Janez Štebe ADP Univerza v Ljubljani ZMOŽNOSTI MEDNARODNIH

Janez Štebe, ADP, Univerza v Ljubljani ZMOŽNOSTI MEDNARODNIH ANKETNIH DRUŽBOSLOVNIH PRIMERJALNIH RAZISKAV (priredba predstavitve iz STATISTIČNI DNEVOV 2006 za študente Anketne metodologije, 2007) www. europeansocialsurvey. org

1990’ in 2000’: obdobje kontinuiranih mednarodnih primerjalnih anketnih raziskav • V predstavitvi je poudarek na dveh najuglednejših akademskih primerjalnih anketnih raziskavah novejšega časa: – International Social Survey Program – ISSP – Mednarodni program družboslvonih raziskav, in – European Social Survey (ESS) – Evropska družboslovna raziskava. • Kakšen je njihov pomen, uporabnost za družboslovno raziskovanje? www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Ugotavljanje kakovosti za dani namen: NA PODLAGI: • Vsebine • Uporabljenih metod • Dostopa do podatkov www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Bogata vsebina • Širok nabor subjektivnih indikatorjev o družbenem življenju in razmerah, tipi podatkov: – stališča, – Prepričanja in ocene družbenih razmer in posameznikovega položaja , – Poročila o navadah, objektivni podatki • Pri izboru indikatorjev upoštevajo znanstvene kriterije pomena: – Tako da zadostijo stalno prisotnemu zanimanju za določene teme in na podlagi akademske radovednosti • Primerjalni značaj s širokim naborom evropskih in držav sveta, sistematično ponavljanje posameznih tematskih sklopov v časovnih intervalih www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Metodološka izpopolnjenost • Merjenje – Izdelava vprašalnikov za več držav, ki so funkcionalno enakovredna za dane populacije – Doseči ne le veljavnost samo zase, ampak veljavnost v mednarodnem okviru – Isti vidiki razlik v jezikih, kulturi in družbeni strukturi, ki naredijo mednarodno primerjalno razikovanje analitično zanimivo, predstavljajo oviro pri doseganju enakovrednosti merjenja • Ukrepi za doseganje cilja – Pilotsko testiranje in ustrezen izbor indikatorjev – Ugotavljanje veljavnosti in zanesljivosti – Standardizacija merjenja in kumulativnost indikatorjev • V okviru analiz je potrebno biti seznanjen s posebnostmi podatkov in pazljiv pri uporabi podatkov, da se izognemo napačnim zaključkom www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Pristop k zagotavljanju kakovosti • Izdelava vodičev po postopkih za zagotavljanje standardizacije procesa izdelave podatkov – Vzorčenje, prevajanje, potek izvedbe ankete • Izvajalci so akademske ustanove z daljšp tradicijo in ugledom v posameznih državah, • Visoke ciljne stopnje sodelovanja, • Harmonizacija spremenljivk v nacionalnih datotekah, • Podrobna dokumentacija preostalih posebnosti, podrobno poročanje in pregled indikatorjev izvedbe – korenček in palica www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Lahek dostop najširših skupin uporabnikov • Sekundarna analiza je primarni namen • Pri pogojih dostopa nimajo izvajalci raziskave nobenih prednosti • Dostop je olajšan preko mreže podatkovnih arhivov, ki sodelujejo tudi pri spodbujanju širše uporabe podatkov www. europeansocialsurvey. org

ESS - 3 main aims - To produce rigorous trend data about changes in people’s underlying values - To surmount the longstanding obstacles to comparability in the conduct of crossnational surveys - To achieve recognition for reliable social indicators and attitudinal measures www. europeansocialsurvey. org

ESS organisation Specialist advisory groups Q’n Module Design Teams Methods Group Sampling panel Scientific Advisory Board Central Coordinating Team Funders’ Forum 25+ National Coordinators & Survey institutes Country 1 Country 2 Country 3 Translation taskforce ETC www. europeansocialsurvey. org

32 participating countries in Rounds 1 -3 Austria* Belgium* Bulgaria Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark* Estonia Finland* France* Germany* Greece Hungary* Iceland Ireland* Italy Israel Italy Latvia Luxembourg Netherlands* Norway* Poland* Portugal* Romania Russia Slovakia www. europeansocialsurvey. org Slovenia* Spain* Sweden* Switzerland* Turkey UK* *all three rounds

Core questionnaire - structure Socio-political attitudes • Trust in institutions • Political interest & participation • Socio-political orientations • Multi-level governance Values and quality of life • Underlying moral & social values • Social inclusion & exclusion • National, ethnic, religious allegiances • Well-being, health, security Socio-demographic background variables • Demographic composition • Educational & occupational background • Financial circumstances • Household circumstances www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Rotating modules Round 1 (2002): - Immigration - Citizenship, involvement and democracy (CID) Round 2 (2004): - Family, work & well-being - Economic morality in Europe - Health and care seeking Round 3 (2006): - Personal and Social Well-being: Creating indicators for a flourishing Europe - The Timing of Life: The organisation of the life course in Europe www. europeansocialsurvey. org

www. europeansocialsurvey. org

ISSP: The four founding members agreed to • jointly develop modules dealing with important areas of social science • field the modules as a fifteen-minute supplement to the regular national surveys (or a special survey if necessary) • include an extensive common core of background variables • make the data available to the social science community as soon as possible. www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Questionnaire drafting • The topics for the ISSP yearly surveys are developed over several years by a sub-committee and are pre-tested in various countries. • The annual plenary meeting of the ISSP then adopts the final questionnaire. • ISSP questions need to be relevant to all countries and expressed in an equivalent manner in all languages. • The questionnaire is originally drafted in British English and then translated into other languages. www. europeansocialsurvey. org

The ISSP marks several new departures in the area of crossnational research • the collaboration between organisations is not ad hoc or intermittent, but routine and continual. • makes cross-national research a basic part of the national research agenda of each participating country • by combining a cross-time with a cross-national perspective, two powerful research designs are being used to study societal processes. www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Study Profiles http: //www. gesis. org/en/data_service/issp/data/index. htm • • • 2008 - Religion III 2007 - Leisure and Sports 2006 - Role of Government IV 2005 - Work Orientations III 2004 - Citizenship 2003 - National Identity II 2002 - Family and Gender Roles III 2001 - Social Relations and Support Systems ('Social Networks II') 2000 - Environment II 1999 - Social Inequality III 1998 - Religion II 1997 - Work Orientations II 1996 - Role of Government III • • • 1995 - National Identity 1994 - Family and Changing Gender Roles II 1993 - Environment 1992 - Social Inequality II 1991 - Religion 1990 - Role of Government II 1985/1990 - Role of Government I and II 1989 - Work Orientations 1988 - Family and Changing Sex Roles 1987 - Social Inequality 1986 - Social Networks and Support Systems 1985 - Role of Government www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Methodological characteristics • The sample is a national representative random sample of the adult population, designed to achieve a minimum of 1, 000 cases. • Documented data files of each national group, together with technical details of the survey methods, are to be sent to the Data Archive without delay. The Data Archive will offer individual national datasets as well as a combined dataset to the scientific community. • Mode of interviewing: personal interview, face to face or by telephone, self-completed drop-off, mail www. europeansocialsurvey. org

ISSP Methodological Research • The ISSP Methodology Group consists currently of actually five groups working on different areas of cross-cultural methods, all concerned with issues of equivalence: – – – translation mode effects demographic comparability non-response questionnaire design www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Slovenia is officially contributing to ISSP project since the independence, 1990 • Part of a research project Slovene public opinion survey conducted by Public opinion and mass communication research centre, University of Ljubljana • 15 thematic modules of ISSP bring Slovenia into a world map with potentials of cross-country and longitudinal comparative analysis • Research infrastructure – publication output is broader then members of a research team only • Ad hoc financial support inside basic research projects and program scheme does not correspond to a infrastructure character of ISSP – there is a risk of failing to fulfil obligations of membership in international collaboration www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Type of survey General survey social Applied public opinion research Minicensus European Quality of Life Survey Typical representative ESS, ISSP Eurobarometer Main purpose Advanced social science research Informing political decisions Science, education EU Scientific institutes, nationalresearch projects EU commission Target users (nonexclusive) Support, organisation daily Commission, national governments www. europeansocialsurvey. org Societal benchmarking Governmental and nongovernmental organisations National governmental and international organisations

Tuji arhivi družboslovnih podatkov in specializirani projekti • • • CESSDA - Council of European Social Science Data Archives CSES - The Comparative Study of Electoral System EES - European Election Studies ESS - European Social Suvey EVS - European Values Study FFS - Fertility and Family Surveys ICPSR – The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research IFDO – International Federation of Data Archives ISJP - International Social Justice Project ISSP - International Social Survey Programme Volivne raziskave Vzhodne Evrope - Wahlstudien aus Osteuropa www. europeansocialsurvey. org

ESS/ISSP Data Access • http: //zacat. gesis. org • http: //ess. nsd. uib. no/ • janez. stebe@fdv. uni-lj. si www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Dostop do drugih mednarodnih mikropodatkov • http: //www. esds. ac. uk/International/access/ micro. asp • http: //www. esds. ac. uk/International/access/ key. Datasets. asp www. europeansocialsurvey. org

• Preostanek je namenjen predstavitvi Arhiva družboslovnih podatkov in iskanju ter naročanju podatkov www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Naloge Arhiva • Poizvedovanje in pridobivanje podatkov • Ravnanje s podatki • Posredovanje in razširjanje podatkov uporabnikom www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Viri podatkov • Akademski raziskovalni projekti • Po naročilu vlade (npr. PB), iz virov Statističnega urada, • Tržne in javnomnenjske raziskave (Mediana, CATI, Gral – Iteo), • Iz tujih arhivov www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Splošni pogoji in omejitve uporabe • Podatki se izročijo samo za določen namen • Uporabnik se zavezuje skrbeti za takšno ravnanje s podatki, da je ohranjena tajnost podatkov • Seznanjena uporaba (upošteva metodološka in konceptualna izhodišča ter omejitve raziskave) • Citiranje podatkov po modelu navajanja literature www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Kako do podatkov? Preko predstavitvene strani ADP na Internetu http: //www. adp. fdv. uni-lj. si/ www. europeansocialsurvey. org

www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Poglejmo kako izgleda opis raziskave v primeru raziskave Slovensko javno mnenje 2002/2: “Evropska družboslovna raziskava”. www. europeansocialsurvey. org

www. europeansocialsurvey. org

METODOLOGIJA (podatki o raziskavi) • • Datum zbiranja podatkov Geografsko pokritje / enota Enota za analizo Populacija Tip vzorca Uteževanje Način zbiranja podatkov www. europeansocialsurvey. org

Nesstar je virtualna podatkovna knjižnica, ki omogoča iskanje, lociranje, pregledovanje in snemanje mnogo raznovrstnih statističnih in drugih podatkov in metapodatkov. www. europeansocialsurvey. org