Кембридж и Оксфорд Работу выполнила студентка группы 11 к Бубнова Екатерина
Cambridge • • • Cambridge literally means "bridge over the River Cam. " City in the east of England. It is one of the oldest university centers in Europe. It has one of the best universities in the world, where educated Nobel Prize winners, world-renowned scientists and cultural figures. Tourists see here with magnificent monuments and theaters, as well as with many ancient legends. On one of them, in the early thirteenth century in Oxford murder case in which the accused three innocent students. The university community was split: some professors and students left Oxford in the small village of Cambridge, where they founded a university, which still exists today. Cambridge is famous for its university, which started during the 13 th century and grew steadily, until today there are more than twenty colleges. The oldest one is Peterhouse, which was founded in 1284. And the most recent is Robinson College, which was opened in 1977. But the most famous is King's College, because of its magnificent chapel. Its choir of boys and undergraduates is well known all over the world. The Universities were only for men until 19 th century when the first women's college was opened. Later the doors of colleges were opened to both men and women. Nowadays almost all the colleges are mixed.
University of Cambridge • Founded in 1209, nearly a century after Oxford University was established, the university was formally incorporated in 1571 and was patterned after those of Oxford and Paris with a traditional course of study based on Latin grammar, rhetoric and logic, arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy. Cambridge is also a member of many academic associations and forms part of the 'golden triangle' of British universities. A total of 89 Nobel Prizes winners are affiliates of the university.
King's College and King's College Chapel • King's College was founded in 1441 by Henry VI (1421 -71) and is one of the 31 colleges in the University of Cambridge. King's has an outstanding academic record and is also world-famous for its Chapel and choir. The Christmas Eve service from King's (A Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols) is broadcast to millions around the world.
The Fitzwilliam Museum • The Fitzwilliam Museum was described by the Standing Commission on Museums & Galleries in 1968 as "one of the greatest art collections of the nation and a monument of the first importance". It owes its foundation to Richard, VII Viscount Fitzwilliam of Merrion who, in 1816, bequeathed to the University of Cambridge his works of art and library, together with funds to house them, to further "the Increase of Learning and other great Objects of that Noble Foundation".
Kettle’s Yard • One of Britain's finest galleries - a beautiful and unique house with a distinctive collection of 20 th century art, and a gallery exhibiting contemporary and modern art.
The Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences • One of the University's many hidden treasures, and actually its oldest museum, the Sedgwick is packed full of fossils with more than 1 million in its collection. These range from the earliest forms of life from more than 3000 million years ago, to the wildlife that roamed the Fens less than 150, 000 years ago.
The Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology • The Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Cambridge has one of the most important collections of its kind in the UK. Originally founded in 1884, it has been in its present location on Downing Street since 1913.
The Museum of Classical Archaeology • The Museum of Classical Archaeology is dedicated to the study and teaching of the classical past through the material and visual cultures of ancient Greece and Rome. Our collections are rather unusual, however. We don't only hold objects from 2, 000 or so years ago – we also hold objects produced in the 19 th century to replicate ancient artefacts which were housed somewhere else in the world.
Oxford • • • Oxford was founded in the 9 th century when Alfred the Great created a network of fortified towns called burhs across his kingdom. One of them was at Oxford is first mentioned in 911 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. According to legend, Oxford University was founded in 872 when Alfred the Great happened to meet some monks there and had a scholarly debate that lasted several days. In reality, it grew up in the 12 th century when famous teachers began to lecture there and groups of students came to live • and study in the town. • But Oxford was a fortress as well as a town. In the event of war with the Danes all the men from the area were to gather inside the burgh. However this strategy was not entirely successful. In 1009 the Danes burned Oxford. However Oxford was soon rebuilt. In 1013 the Danish king claimed the throne of England. He invaded England went to Oxford. In 1018 a conference was held in Oxford to decide who would be the king of England. By the time of the Norman Conquest, there were said to be about 1, 000 houses rn Oxford, which meant it probably had a population of around 5, 000. By the standards of the time, it was a large and important town (even London only had about 18, 000 inhabitants). Oxford was the 6 th largest town in England. Oxford probably reached its zenith at that time. About 1072 the Normans built a castle at Oxford. In the 12 th and 13 th centuries Oxford was a manufacturing town. It was noted for cloth and leather. But in the 14 th and 15 th centuries manufacturing declined. Oxford came to depend on the students. It became a town of brewers, butchers, bakers, tailors, shoemakers, coopers, carpenters and blacksmiths. In the later Middle Ages Oxford declined in importance. In the 16 th century Oxford declined further in terms of national importance, though it remained a fairly large town by the standards of the time. Oxford was economically dependent on the university. The students provided a large market for beer, food, clothes and other goods. From 1819 Oxford had gas street lighting. In the late 19 th century a marmalade making industry began in Oxford. There was also a publishing industry and an iron foundry. Oxford gained its first cinema in 1910. The fate of Oxford was changed in 1913 when a man named Morris began making cars in the city. In 1919 a radiator making company was formed. By the 1930 s Oxford was an important manufacturing centre. It was also a prosperous city. , Furthermore it escaped serious damage during World War II. Oxford airport opened in 1938. Today the main industries are still car manufacturing(established mass production of cars for the first time in the UK. In the 80 -ies of the XX century, the company has declined, but in the beginning of XXI century in its capacity was built successful production of the BMW Mini) and making vehicle parts and publishing. Today the population of Oxford is 121, 000.
University of Oxford • Takes the second place in the list of the oldest universities in Europe (after Bologna, the oldest English-speaking University in the world, and also the first University in the UK. The University consists of faculties and 38 colleges.
Christ Church • • Christ Church is a unique institution, one of the largest colleges in the University of Oxford and the Cathedral Church for the Diocese of Oxford. It has a world famous Cathedral Choir; scholarly collections of books and art; and is enjoyed by many people as visitors or guests at conferences and Summer schools. Christ Church has a fascinating history and many distinguished people have studied here including John Locke, Robert Hooke, John Wesley, Robert Peel, William Gladstone, W. H. Auden, David Dimbleby, Rowan Williams, Richard Curtis and Howard Goodall.
Magdalen College • Magdalen College was founded in 1458 by William Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, and Lord Chancellor. He wanted a College on the grandest scale, and his foundation was the largest in Oxford, with 40 Fellows, 30 scholars (known at Magdalen as Demies), and a large choir for his Chapel. Waynflete lived to a great age, dying in 1486, by which time Magdalen was equipped with a large income, splendid buildings, and a set of statutes.
The Bodleian Library • The combined collections of the Bodleian Libraries number more than 11 million printed items, in addition to 50, 000 e-journals and vast quantities of materials in many other formats. • Libraries in the Bodleian Libraries group include the principal University library—the Bodleian Library—which has been a library of legal deposit for 400 years; major research libraries; and libraries attached to faculties, departments and other institutions of the University.
Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology • The present Ashmolean was created in 1908 by combining two ancient Oxford institutions: the University Art Collection and the original Ashmolean Museum.
The Bate Collection of Musical Instruments • The Bate Collection of Musical Instruments is a collection of historic musical instruments, mainly for Western classical music, from the medieval period onwards. It is housed in Oxford University's Faculty of Music near Christ Church on St. Aldate's.
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