Jan Roscoe Publications OCR Examinations AS Level Physical Education H 154 AS Module Section C Socio-Cultural Studies relating to participation in physical activity Part 6: Contemporary Sporting Issues - Funding - Bodies Promoting Participation
OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Funding of Physical Activity 3 Public Funding 5 Acquiring Public Funding 6 Private Funding 7 Acquiring Private Funding 8 Voluntary Funding 9 Acquiring Voluntary Funding 10 Bodies influencing & promoting participation 11 UK Sport 12 National Institutes of Sport 14 English Institute of Sport 15 Scottish Institute of Sport 16 Sports Institute for Northern Ireland 17 Sports Council for Wales 18 Home country organisations 19 Sport England 20 Sport England’s main mission 21 Sport England’s Primary Scheme 22 Sports Council Northern Ireland 23 Sportscotland 24 Sports Council for Wales 25 Current government departments & initiatives 26 DCMS 27 The work of the Youth Sport Trust (YST) 28 National Junior Sports Programmes 29 4 main strands of National Junior Sports Programme 30 index previous next - Index Sports Development Officers 31 Sportscoach. UK 32 National Governing Bodies - NGB’s 33 The PESSCL Strategy 34 How is the PESSCL Strategy being delivered? 35 What’s happening in schools? 38 How are links between schools and clubs being made? 39 How will this help to develop talented athletes? 40 The progression to elite performance in sport 41 Sportsmark/Activemark/Sports Partnership Mark 42 Sportsmark/ Activemark/Sports TASS 43 Government policies for elite talent development 44 Provisions available to individual performers 45 Why might an athlete/person not make full use of the facilities and services 46 Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 2
Funding OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Funding of Physical Activity index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 3
Funding OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Funding Sport costs money – both for players and clubs/companies. In order to fund the sports industry, clubs, players and companies can tap into a variety of financial sources. These sources fit into 3 main sectors: Private Public Voluntary index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 4
Funding OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Public Funding This is money acquired by local councils or authorities. The money they source is used to provide services & facilities for local people. These facilities & services may include leisure centres, swimming pools and sports activities for the community. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 5
Funding OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Acquiring Public Funding Council tax – this is the main source of funding, and comes from charges made to all local residents. Money from the central government. Money from charges made to the public to use leisure facilities like sports halls. Money borrowed from banks – perhaps to build a new facility. Local authorities can also apply to receive National Lottery funding. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 6
Funding OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Private Funding This is funding provided by national and local businesses to run sporting operations on a commercial basis. This could include a professional football team, or a private gym. The money goes towards the expenses of the club, buying new players, or improving the facilities within a gym. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 7
Funding OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Acquiring Private Funding Selling shares on the stock exchange – however this can be a risky venture for the buyer if the club is unsuccessful. Ticket sales and kit sales – for the bigger Premier League clubs, this can amount to tens of millions of pounds! Private gyms raise money through membership fees. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 8
Funding OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Voluntary Funding Voluntary organisations include local amateur clubs run by their members. These types of clubs work on a ‘break even’ basis – not for profit. Members often work on a voluntary basis - without pay!! index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 9
Funding OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Acquiring Voluntary Funding National Lottery Funding – organisations can apply to receive funding to develop facilities. However, the club must raise an equal amount of funding too! Fund raising – e. g. raffles, social events, car boot sales. Local authority grants – the council may provide a club with the money for a new facility. Sponsorship – a local business may sponsor a team within the club. Membership fees – paid by club players. Grants & donations – clubs may be lucky enough to receive money from local people who have an interest in the club. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 10
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Bodies influencing & promoting participation in physical activity as part of a balanced, active & healthy lifestyle, the promotion of health, fitness and wellbeing and/or sporting excellence. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 11
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 UK Sport Who is UK Sport? Established in 1996. Works in partnership with home country sports councils & other agencies to deliver world class success. Accountable to Parliament through the DCMS. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 12
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 UK Sport What does UK Sport do? Work in partnerships to lead the UK to world class success. Manage & distribute public investments & National Lottery funds (which is more than £ 100 m a year). Bid for & stage major sporting events, increase sporting activity & influence overseas, promote sporting conduct & ethics, including the nation’s anti-doping programme. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 13
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 National Institutes of Sport There are 4 UK Sports institutes: – English Institute of Sport – Scottish Institute of Sport – Sports Institute Northern Ireland – Sports Council for Wales. All are supported by UK Sport. All aim to help top sports people win medals on the world stage. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 14
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 English Institute of Sport Nationwide network of world-class support services aimed at developing the talents of elite athletes. Funded via the Sport England Lottery fund. Nine regional centres of excellence. Services provided include sports medicine, physiology, biomechanics, psychology, training & coaching assistance and many more. There is also a Performance Lifestyle programme providing career & education advice. EIS currently has over 2000 athletes on it’s system. One of EIS’s current schemes is to involve more coaches at local levels. Through this, EIS hopes to ensure the development of more talented young performers. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 15
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Scottish Institute of Sport Based in Stirling, with 6 area institutes. Provides programmes & services for Scotland’s top athletes, as well as identification & nurturing of local talent through to national level. Funded by sportscotland Lottery Fund. Programmes include coach development, technical support, sports medicine, sports science, performance analysis & the Performance Lifestyle programme. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 16
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Sports Institute for Northern Ireland The Sports Institute for Northern Ireland is a partnership between the Sports Council for Northern Ireland the University of Ulster. Provides specialist services & facilities for sports people at the highest level in Northern Ireland. Services include strength & conditioning programmes, sports medicine, physiotherapy, sports science & Performance Lifestyle. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 17
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Sports Council for Wales Network of services offered to elite Welsh athletes. Provides world class facilities, sports science & medicine and lifestyle support. There are centres of regional development for bringing talented young athletes & skilled coaches together. Supported by Governing Bodies of Sport, funded by UK sport. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 18
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Home country organisations The Sports Councils are major parties in the delivery of the Government’s sporting objectives. Also act as a distributor of Lottery & Exchequer funds to elite sport. Main mission is to make the Home Nations successful and active as sporting nations. Sport England has invested £ 2 bn into sports in England since 1994. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 19
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Sport England Major party in the delivery of the Government’s sporting objectives. Also acts as a distributor of Lottery & Exchequer funds to sport. Main mission is to make sustain & increase participation in sport, as well as make England a successful sporting nation. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 20
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 How is Sport England aiming to achieve it’s main mission? Mission: ‘Promoting, investing in & advising on high quality sporting pathways which release potential. ’ (www. sportengland. org) This is being done through: Community sports activities Sports clubs (incl. competitive sport) Coaches & officiating Player pathways Volunteering Sports facilities index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 21
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Sport England’s Primary Scheme Start Stay Get people involved in sport in order to improve the health of the nation. This is particularly relevant to disadvantaged & under -represented groups. To ensure people remain in sport. This area also includes getting new coaches and volunteers involved & staying involved in sport. Succeed To improve the English infrastructure of elite development. Sport England hopes to improve England’s success on the world medal stage through this scheme. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 22
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Sports Council Northern Ireland Mission: Increase & sustain committed participation. Raise standards of sporting excellence. Key areas: Development of a new strategy for Sport in Northern Ireland. Working with Sports Institute for Northern Ireland, NGB’s & local authorities to develop LTAD models. Supporting the development of sports science, sports medicine and anti-doping programmes. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 23
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 sportscotland Mission ‘Helping to increase participation & improve performances in Scottish sport. ’ (www. sportscotland. org. uk) Key Areas Developing a sporting infrastructure of people, organisations & facilities. Creating effective sporting pathways for all people, of all ages. Embedding ethics & equity throughout sport. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 24
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Sports Council for Wales Mission To develop & promote sport & active lifestyles, to distribute funds from the National Lottery to sport. Key Areas ‘Climbing Higher’ – a strategy to increase frequency of participation by developing a portfolio of activities to achieve healthy levels of physical activity. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 25
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Current government departments & initiatives DCMS Youth Sport Trust Sports Coach UK NGB’s PESSCL Sportsmark/Activemark/Clubmark TASS index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 26
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 DCMS Aims: ‘To improve the quality of life for all through cultural & sporting activities, support the pursuit of excellence, and champion the tourism, creative & leisure industries. ’ (DCMS, 2005) ‘Achieving Excellence’ -increasing success in national & international competitions ‘Sport for All’ – aimed at increasing access for all Groups Sport competes alongside the arts, National Lottery, libraries, museums, galleries, broadcasting, films etc. index previous Responsible for the PESSCL strategy next Responsible for TASS initiative Gives major international events high priority – e. g. London 2012 Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 27
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 The work of the Youth Sport Trust (YST) Established in 1994, the YST is the UK’s newest sports agency. Takes responsibility for developing and improving youth sport in the UK. Runs initiatives under the title National Junior Sports Programmes. Assisted by government resources, as well as National Lottery funding. The YST has played large roles within TOPSPORT and sports college development. Equally, the YST teamed up with Nike to investigate and promote school-age female participation in sport. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 28
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 National Junior Sports Programmes Launched in 1996 by Sport England in association with the YST. Aims to encourage children from the age of 4 to participate in sport. Provides kit, coaching, facilities and talent ID for all youngsters involved. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 29
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 The 4 main strands of the National Junior Sports Programme Top Play – for 4 -9 year olds. Used as an introduction to basic movement skills. Top Sport – for 7 -11 year olds. Aims to develop sport specific skills. Champion Coaching – for talented performers within their own regions. Top Club – for 11 years and over. Performers are encouraged to specialise in specific sports/activities. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 30
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Sports Development Officers Increase community access to sport and provision Increase opportunity and provision Advise, support and provide resources to performers, coaches and clubs Promote Sport England’s Active Sports Programme Develop ‘Coaching for Teachers’ Organise sports festivals and courses Help set up clubs Advise on lottery and sports college applications index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 31
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Sportscoach UK Established in Leeds (as the National Coaching Foundation - NCF), in 1983. Aim to increase and improve the level of coaching in the UK. Works with Sports Councils across the country, NGBS, schools, FE & HE institutions, Awarding Bodies and many more. Provides a central resource of strategic & technical expertise, advice & support. Works with funding agencies to integrate coaching development into local authorities and sports agencies. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 32
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 National Governing Bodies - NGB’s Each sport has its own NGB which coordinates rules, competitions and officials. NGB’s must generate their own funding through advertising, sponsorship, affiliation fees, donations and home county sports councils (Sport England etc). NGB’s are also responsible for developing and promoting their sport at local and elite levels. This done via increased access, improved coaching and enhanced facilities. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 33
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 The PESSCL Strategy Launched April, 2003. £ 459 m is being injected. Aimed at promoting the delivery of high quality PE & school sport. Overall objective is ‘to increase the Overall objective is percentage of 5 -16 year olds who spend a minimum of 2 hours a week on high quality PE & school sport’ (DCMS, 2004). index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 34
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 How is the PESSCL Strategy being delivered? Through 8 different strands: Professional Development QCA (Qualifications and Curriculum Authority) & School Sport Investigation Gifted & Talented Step into Sport Swimming Club Links Sports Colleges School Sport Partnerships index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 35
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Professional Development £ 18 m programme, enabling schools to draw from a range of free resources such as videos, workshops, mentoring and training programmes QCA & School Sport Investigation QCA is working with schools to identify & promote best practice. An increase in results, attendance & progress in PE has been noted Gifted & Talented Aimed at recognising & developing young people with sporting talent. Junior Athlete Education (JAE) programme set up to support young athletes. Sports Colleges involved in staging Step into Sport Academies to improve fundamental skills Aimed at getting young people of talented 9 -12 year olds involved in both leadership & volunteering roles in sport. The programme liaises with LEA’s, NGB’s and sports partnerships index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 36
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Swimming Aimed at promoting and improving the delivery of swimming in schools. The scheme advises LEA’s on how to deliver swimming lessons effectively and how to get more children involved Club Links By 2006, the government hopes to have 20% of 5 -16 year olds involved in club sport on a regular basis. Links between schools & clubs are being fostered in order to promote this scheme Sports Colleges Schools which will receive increased funding for improving facilities & provision of high quality sports to children. These schools will act both as symbols of sporting excellence, and as much needed community facilities School Sport Partnerships Families of schools which will receive extra funding to improve and increase sports opportunities for all index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 37
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 What’s happening in schools? The PESSCL strategy also aims to improve the amount of high quality sports teaching students receive in schools. By doing this, schools become the ‘starter blocks’ for talent development. They also become responsible for recognising ability within students and thus encouraging and motivating them in the necessary direction. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 38
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 How are links between schools and clubs being made? In an attempt to improve Britain’s sporting prowess on the international field, the government hopes to improve on the number of young athletes who become affiliated to clubs. By fostering links between schools & clubs through the SSCo partnerships (School Sport Co-ordinator), children are more likely to know about which sporting opportunities in clubs are available to them. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 39
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 How will this help to develop talented athletes? Students will receive more quality coaching on top of their school hours of PE and School Sport. This means they are more likely to develop their skills in their chosen sport. Equally, young athletes are more likely to be picked up by the relevant development squads in order to progress to elite status. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 40
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 The progression from local levels to elite performance in sport National Training squads Training at National Sports Centres National Squad Financial Assistance Development squads Progression To Area levels Access to District/ County levels District Competitions Talent scouts, club coaching Training Affiliation to NGB’s Links to local clubs Early Activity In Schools index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 41
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Sportsmark/Activemark/Sports Partnership Mark Activemark An award given to schools if 90% or more of pupils across the school were doing at least 2 hours high quality PE and school sport a week. Sportsmark An award for schools where 90% or more of pupils across the school were doing at least 2 hours high quality PE and school sport a week. Sports Partnership Mark An award for partnerships, given if at least 90% of pupils across the partnership were doing at least 2 hours high quality PE and school sport each week. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 42
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 TASS Talented Athlete Sponsorship Scheme Government funded programme. Represents links between sport and HE/FE. Hopes to develop sporting talent and success in the 16 -25 year old range. Successful applicants for TASS scholarships will receive between £ 1000 and £ 3000 to assist with coaching and equipment costs, as well as educational expenses. TASS athletes also receive a package of core sporting services. These include coaching, sports medicine, sports science, strength & conditioning training and lifestyle management. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 43
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 How effective are Government policies for elite talent development? Local governments are responsible for provision of opportunity & provision for sport – even though it is the central government which decides upon what is to be done. Thus, there are differing amounts of provision in different areas. Equally, funding may differ from region to region. However, cohesion does occur amongst NGB’s and sports organisations to promote and develop sport within the UK. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 44
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 How are provisions made available to individual performers? Open days/’Come-and-try’ events. NGB/Sports Council events to promote mass participation in specific sports. Specific sports centres made available to all. School facilities open to the community at specific times. Facilities let to clubs/NGBs/voluntary organisations for coaching/competitive purposes. Activity services run by local authorities staff for young athletes. index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 45
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Why might an athlete/person not make full use of the facilities and services made available to them? Time Money Facilities index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 46
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Expected to train in free time Professional sport often requires athletes to train on a full-time basis Not enough training time to reach elite status NGB’s realising more training time is needed Schools of Excellence & some universities allow time for training index previous next Employers becoming aware of need for athletic employees to train Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 47
Bodies promoting participation Funding is difficult to obtain for some athletes OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 High subscription fees – particularly for low profile/ female sports Funding not enough for some athletes’ expenses Imbalance between private & public sector funding Lottery funding has increased – but is unevenly distributed Sponsorship more readily available for athletes Local Government provides funding for sports provision index previous next Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 48
Bodies promoting participation OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G 451 Not enough facilities for some sports Some facilities too far away Private sector facilities require membership fees Large increase in number of facilities Dual/joint use provision of facilities index previous next Attempts being made to provide facilities to minority and traditional sports Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6 . 49
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