Journalism of UK Foreign Journalism Berdak Bayimbetov

Some terms • UK • Great Britain • England

Division of media

The UK Television • The five national networks (excluding satellite) • Cable and digital

The main channels • BBC 1 - since 1936, general interest programmes. • BBC 2 - minority and specialist interests. • ITV - broadcasting is approximately 33% informative and 66% light entertainment. • Channel 4 - since 1982, 15% educational programmes, encourages innovation and experiment. • Channel 5 – since 1997

Television viewing in Britain • The most popular is leisure pastime • Average viewing time is over 25 hours a week • TV productions continue to win international awards • Half of the programmes are bought abroad • Children’s TV has been very active (Blue Peter on BBC 1) • “Youth TV” has been started recently

The Funding • BBC 1 & BBC 2 – license fees from viewers , sale of programmes, hire and sale of educational films based on programmes. Do not get any of their revenue through advertising. • BBC World – an advertiser funded channel, with 24 -hour news, information and analysis. • ITV Channels 3, 4, 5 all profit-making, revenue from advertising

The division of programmes • Light entertainment (variety shows, soap operas, situation comedies, game shows) • News/current affairs • Documentaries • Children’s TV • Music • Sport • Films/TV movies • Drama/plays

The Broadcast Media • The broadcast media includes radio and television programming, although television is by far the more popular form. • With so many people in the UK watching television regularly, TV has a lot of influence on the everyday lives of UK citizens. • Everyone who wants to watch TV in the UK has to pay for a TV license.

The brief history of British radio • 1922: First British radio started to broadcast daily entertaining programmes on Feb 14. • 1922: BBC started daily broadcasting on 2 LO on 14 Nov. The first voice was Arthur Burrows, reading the news. • 1922: 15 Nov: 5 IT and 2 ZY became first BBC stations outside London. • 1967: On 30 th September, BBC radio reorganisation launched Radio's 1, 2, 3 and 4.

The division of newspapers British Newspapers Daily Morning Regional National Evening Sunday Tabloids

British Newspapers • Britain has one of the highest levels of newspaper sales per head of population, and there are 1400 different newspapers. • Britain has 10 different daily national newspapers.

Circulation (mln) 5. 00 4. 22 4. 00 3. 16 3. 00 1. 76 1. 64 2. 00 1. 13 1. 00 0. 44 INDEPENDENT THE TIMES GUARDIAN TELEGRAPH EXPRESS MAIL MIRROR SUN 0. 00 0. 39 Circulation of some National Dailies

The circulation of national newspapers 18 17. 5 17 16. 5 16 On weekdays 15. 5 On Sundays 15 Copies

British Newspapers There are two categories of national newspapers: (features of each) ① “the quality press” / “the broadsheets” ② “the tabloids” / “the popular newspapers” / “the gutter press”

British Newspapers The first issue of The Observer. • The Observer - still published every Sunday; first appeared in 1791; the world’s oldest Sunday newspaper.

British Newspapers • The Times - began in 1785 (under the title The Daily Universal Register); Became The Times in 1788. The UK’s oldest daily newspaper. • The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (1838 - India), The Straits Times (1845 – Singapore) , The New York Times (1851 - USA), The Irish Times (1859 - Ireland), Los Angeles Times (1881 - USA), The Seattle Times (1891 - USA), The Daily Times (1900 - Malawi), The Canberra Times (1926 - Australia), The Times (Malta) (1935) The Times of Israel (Israel) (2012).

British Newspapers • The Guardian - a national daily newspaper which is radical in politics and interested in society and social problems. It is quite soft on crime and quite feminist and shows great concern for green politics. • The Telegraph - one of the quality press, support tough sentences for criminals, be unsympathetic to single mothers and favour free enterprise over social programmes.

British Newspapers • The Financial Times - about business, is not only printed at home but also printed in other countries of the world. • was founded in 1888 • is printed in 23 cities worldwide: London, Leeds, Dublin, Frankfurt, Brussels, Stockholm, Milan, Madrid, New York, Chicago, Los Angles, Dallas, San Francisco, Atlanta, Orlando, Washington D. C, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Seoul, Dubai, Sydney and Johannesburg.

Financial Times • In 1893, the Financial Times first began printing on salmon pink paper as a stroke of marketing genius to distinguish the FT from its major competitor, the Financial News. • On January 4, 1993, the FT was printed on white paper to celebrate 100 years "in the pink. " The Financial Times is one of the few publications to have a larger circulation outside its home market than within its home market. • The FT is the only non-domestic newspaper delivered to the White House on a daily basis. • The Anchor, is the Financial Times' local pub in London.

Some of British tabloids • • The The Daily Star Daily Mail Mirror Daily Telegraph

Top Ten Facts about Local Media 1. Local newspapers are more than twice as trusted as any other media channel. 2. The local press is the UK’s most popular print medium, read by 31 million people a week. 3. There are 1, 100 local newspapers and 1, 600 associated websites in the UK. 4. Local media websites attract 62 million unique users each month. 5. 12 million people read a local newspaper but do not read a national newspaper.

Top Ten Facts about Local Media 6. 61% of adults read a local newspaper. 7. Over 60% of people act on the ads in local newspapers. 8. Advertising on local newspaper websites is 77% more likely to be believed and relied upon than advertising on other websites. 9. 11 million more UK adults read a local newspaper (31 million) than listen to commercial radio (20 million). 10. Local press is the most effective media channel for generating word of mouth conversations.

British Sky Broadcasting Group plc • Formed in 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting. • BSky. B is the largest pay-TV broadcaster in the United Kingdom and Ireland with over 11 million subscribers. • It has the largest budget in the UK among other media industries.

• Sky launched its HDTV service, Sky+ HD, on 22 May 2006. • Sky began to broadcast programmes in 3 D in April 2010. This included new 3 D channels, including a Sky Sports 3 D and Sky Movies 3 D. • It has a monopoly, beating the BBC and ITV, on transmitting live matches since the inception of the Premier League in 1992.

Main competitors: BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation); ITV (Independent Television); BT (British Telecom) Vision (Vo. D)