James Bearman AJ Brinker Dean Bryson Brian Gershkoff

James Bearman AJ Brinker Dean Bryson Brian Gershkoff Kuo Guo Joseph Henrich Aaron Smith Daedalus Aviation Conceptual Design Review: “The Daedalus One” PROPRIETARY

Agenda Current Configuration Mission and Requirements Advanced Technologies Carpet Plots and Sizing Design Trade-Offs Structural Considerations Aerodynamics Performance Cost Logistics April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 2

Configuration Supercritical Airfoil Upper Surface Blown Flaps Geared Turbofans Lifting Canard Composite Structure Advanced Avionics April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 3

Current Configuration April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 4

Daedalus One Mission Provide a versatile aircraft with medium range and capacity to meet the needs of a commercial aircraft market still expanding in the year 2058 Incorporate the latest in technology to provide reliability, efficiency, while fulfilling the need for an environmentally friendly transportation system Possess the ability to operate at nearly any airfield April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 5

Mission Profiles • Mission One • Schaumburg to North Las Vegas • 1300 nmi • Mission Two • South Bend to Burbank • 1580 nmi • Mission Three • West Lafayette to Urbana-Champaign to Cancun • 1200 nmi • Mission Four • Minneapolis to LAX • 1330 nmi April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 6

System Requirements April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 7

Advanced Technologies Composites Stronger, lighter aircraft Artificial Intelligence/Automated Pilot Reduction in flight crew Automatic flight control, collision avoidance Fly by Light Weight savings over copper wire Faster response April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 8

Upper Surface Blowing Capability to increase CLmax to 7 Wing CLmax (clean) ≈ 1. 54 Takeoff CL (w/ upper surface blowing) ≈ 4 --Nicolai, Fundamentals of Aircraft Design, 1976 April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 9

Geared Turbofans The Geared Turbofan Current predictions say: “The Geared Turbofan engine will deliver a 12 percent reduction in fuel burn, 50 percent reduction in noise and emissions, and 40 percent reduction in maintenance costs over today's commercial engines. ” –www. pw. utc. com By 2038 we believe it will achieve over current technology: ▪ 30% reduction in fuel burn ▪ 75% reduction in noise and emissions ▪ 50% reduction in maintenance costs http: //www. flug-revue. rotor. com/FRHeft 07/FRH 0702/FR 0702 c 1. JPG April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 10

Geared Turbofans Thrust per engine - 25, 000 lbs SFC per engine - 0. 42/hour Fan Diameter - 8 ft. Bypass Ratio - 8 http: //www. flug-revue. rotor. com/FRHeft 07/FRH 0702/FR 0702 c 1. JPG April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 11

Environmental Impact Geared Turbofans reduce CO 2 produced by more than 12% compared to today’s engines Reduce cumulative noise levels about 20 d. B below the current Stage 4 regulations April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 12

Reliability & Maintainability Low wing with Geared Turbofans mounted at the leading edge Easy location for engine maintenance ▪ Geared Turbofan engines reduce maintenance costs by 40% over today's commercial engine No complicated powered lift devices April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 13

Carpet Plot Summary Generation Takeoff weight generated through RDS Initial starting point ▪ T/W=. 23 ▪ W/S=84 Carpet Plot Range ▪ T/W=0. 23 - 0. 414 ▪ W/S=84 - 160 Varied Wing Sweep (and saved 5, 000 lbs) April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 14

Carpet Plot Summary Constraints Used Fuel Burn per Seat-Mile Field Length with OEI Cruise Speed 0. 75 M Constraints Not Used Takeoff Ground Roll Field Length All Engines Operational Landing Ground Roll April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 15

Carpet Plots April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 16

Aircraft Sizing: Methodology Carpet Plots Approximated Design Point RDS Primary Method of Sizing MATLAB Code for Component Weight Breakdown April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 17

Aircraft Sizing: Mission Ta Cl keo i m ff b & Step Cruise For Best Range Descend & Hold Taxi iss - M ch b lim roa C pp A Land & Taxi Cruise Descend & Hold Land & Taxi Maximum Range Mission (1, 800 nmi) Typical Commercial Mission Profile Maximizes Aircraft Range Fuel Reserves (200 nmi) Extended Loiter Time Flight Diversion to Another Airport April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 18

Aircraft Sizing: Dimensions Input Parameters Weights W/S – 120 GTOW – 87, 100 lbs T/W – 0. 32 We – 34, 700 lbs AR – 14 Wf – 24, 600 lbs Λwing – 10° Payload – 27, 800 lbs λwing – 0. 4 We / Wo – 0. 40 (CL)TO – 4 Wf/ Wo – 0. 28 April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 19

Weight Group Breakdown Structures ~ 20, 000 lbs Propulsion ~ 8, 100 lbs Wing ~ 8, 300 lbs Engines ~ 7, 000 lbs Fuselage ~ 7, 200 lbs Fuel System ~ 900 lbs Canard ~ 600 lbs Systems ~ 200 lbs Vert. Tail ~ 600 lbs Landing Gear ~ 3, 300 lbs April 17, 2008 Equipment ~ 7, 000 lbs Controls ~ 2, 800 lbs Avionics ~ 2, 100 lbs PROPRIETARY 20

Historical Comparison Daedalus One April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 21

Final Configuration April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 22

Daedalus One Cabin Layout April 17, 2008 108 Seats, Single Class Seat Pitch: 32 in Seat Width: 20 in Aisle Width: 24 in 2 Galley Areas: 35 and 16 ft 2 2 Lavs: ~20 ft 2 PROPRIETARY 23

Selected Design Trade-Offs Initial design: High Wing Low Canard Current Design: Low Wing High Canard ▪ Reason: Landing gear placement, better accessibility for ground service, easier to maintain with lower wing Wing Sweep Study: Result 10° Varied Sizing Based on 10° sweep and 20° sweep ▪ Reason: Find the most weight efficient aircraft Upper Surface Blowing Placed engines above the wings near leading edge ▪ Reason: Increase lift especially for takeoff and landing April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 24

Selected Design Trade-Offs Initial Design: Tri-tail Current Design: Single Tail ▪ Reason: Reduced weight, sizing proved 3 Tails not needed Forward Wing Extension ▪ Reason: Allows more fuel, helps move Center of Gravity forward Elliptical Fuselage ▪ Reason: Allow for more comfortable passenger cabin April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 25

Load Paths/Internal Layout April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 26

Load Paths/Internal Layout April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 27

Load Paths/Internal Layout April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 28

Wing Airfoil Selection Main Wing-Super Critical 20712 Representative (custom airfoil to be developed) Data obtained from analysis in Fluent 12% thick airfoil Allows for high cruise speed via controlling shock formation April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 29

Airfoil Performance: Wing Zero lift angle of attack ≈ -5° Max Cl ≈ 1. 7 Stall Angle ≈ 18° April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 30

Stabilizer Airfoil Selection Canard and Tail-Super Critical 20012 Data obtained from analysis in Fluent Symmetric airfoils are standard for vertical and horizontal tails April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 31

Airfoil Performance: Stabilizer Zero Lift Angle of Attack ≈ 0 ° Max Cl ≈ 1. 18 Stall Angle ≈ 15° April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 32

Flight Envelope Absolute Ceiling Service Ceiling Stall Limit April 17, 2008 q Limit PROPRIETARY 33

V-n Diagram April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 34

Weights, Balance & Stability GTOW W 0 f + reserves OWE + payload We + trapped fuel OWE We April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 35

Stability and Control Canard Scanard: 300 ft 2 Elevator Area Ratio: 1/3 AR: 4 Sweep: 15° Taper Ratio: 0. 4 April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 36

Stability and Control Vertical Tail Sized for One Engine Out at Takeoff Stail: 310 ft 2 Rudder Area Ratio: 1/3 AR: 2 Sweep: 15° Taper Ratio: 0. 4 April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 37

Cost Estimates RDT&E Cost: $24. 4 B USD (2008) Cost per aircraft: $49 M USD Sale Price: $54 M USD Break Even Point: 455 Aircraft Operating Cost: $11. 5 M USD/Yr $0. 0616/seat-mile USD Jet A: $2. 50/Gal April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 38

Lav Water Ground Operations Diagram Fuel Galley Electric Baggage Jetway April 17, 2008 Tow El ec tri c Baggage PROPRIETARY 39

Summary: Daedalus One 108 Passenger Capacity 1800 nmi Range 2700 ft Takeoff Ground Roll Affordable Acquisition Cost Reasonable Operational Cost April 17, 2008 Opens new markets Enhances service to existing markets Improves reliability and ease of air travel Allows air travel industry to expand beyond current limits PROPRIETARY 40

Operators are standing by…. PROPRIETARY

Drag Polar: Takeoff & Landing April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 42

Drag Polar: Cruise April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 43

Max Cruse Speed April 17, 2008 PROPRIETARY 44