Jemaah Islamiayh JI Pak Anastasiia History of

Jemaah Islamiayh (JI) Pak Anastasiia

History of the organization • was founded in 1993 by Abu Bakar Baasyir and Abdullah Sungkar in Malaysia • in 1998 JI moved to Indonesia • has been conducting terrorist attacks since 1999 • has since expanded to Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Australia, Thailand, and Pakistan • After the bombing in Bali in 2002, was listed by the UN on the list of terrorist organizations associated with Al Qaeda and the Taliban.

Ideology and Doctrine • Ideology- Salafism • Doctrine is based on five founding principles: 1. iman (belief), 2. hijrah (emigration), 3. i’dad (preparation to struggle in the way of God), 4. jihad (struggle in the way of Allah), 5. al wala wal bara (division of the world into friends and enemies). • JI’s ideology is influenced by al-Qaeda’s political theology

Social, national, age, gender analysis of the participants JI’s current membership isn’t known publicly, but was estimated in 2007 to range between 900 and several thousand members

“Myth”- story that cements the creation of this organization • JI’s roots can be traced to Darul Islam, a radical anti-colonialist movement in 1940 s Indonesia. • In 1985 small factions fled to Malaysia to eventually regroup and rebrand as Jemaah Islamiyah • JI leaders adopted principles of Darul Islam to maintain a low profile in order to avoid government retaliation.

Structure AMIR Majelis Qiyadah (governing) Mantiqi II Majelis Shurah (religious) Mantiqi III Majelis Fatwa (edict) Majelis Husban (descipline) Mantiqi IV

• Mantiqi I + Mantiqi IV financing issues • Mantiqi II terrorist activities • Mantiqi III training

Structure • JI has lost its centralized origin • JI has two major factions: 1. the structured faction- “trainors” (ideological outreach, proselytization and recruitment) 2. the unstructured faction- “bombers” (bomb-making operations)

International support JI support contacts with both: • international terrorist organizations üAl-Qaida • and those in the region: üAbu Sayyaf üthe Islamic Front for the Liberation of Moro üthe Misuari Renegade Group (MRG / MBG) üthe Philippine Movement Rajah Sulaiman ( RSM) and etc.

Financial sourses • islamic charities • contributions from JI’s own members, outside supporters, • Al Qaeda investments and accounts already established in the region • proceeds from: üpetty crime üextortion ü racketeering ügun-running ükidnapping

Goals and aims The main goal has two stages: 1. The first stage is the continuation of the goal of Darul Islam- the creation of an Islamic state in Indonesia. 2. The second stage is to create an Islamic state that covers the whole of South East Asia and include the countries of Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, southern Thailand southern Philippines. This Islamic state would be ruled by Shari’ah law (Muslim religious law).

Methods • crime • racketeering • extortion • gun-running • kidnapping

Activities Major attacks: 2000 - several Christian churches across Indonesia 2002 - a nightclub in Bali 2003 - near a ferry terminal in the southern Philippines, the JW Marriot in Jakarta 2004 - near the Australian embassy in Jakarta 2005 - Jimbaran Bay and Kuta, tourist destinations in Bali, Indonesia 2009 - the JW Marriot and the Ritz-Carlton hotels in Jakarta’s business district

A degree to be discussed in Mass media CNN Philippines Voice of America Manila Bulletin Free Malaysia Today Asian Correspondent etc.

Thank you for attention