July 24 25 2001 Cambridge USA Universal

July 24 & 25, 2001 Cambridge, USA Universal Knowledge Project Four Most Crucial Components In Solving IT-age Knowledge Divide A Digital Nations Project Dr. Kazuhiko Nishi nishi@media. mit. edu Media Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 0

Humankind has become the master of this planet through languages and characters Languages and characters have guided humankind's development and growth Languages and characters are a bridge linking all nations and peoples We need to solve language problems on the Internet so that we can make the best use of it 1

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Population Forecasts for Major Cities in 2010 (unit: millions) (1) Tokyo (Japan) (2) San Paolo(Brazil) (3) Bombay (India) (4) Shanghai (China) (5) Lagos (Nigeria) (6) Mexico City(Mexico） (7) Beijing (China) (8) Dhaka (Bangladesh) (9) New York (USA) (10) Jakarta (Indonesia) (11) Karachi (Pakistan) (12) Manila (Philippines) (13) Tenshin (China) 28. 93 m 24. 97 m 24. 37 m 21. 67 m 21. 09 m 18. 02 m 17. 97 m 17. 55 m 17. 23 m 17. 20 m 17. 02 m 16. 06 m 15. 70 m (14) Calcutta (India) (15) New Delhi (India) (16) Los Angeles (USA) (17) Seoul(South Korea) (18) Buenos Aries (Argentina) (19) Cairo (Egypt) (20) Rio de Janeiro(Brazil) (21) Bangkok (Thailand) (22) Tehran (Iran) (23) Istanbul (Turkey) (24) Osaka (Japan) (25) Moscow (Russia) (26) Lima (Peru) 15. 70 m 15. 58 m 13. 91 m 13. 68 m 13. 42 m 13. 32 m 12. 74 m 11. 88 m 11. 80 m 10. 60 m 10. 37 m 10. 07 m 25 23 19 22 7 13 17 1 1115 8 24 3 14 21 4 12 9 16 6 5 10 26 20 2 18 3 Source: World Bank Data

The spread of the Internet will expand the unfairness of knowledge Defacto standard language on the Internet == English Knowledge ends up being created and stored in English The knowledge of those who speak English increases further > > > Those who cannot speak English are unable to access knowledge over the Internet The gap grows larger and larger 4

In order for humankind to be able to share knowledge, the following must happen: 1. There must be universal access to the Internet. 2. The problem of currency barriers must be resolved. 3. Inexpensive computers must become available everywhere. 4. The problem of language barriers must be resolved. 5

Project 1 URI (Universal Radio Internet) Project Satellite Ku band transponder on Pan. Am. Sat Metropolitan Phased Array Antenna “The Sun Flower” Distributed small antennas to and from Ku band Satellite Frequency Developing a global wireless connection to the Internet without government license Groupware and Remote Disk Server Integrated messaging and interactive learning 6 Ku band 2. 4/1. 2 GHz worldwide coverage IEEE 802. 11 b + new 402. 11 x link Terrestrial network connections for inter-wireless packet routers & clients 802 for PC 401 for long distance slow speed

Ku band satellite GPS 802. 11 b 401. 11 x USAT $500 -$1000 USAT $500 - $1000 7 802. 11 b 401. 11 x

Project 2 UEC (Universal Electronic Coin) Project Minimum unit is 1 microgram of gold 0. 001 cent 3 options [US dollar and gold] in America [Euro and gold] in Europe [Gold only] in the rest of the world Develop gold-based electronic prepaid money system for micro payment for browsing complying Web pages Web-based link operation technology Repaying for quotes 8 Collaboration with major credit card companies and major international banks Includes localization flexibility Combination of Online and Offline transactions

Internet Universal PC Access RFID card support RDID sensor Pay by touching 9 Swatch Access RFID support

Project 3 UPC (Universal Paper Computer) Project Manufacturing several kinds of VLSI chips base on Strong Arm Developing $100 network PC Cardboard PC based on one VLSI chip and circuits printed on paper Developing an improved OS, JAVA, and CPUindependent P-code as the OS and programming language Technology for printing circuits on paper (application of Joe Jacobson’s research at MIT) Recyclable cardboard and plastic body Power supply by air and solar batteries 10

Single-Chip PC on a Paper antenna 802 11. b USB 2. 0 port Paper printed circuit 1 chip Display option Video out for TV monitor Optional memory 640 x 480, 1024 x 768 2000 x 1000 Rechargeable batteries 1 shot 1 piece KB 11

Universal PC chip design Video Out SDRAM Video DAC ARM 9+ Core MUX Video VIDEO Video SDRAMC MEMC FPGA Config (PCM) Bridge (OPLL) SDRAM 16 MB (PSG) buffer Wireless LAN Bridge FLASH (I/O) 12 (RTC) (TIMER)

USB 2. 0 UP Stream 7 ports JTAG RAM 16 MB ARM 920 T 400 MHz 4 ch DMAC USB 2. 0 DOWN Stream 1 port Video encoder FLASH 8 MB MEMORY controller Video selector Interrupt controller USB-Host controller USB Target controller Video RAM 8 MB Video controller AHB-APB Bridge PLD Downloader 1 million gates APB MEDIA controller Security Wireless LAN or Bluetooth PLD RAM 8 MB TIMER RTC PIO I/O selector SD-memory 2 slots Keyboard port RF-IC Universal PC Chip Block Design Ver. 4 13 General I/O port AUDIO DAC © 2001 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab / Kazuhiko Nishi

Project 4 UNL (Universal Networking Language) Project Automated translation technology Develop a browser-based translation system between 189 languages HTML language extension Web-based operation technology 14 Universal Word and Syntax as intermediate language Online multi-language dictionary maintenance system

UNL is The Way to Solve the Language Problem Store knowledge in both its mother tongue and UNL Those who speak another language can use a deconverter to translate UNL into their own language Those who speak that mother tongue can access knowledge as is Users install the deconverter as a plug-in for their browser 15

Established Achievements in Key Languages by Governments, Universities, Laboratories, and Companies for Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Latvian, Mongolian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swahili, and Thai with support from United Nations University, Institute for Advanced Study, UNL Center 16

Our Goals By 2000, 16 languages online with UNL. (Almost done) By the end of 2003, 31 languages (16 + all 15 EU) online with UNL. (Soon…) By 2009, support all 189 UN member states. (This is the real challenge!) 17

Field Tests (Proposal) As we develop this project, we will plan to start a field test in 2005 for the tools that will enable everyone, everywhere to participate in the digital community and share knowledge in their mother tongue for less than $100. URI Accessible anywhere in the world Ku band 1. 2/2. 4 GHz Online festival by participating communities Feedback for technology evaluation United Nations United UNL Nations Foundation University Geneva Tokyo UEC UNL UPC Available to everyone at a low price Accessible in any of Strong Arm + Useable in cyberspace in any country the 189 languages Digital applications to community problems such as medical care, education, and the environment Electronic payment Distributing 1000 sets of $100 PCs connection routers to experiment with 1, 000 communities wireless prepaid card Digital Foster Families system Field test both in real world and cyberspace ITU UNESCO Workshops and contests for designing a $100 PC Unicef 18 Harvard Camp Communication test using pictographs and symbols MLE IOC Junior Summit

The organization that accomplishes this will gain astronomical profit and fame. However, we should not purse this project for profit and fame. Should we not instead make this come true for the world as a legacy for our future generations? If we do not do this, it is likely that other groups will try the same thing. Not for competition, but for open cooperation and open collaboration with other organizations and groups as well. 19