance) Decisions: 4 Dedicated to Public? 4 Deeds?
3. Tough Construction Inspections Before Acceptance Updated Construction Inspection Checklists can be found in Resource 3
4. Use Maintenance Agreements & Bonds 4 Agreements in property deed 4 Construction Bond 4 Maintenance Bond? 4 Maintenance Plan based on type of BMP Model Maintenance Agreements and Performance Bond Estimator in Resource 4
5. Routine Inspections Annual Inspection Frequency Detailed Checklists Third party inspections Measure where possible Issue direct work orders for problem BMPs 4 1 FTE: 250 to 500 BMPs 4 4 4 Model Maintenance Inspection Forms Can be Found in Resource 5
6. Enforcement and Corrective Actions 4 Education first 4 Stages of Enforcement 4 When/How to pursue corrective actions 4 Remedies to Collect Enforcement Tools Can be Found in Resource X
7. Synchronize field and office data
8. BMP Tracking & Documentation 4 GIS-Based System to store photos and inspection reports 4 Basis for required MS 4 reporting 4 Database/spreadsheet records No. of Inspections No. of BMPs Maintained No. of Violation Notices No. of Corrective Actions Common Maintenance Problems.
Tracking to Manage Stormwater Assets Cyclical Inspections GIS Updates Maintenance Remediation Condition Assessment Inventory Work Plan Budget $ System Maintenance Condition Monitoring
database (full size)
9. BMP Maintenance Triage System Condition 2: Major Repair/Functional Enhancement Condition 3: Notify Owner to Perform Routine Maintenance
Triage Condition 1: Reconstructive BMP Surgery 4 Failed infiltration basin to Wet Swale 4 Failed infiltration basin to Extended Detention with Micro-pools
10. Track Functional Performance of Stormwater BMPs 4 By 2010, maintain functional adequacy of Stormwater facilities at 90%. YEAR Functioning as Designed Major Maintenance Repair Retrofit Design / Functional Enhancement TOTAL 2002 688 264 101 1053 2003 739 251 63 1053 2004 857 224 135 1216 2005 877 323 128 1328 2006
11. Educate and Involve the Maintainers 4 Adopt-A-Pond 4 Volunteer Clean-Ups 4 Publications, Mailings Adopt-a-Pond Guidance Can be Found in Resource 6
12. Co-Inspections 4 Owner interaction < notification of program reinstatement < “owner’s manual” (shown) < invited to accompany inspections < workshops < provide maintenance plans
20 MUNICIPAL HOTSPOTS You can Inspect! SWEEP THE STREETS STORM DRAIN CLEANOUTS • Winter sanding • Roadside spraying • Pollution hotlines Employee training
Municipal Operations Analysis 4 Do a quick eight step checkup to review how well your ongoing municipal operations are aligned with stormwater quality
Municipal Operations Road Maintenance Utility repair and replacement Storm System Maintenance Landscaping Vehicle Maintenance Buildings/facilities MS 4 Sanitary Sewer
1. Street Sweeping for Water Quality 4 We sweep a lot, but not very wisely 4 Over 13 million spent on sweeping in CB Basin alone 4 Get WQ improvement by targeting < Focus on the dirtiest streets < Select most effective sweepers < Determine optimal sweeping routes and schedules
Poll Question 8 What is the least frequently cited reason why communities sweep their streets? (A) Aesthetics (B) Public complaints (C) Keep storm drains clear (D) Street safety (E) Improve water quality Source: Law, 2006: Survey of Chesapeake Bay Street Sweeping/Storm drain cleanout practice
Percentage of communities that report sweeping some streets more frequently than 1 x/yr 2 x/year (14%) Other (26%) Monthly (20%) Daily (14%) Weekly (17%) 2 x/month (9%)
CWP Street Sweeping Research Project Due out in 2007
2. Targeted Catch Basin Cleanouts 4 No two catch basins are the same 4 Measure pollutant accumulation using SSD and GPS the system 4 Train crews to understand stormwater quality and find illicit discharges 4 Target problem catch basins for intensive cleaning (2 to 4 X/year)
Storm Drain Inlet Conditions The Good The Bad The Ugly
Review of Catch Basin Studies 4 Only a handful of studies monitored the pollutant reduction and the optimal frequencies for cleanouts at a catchment scale. 4 Cleanouts may reduce pollutants by 5 to 25% depending on catchment conditions, cleaning frequency and type of pollutant. 4 Pollutant removal capability of catchbasins is constrained by their design Law, 2006: Literature Review of Pollutant Removal Performance of Street Sweeping/Catch Basin Cleanouts
3. Inspect Every Municipal Hotspot 4 Fleet storage/maintenance 4 School bus depots 4 Landfills/solid waste facilities 4 Public works yards 4 Municipal parking lots 4 Maintenance depots 4 Wastewater treatment plants 4 Aviation facilities
Physician, heal thyself
Poll Question 9: A stormwater hotspot is defined as: (A) An activity that increases water temperature in streams (B) The point in a channel with maximum runoff velocity (C) A watering hole for stormwater geeks (D) An operation or activity that generates higher concentrations of stormwater pollutants and/or presents a high risk of spills, leaks or illicit discharges.
Hotspot Site Investigation See SWRM Manuals 8 and 11 4 Vehicle Operations 4 Outdoor Material 4 Waste Management 4 Physical Plant 4 Turf / Landscaping Areas 4 Unique Operations
These Two Manuals are indispensible and can be ordered from www. cwp. org
What Works at Municipal Hotspots? Pollution Prevention Plans that. . . < Involve and list all responsible departments < Focus on specific activities and include achievable BMPs < Focus on maintenance of controls < Address pollutants of concern < Consider seasonal variations < Change often < Reflect staff input and ideas
4. Link Road Maintenance to WQ 4 Review current sanding/salting practices 4 Check pesticide application in road right of way 4 Change truck washout procedures 4 Keep sawcut slurry out of storm drain 4 Road crew training
Don’t Forget Other Infrastructure DOT Sewer Utility
5. Landscaping and Recreational Practices 4 Survey parks, public golf courses, sports fields and waterfront/greenways to: < Minimize Use of Fertilizer/Pesticide < Manage Landscape Waste < Use Native Vegetation < Prevent Municipal Swimming Pool Discharge < Manage Trash and Pet Wastes
6. New Public Construction • Exceed the minimum required for the private sector • Demonstrate innovative stormwater practices • Utilize projects for stormwater education
7. Employee & Contractor Training 4 Don’t show this slide
Training for Municipal Staff • Provide general and activity specific training • General awareness training for all city employees (impact on water quality, illicit discharge identification and response, etc. ) • Regular and targeted training for employees based on the activities they perform • Provide materials for easy, frequent refreshers
Training for Municipal Staff • Teach employees that their actions have an impact on water quality and they are examples for the community • Link your employee training with your public education message • Create recognizable links between pollutants of concern and uses they enjoy/value
Training for Municipal Staff • Additional Forms of Training < New employee orientation < Paychecks or other routinely distributed materials < Signage in the workplace and a place/number to report issues < Frequent tailgate sessions
8. Pollution Hotline and Response Single phone number or website where citizens can easily report illicit discharges and pollution concerns 4 Cross-trained staff 4 Response within 24 hours 4 Watershed addressing
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