Joint UNECE Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics organised

Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics organised in collaboration with UNFPA Geneva, Switzerland, 3 -5 March 2008 The use of time stamps for measuring short-term migrants in Austrian Migration Statistics Submitted by STATISTICS AUSTRIA Stephan Marik-Lebeck S T A T I S T I CS A U S T R I A www. statistik. at

UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria CONTENTS Ø Introduction Ø Definitions of Duration for Residents and migration Ø The impact of short- and long-term migration in Austria Ø The use of other sources to measure short-term migration in Austria – possibilities and limitations Ø Conclusion 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 2

UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria INTRODUCTION Ø Migration statistics reflect national administrative systems inconsistency between most countries Ø Population and migration statistics refer to residential population ("permanent residents") problems for adequate recording of people not registered for the complete reference period Ø Classification of migration through permit expiry or intended length of stay not necessarily reflecting the actual length of stay Ø Depicting at least an “administrative reality” by using registrations of permanent residences 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 3

UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria DEFINITIONS OF DURATION FOR RESIDENTS AND MIGRATION Ø Since 2002: register of residences in Austria Ø Population stock and migration flows derived under identical criteria from registrations and de-registrations of main residences Ø information from register on the residence duration used to classify population stocks (“Permanent Residents”) and migration flows Ø classification based on the “ 1998 UN Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration”: Ø Temporary stayers: 0 to 90 days; Ø Short term migration: 91 to 365 days and Ø Long term migration: 366 days and longer. 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 4

Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria DEFINITIONS OF DURATION FOR RESIDENTS AND MIGRATION Ø Minimum of 90 days of continuous registration in Austria for inclusion in population and migration statistics Ø register would allow any time span Ø Austria can thus fulfill requirements of EU regulation on migration statistics distinguish long-term migration Ø However, schedule for delivery of data makes estimations necessary Ø No consistency with national data 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 5

Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria THE IMPACT OF SHORT- AND LONG-TERM MIGRATION IN AUSTRIA Austria 2003/2005 immigration emigration net-migration Abs. % 146. 475 100, 0 101. 864 100, 0 44. 611 100, 0 Temporary Stayers (≤ 90 days) 26. 883 18, 4 27. 622 27, 1 -739 -1, 6 Short-Term Migration (91 -365 days) 28. 737 19, 6 23. 866 23, 4 4. 871 10, 9 Long-Term Migration (>365 days) 90. 855 62, 0 50. 376 49, 5 40. 479 90, 7 National Migration statistics (STM + LTM) 119. 592 81, 6 74. 242 72, 9 45. 350 101, 6 Registered Migrations of which: 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 6

Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria THE IMPACT OF SHORT- AND LONG-TERM MIGRATION IN AUSTRIA Ø Migration impact of short-term migrations not very important Ø However significant migration flows Ø Exclusion of temporary stayers reduces size of migration flows Ø Yet only partial coverage in registers Ø Inclusion of short-term migrants offers insight in circular migration patterns Ø Covers seasonal workers in tourism and agriculture Ø No significant augmentation of migration balance Ø Allows quicker publication of data 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 7

Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria OTHER SOURCES TO MEASURE SHORT-TERM MIGRATION – POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS Ø Determine short-term migrants through number of permits with limited validity Ø Ministry of Interior publishes monthly and annual permit statistics Ø Disaggregated by first-time permits Ø Prolongations Ø Changes of purpose (in most cases equal to prolongation) Ø However, validity of permits gives no information on actual length of stay in Austria, nor about the place of residence 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 8

UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria OTHER SOURCES TO MEASURE SHORT-TERM MIGRATION – POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS Ø Indication for length of stay is maximum validity of permits for different purposes as defined by national law Ø permits do not include a PIN to link them with the registration register no automatic de-registration once permit has expired Ø no information on permits for EU-/EWR- and Swiss citizens Ø permit statistics only comparable for third-country nationals 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 9

Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria Accorded residence permits and asylum applications in 2002 -2006 Type of residence permit 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 First-time settlement allowances (unlimited) Subject to a quota (a) 4. 069 6. 258 5. 138 8. 027 6. 596 outside the quota (b) 12. 664 25. 908 26. 697 26. 537 20. 570 8. 595 23. 444 23. 308 22. 701 18. 054 6. 613 21. 200 32. 209 35. 405 38. 801 9. 973 15. 718 17. 384 19. 797 of which: relatives of Austrian nationals Residence permits (limited) First-time permits (c) of which: persons in temporary employment / seasonal workers . Residence visa D+C (d) 10. 711 . . . Applications for asylum (e) 13. 349 22. 461 24. 634 total (Sum of a-e) 47. 406 75. 827 88. 678 102. 328 105. 321 32. 359 . 39. 354 Source: Austrian Ministry of Interior, Statistics on Asylum and Foreigners 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 10

Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria Comparison of permit and migration statistics in Austria 2002 -2006 Issued Residence permits and asylum applications Immigration according to Migration Statistics 2005 2004 2003 2002 47. 406 75. 827 88. 678 102. 328 105. 321 100. 972 117. 822 127. 399 113. 554 113. 165 Austrian Nationals 15. 588 16. 367 18. 452 16. 390 20. 598 Foreigners 85. 384 101. 455 108. 947 97. 164 92. 567 of which: EU-14 23. 387 22. 277 19. 888 16. 913 14. 222 EU-10 (Accession 2004) 15. 711 16. 673 16. 310 … … Third-Country-Nationals 46. 286 62. 505 72. 749 80. 251 78. 345 Source: Austrian Ministry of Interior, Statistics on Foreigners and Asylum 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 11

UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria CONCLUSION Ø The feasibility of time-limits has to be seen in view of distinct legal frameworks for recording migration in different countries Ø Inclusion of short-term migrants in migration statistics requires adaptations also in definitions of the population stock Ø Use of common statistical criteria for migration flows and population stocks Ø Ensure consistency of migration statistics with other demographic data, esp. on regional level Ø harmonisation with definitions in censuses 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 12

UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria CONCLUSION Ø Integration of different data sources for migration statistics is hindered by different statistical designs Ø increase knowledge of data producers of rationale behind administrative procedures preceding the preparation of statistics Ø Statistical proceeding of short-term migrants should also take into account the legal framework for the sojourns of foreigners Ø no adjustments of administrative procedures for statistical purposes necessary Ø Statistics on short-term migration should be provided under harmonised criteria on a European level 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 13

UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria CONCLUSION Ø The main question guiding the process of harmonisation and improving migration statistics should be: “What kind of “migration reality” are we going to produce in the future? ” 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 14

UNECE/Eurostat WG Migration SSED Montréal, 6 -8 Dec 2007 Statistics Genéve 3 -5 March 2008 Challenges we count? How should in defining and measuring difficult-to-count migrants Session Methodological debates - – Item 4 3. 1 Time Stamps For Measuring Short-term Migrants in Austria The use of time stamps for measuring short-term migrants in Austrian Migration Statistics Submitted by STATISTICS AUSTRIA Stephan Marik-Lebeck stephan. marik-lebeck@statistik. gv. at 04. 03. 2008 S T A T II S T II C S S T A T S T C S A U S T R II A A U S T R A 15 www. statistik. at