Key Stage 4 Media Radio Project © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project UNIT CONTENTS • Introduction • Programme Content • Creating your Programme Slides 3 - 16 Slides 17 - 39 Slides 40 - 50 © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction CONTENTS • • Introduction Radio and the Media Radio Stations Target Audience The DJ The Play List Programme Content Slide 4 Slides 5 - 6 Slides 7 - 9 Slides 10 - 11 Slides 12 - 13 Slide 14 Slides 15 - 16 © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction In this unit you will be studying the radio as a form of media. You will look at different radio stations, how radio programmes are created, and what goes into them. You will also create a radio show of your own. Before you can plan and tape your own radio programme, you will need to understand some more about how these programmes are created. You will be learning about: • Target audience. • The role of the D. J. • The ‘Play List’. • Creating news bulletins, advertisements and interviews. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction Radio and the Media Radio is very different from other forms of media, such as television, cinema or magazines. Write down your ideas about how it is different on the brainstorm below. Radio and the Media © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction Radio and the Media Here are some of the ideas that you might have written. You cannot see the presenters, only hear them It incorporates a variety of media, such as adverts and music. You hear rather than see it Radio and the Media Listeners can often contribute directly, e. g. on ‘phone ins’. You can do other things while listening to it It is relatively cheap to produce, compared to television or cinema. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction Radio Stations There are lots of different radio stations available for us to listen to. • ‘National’ radio stations are available throughout the U. K. An example of a national station is Radio One, run by the BBC. • ‘Regional’ or ‘local’ stations serve a specific community and cannot be picked up outside a particular area. An example of a local station is ‘Capital Radio’ in London. • ‘Pirate’ radio stations are generally run by individuals, who set up their equipment without a licence, and are therefore working illegally. One of the first ‘pirate’ radio stations was ‘Radio Caroline’. This station was run offshore, from a ship. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction Radio Stations Radio stations fall into two categories, depending on whether they are run for profit, or as part of a public service (i. e. the BBC). • ‘Public Service’ radio stations are funded through the television licence fee. They are designed to serve the wider community and do not make a profit. Because of this, they do not need to broadcast advertisements. • ‘Commercial’ radio stations are intended to make a profit. They broadcast advertisements and will sometimes run competitions where listeners can win large sums of money. They need to attract large numbers of listeners so that advertisers will want to run their adverts on that particular station. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction Radio Stations What are your favourite radio stations? Write the names on the brainstorm below. Favourite Radio Stations © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction Target Audience As with any form of media, radio stations and the programmes on them aim to attract or appeal to a specific target audience. Their target audience might be: • A specific age of listener, e. g. teenagers and young adults, or pensioners and the over 50’s. • A particular part of the community, e. g. Black or Asian people. • People from a particular ‘family type’, e. g. mothers with young children, single people. • People who like a specific type of music, e. g. R&B, Jazz, easy listening. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction Target Audience When you create your own radio show, you will need to think carefully about what your target audience is going to be. The target audience you aim to appeal to will have an impact on: • The type of music you play. • The advertisements that you run. • The competitions that you create. • The type and amount of news and sports coverage. • The style that you or your D. J. uses to perform. • The people whom you might choose to interview. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction The D. J. Presenters on the radio are often known as ‘D. J. s’. The Disc Jockey, or D. J. , is the person who presents the radio programme, introducing the music tracks, interviewing any guests, and so on. Many radio stations now use two D. J. s, particularly to present their morning shows. Often, the two presenters will have contrasting styles, or may be male and female, giving them a wider appeal to different listeners. Although nowadays radio stations use CDs to play their music, we can still see the original type of D. J. on the club scene, where ‘mixing’ LPs has become an art form. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction The D. J. s use many different styles, and before you create your own programme you will need to decide what style you are going to adopt. Here are some aspects of style for you to think about: • Are you going to talk a lot, or simply introduce the music tracks? • Are you going to have a cool, calm persona, or a more lively and enthusiastic one? • Will you work with a partner whose style contrasts well with yours? • What target audience is your style designed to appeal to? © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction The Play List is a list of tracks which a radio station will be playing at any one time. Some stations have a limited range of tracks that they play, mostly those songs that are currently in the charts. Other stations play a wider variety of music, some current, and some from previous decades. For a band trying to sell their current single, getting on the Play List of a top radio station can be crucial. It is usually very difficult for an unknown band to get ‘air time’. When you are creating the Play List for your own radio show, you will need to decide whether to include one style of music, or a mixture. Again, bear your target audience in mind. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction Programme Content In the next part of this unit, we will be looking at what you might include in your own radio programme. Here are some ideas for you to be thinking about: • Music. • Advertisements. • Interviews with celebrities / important news figures. • News and sports bulletins. • Travel and weather reports. • Local information (particularly on a community radio station). © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Introduction Programme Content Activities Complete the following activities to help you prepare for making your own radio show: • Listen carefully to a radio programme of your choice. Make notes about what is included. Are there adverts, interviews, competitions, music tracks? How long does each of these last? • Find three different radio stations and decide what their target audiences are. • Listen to at least two different D. J. s. Make notes on their styles. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Programme Content CONTENTS • • The Jingle Music News and Sports Bulletins Travel and Weather Reports Interviews Advertisements Competitions Structuring your Show Slides 18 - 20 Slides 21 - 24 Slides 25 - 28 Slides 29 - 32 Slides 33 - 34 Slides 35 - 37 Slide 38 Slide 39 © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content The Jingle A ‘jingle’ is a short piece of music (or a catchphrase). Radio stations will often have a ‘station jingle’, and also a jingle for each individual programme. Here are some points to consider when creating your jingle: • It needs to be short and catchy, so that your listeners will remember it. It could rhyme to make it more memorable. • It should sum up the appeal of your station or your radio show to your target audience. • It might be set to music, or it could simply be a phrase that you use to describe your station. • You should use it at various points during your programme, almost like a punctuation mark. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content The Jingle Below you will see some examples of jingles for imaginary radio stations. As you read them, try to imagine how they might be said or sung. Radio Seven It’s my idea of Heaven Radio Blue Comin’ to you With the morning crew Manchester FM FM for music FM for magic © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content The Jingle Activities Now it’s your turn to practise creating a jingle. Write jingles for each of the stations / programmes listed below: • Jazz Radio - a late night show that presents the latest jazz tracks. • Radio Dublin - a lunchtime programme for students and young people. • Somerset FM - a morning show, giving news for farmers and other local people. • Radio Eight - a late night sports programme. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content The Music Now start to think about what kind of music you are going to play on your radio show. Remember, you must ensure that you appeal to your target audience. Brainstorm your favourite tracks below. Favourite Music Tracks © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content The Music When you introduce a piece of music on your radio show, you need to think carefully about how you are going to do it. Your listeners will want to know the name of the track, and who is performing it. You might also want to give them an idea of your opinion about the track. Radio presenters will sometimes allow listeners to phone in and ‘dedicate’ a track to someone, perhaps for their birthday, or some other occasion. You might decide to do this in your own radio show. Remember, too, that the way you present the music will be a big part of your style, and must appeal to your target audience. On the next slide you will find examples of how you could introduce some imaginary tracks. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content The Music Here’s the latest kickin’ tune from Slim Gal Tubby. This one goes out to all the crew at Mixers Niteclub with love from Adele. Know you’re gonna love it. This is “Kickin’ up a Storm”. Have you heard the new song from The Spicey Boys? Just out on their new label, this is “Lovin’ u 4 ever”. Give us a call and let us know what you think. We really like it here! © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content The Music Activities Here are some activities to help you develop your skills as a D. J. , and learn how to present music on your radio show: • Practise presenting each of the tracks you listed on your ‘favourite music tracks’ brainstorm. You could work in groups to devise your introduction, then perform them to the class. • Now choose one of the tracks and try to come up with five different ways of introducing it. Use different styles, dedications, and so on. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content News and Sports Bulletins The vast majority of radio stations provide their listeners with news and sports bulletins, usually on the hour or the half hour, i. e. at 9 am or 9. 30 am and so on. The way that news is presented on radio will obviously be different from television news reports. Questions • How will a radio bulletin differ from a television news report? • What might be the difference between news / sports on a national and a local radio station? • Why might a radio station use a different presenter for their show and their bulletins? © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content News and Sports Bulletins Question • How will a radio bulletin differ from a television news report? Answer • It will usually be much shorter, lasting between two and five minutes. • It will be a summary of the news, rather than an in depth discussion, because of the time constraints. • It will usually be repeated each hour, remaining mostly the same each time. • Because there is no need for pictures, radio can respond much more quickly to breaking news. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content News and Sports Bulletins Question • What might be the difference between news / sports on a national and a local radio station? Answer • A national station will cover national news, whilst a local station will include both national and local stories. • Local stations may use ‘roving reporters’ to visit local places when there is an interesting story to report. • National stations generally have more staff, and will be able to give greater coverage of important national news, while local stations will receive this news ‘second hand’. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content News and Sports Bulletins Question • Why might a radio station use a different presenter for their show and their bulletins? Answer • As a useful contrast for the listener between voices. • To use a more ‘serious sounding’ presenter for the news. • To use a sports specialist for sports stories, who can comment more authoritatively. • Because the news presenter may also be a journalist gathering news for the station. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content Travel and Weather Reports Radio can be a very useful source of information for drivers and other travellers. Whilst they could not watch a television travel or weather report while on the move, they can certainly listen to the radio. Radio also offers a very immediate form of reporting. As soon as the news of a traffic jam or bad weather is given to the radio station, it can report it to the listeners. Travel and weather reports tend to follow the news and sports bulletins, although they may interrupt a programme for an important bulletin. These reports will normally be brief and, if your radio station is a local one, will focus mainly on the local traffic and weather conditions. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content Travel and Weather Reports Most radio stations are sent traffic and weather information by the police and by the regional weather centres. Some radio stations will also have their own helicopters or reporters on motorcycles, who can give detailed and up to date local information, particularly during the morning and evening rush hours. Radio stations based in large towns, will also give information about public transport, letting their listeners know about any delays on the trains, tubes or buses. Regional radio stations based near the coast may also give information on high tides, and on conditions at sea. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content Travel and Weather Reports Now it’s your chance to practise your own travel and weather reporting skills. On the next slide you will find some different scenarios for you to write about. This is the type of information that might be sent to a radio station by the police / weather centres. Try to make your reports as detailed and imaginative as you can. Remember, you are making these reports up, so there is plenty of room for invention. Try to add a little of your own ‘style’, rather than just reporting the information. When you have finished practising and scripting your report, present it to a group or to the whole class. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content Travel and Weather Reports Traffic - Collision, Junction 3 of the M 4. Three lorries involved. Chemical spillage. Big queues expected. Weather - High winds, possibly gales. Force 6 - 9. Storm front moving in from the west. Heavy rain expected. Traffic - Roadworks on the A 571. Traffic jams expected. Traffic lights not working on the B 690. Weather - Sunshine and showers. Rain becoming heavier during the day. Possible ground frost tonight as skies clear. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content Interviews There are many different types of radio interviews, depending on the station and the programme where they are taking place. If you decide to include interviews in your radio show, think carefully about whom your target audience would be interested in hearing. On commercial radio, interviews tend to be with musicians or bands who are ‘plugging’ their latest single. The presenter will have a brief discussion with the singer, which is usually followed by playing their new single, perhaps live. On the more ‘serious’ radio stations, interviews may be held with politicians, writers, and so on. These interviews will usually be in more depth and will discuss the issues raised in detail. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content Interviews Activity Working with a partner, choose one of the interviewees and subjects below. Then, either improvise your interview, or write a script and then rehearse it. The Prime Minister - Discussing a new policy on crime. A Famous Singer - Talking about his / her latest single. A well known writer - Discussing his / her new book. A Famous Footballer - Talking about how the team is getting on and the most recent match. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content Advertisements As we have already seen, adverts are found on commercial radio stations. The advertisers will look carefully at the target audience before deciding to place an advert on a particular radio station. Regional radio stations tend to carry more local adverts, and generally speaking less money is spent on producing these. Because of the nature of radio, and the fact that is heard rather than seen, the voice in the advert is very important. Advertisers will sometimes choose a well known voice to present their advert, perhaps someone connected with the product they are selling. For instance, a famous television gardener might be paid to record an advertisement for a garden centre. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content Advertisements When you are creating adverts for your own radio show, you should bear the following points in mind: • Try to make your advert as memorable or catchy as possible. Use music if you can. Adverts that rhyme, or use a catchphrase, are generally easier to remember. • Keep the advert short and snappy. The longer an advert is, the more the advertisers have to pay for it. • Think carefully about the type of advertisers who would use your radio station / programme. What is your target audience? What products would they be likely to buy? • If you are good at doing impersonations, why not mimic a famous person who might advertise this particular product. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content Advertisements Activity Working with a partner, create an advert for one of the products below, writing a script and then performing your advert to the class. A new French restaurant with a celebrity chef. A garage that specialises in repairing bodywork on cars. A night club advertising a special ‘ladies night’. A national chain of supermarkets. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content Competitions As with adverts, competitions are more usually found on commercial radio stations, and some radio stations offer large cash prizes as an incentive. They are an excellent way for a radio station to encourage its listeners to become regulars. Some of the most commonly used competitions are: • Answering questions to win a prize. • Putting a sticker from the radio station on a car. If the listener’s car is spotted with the sticker, the owner wins a prize. • Phoning in when you hear a particular track. (This is an excellent way to make people keep listening to a station. ) © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Programme Content Structuring your Show Now you are almost ready to write your radio show. However, it is essential that you structure your programme carefully first. It will need to have a clear beginning, middle and end. In order to do this, it is a good idea to make a plan. In your plan, you should include: • Notes about the order that the items will come in. • Information about how you will open and end the show. Remember, an exciting opening is important to ‘grab’ the listeners! • Rough timings of each item. • A good balance between music and talk. You can’t just play your favourite tracks, then sit back and relax! © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Radio Project - Creating your Programme CONTENTS • Writing a Script • Taping the Programme • Evaluating the Work Slides 41 - 44 Slides 45 - 46 Slides 47 - 50 © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Creating your Programme Writing a Script Now that you have learnt more about radio programmes, you are ready to write a script for your own show. Remember to think carefully about the following points, which will all have an impact on the type of show you create: • Whether yours is a national or local station. • What your radio station and show are called. • What your target audience is. • What sort of style your D. J. or D. J. s are going to use. • What your Play List is going to be. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Creating your Programme Writing a Script Remember to include some or all of the following things in your radio show: • A jingle. • Music tracks. • News and sports bulletins. • Travel and weather reports. • Interviews. • Advertisements. • Competitions. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Creating your Programme Writing a Script If you are studying a particular novel or script with your teacher, you might like to base your radio show on that book. For instance, if you were studying “Of Mice and Men” by John Steinbeck, you could produce a radio show set at the time of the book. In your show you could interview some of the characters from the book, such as Lennie (before he is killed) and George. You could also include some of the ‘news’ from the book, such as the murder of Curley’s wife. Similarly, if you were studying “Romeo and Juliet” by William Shakespeare, you could have a news bulletin about the fighting between the Montagues and the Capulets, and interviews with the characters. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Creating your Programme Writing a Script When you write your show, use the correct layout, just as you would if writing a ‘normal’ script. Below is an example of how your script might start. My Radio Show [Jingle - “Enjoy your day the only way with Radio Happy Times”. ] Presenter: Hello and welcome to the morning show on Radio Happy Times. It’s a lovely sunny day here in Luton and what better way to start your day than with the fantastic new track from those gorgeous boys, East. World. This is called “Moving Up”. [Music Track - “Moving Up” by East. World. ] © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Creating your Programme Taping the Programme When you have finished writing the first draft of your script, it is important to practise it out loud, so that you check whether you need to make any changes. If you are working with a partner or in a group, make sure that you include everyone’s ideas. Once you are happy with the script, allow plenty of time to record it, as this will take much longer than you expect. While taping your show, make sure that you stop recording and rewind the tape to listen to what you have done at regular intervals. However, do not rewind your tape too many times, as this will stretch it and the sound quality will be poor. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Creating your Programme Taping the Programme On the day that you are due to record, make sure that you have the following things ready: • Any tapes with jingles on them. • Any tapes or CDs of music that will be played on your show. • A decent tape recorder and blank tape. • A CD player, if you are including tracks from CDs in your show. • Your script, with one copy for each person and your lines highlighted so that you can see them easily. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Creating your Programme Evaluating the Work Once you have finished making your radio show, make sure that you listen to your own work, and that of others, to evaluate it. On the following slides you will find headings and questions for evaluating your work. You could copy these into your exercise book or onto file paper. You should complete an evaluation for your own show, and at least one other. Remember, when evaluating, try to make your comments positive, and do not make personal criticisms. Include ideas about exactly how the work could have been improved. © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Creating your Programme Evaluating the Work Content of the Show: • Was the show interesting? • Did it include a variety of things, such as news, weather reports, adverts, interviews, competitions etc? • Was a sufficient amount of time given to each item, or was the show unbalanced? • Was the show well structured, with a clear opening and ending? • How did you feel the content could have been improved? If yes, how? • Would you like to listen to this show again? © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Creating your Programme Evaluating the Work The Presenters / D. J. s: • Did the presenters speak clearly at all times? Could you hear what they were saying throughout the show? • Did they use an interesting style, that would encourage you to listen again? • Was there a good contrast between the presenters? • Were the music tracks introduced properly, with clear information about who was singing, and what the tracks were called? • Was a different voice / person used for news and traffic reports? © Boardworks Ltd 2001
Creating your Programme Evaluating the Work The Overall Appeal: • Would the show appeal to a specific target audience? • Was this the target audience that the programme makers intended? Make sure you check with them to see. • Was the show generally well structured, interesting and pleasing to listen to? • Were the programme makers thinking carefully about the listeners, rather than just playing their favourite tracks? • Did you enjoy the overall style of the show? Would you become a regular listener if this type of show was available? © Boardworks Ltd 2001
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