ITU Standardization and its new Environment Victoria Falls

ITU Standardization and its new Environment Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 23 June 2004 by Houlin ZHAO Director Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) International Telecommunication Union, Geneva Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 - Switzerland Tel: +41 22 730 5851 Fax: +41 22 730 5853 E-mail: tsbdir@itu. int ITU Home page address: http: //www. itu. int TSB 1

1837 1844 Invention of the first electric telegraph Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine between Washington and Baltimore 1865 Foundation of the International Telegraph Union by twenty States 17 May with the adoption of the first Convention. First Telegraph Regulations. 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone 1924 1925 1927 1932 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee) Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee) Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee) Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to International Telecommunication Union 1947 1956 1992 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors: ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD ITU Landmarks TSB 2

Structure of the ITU TSB 3

"The functions of the Telecommunication Standardization Sector shall be, bearing in mind the particular concerns of the developing countries, to fulfill the purposes of the Union relating to telecommunication standardization, as stated in Article 1 of this Constitution, by studying technical, operating and tariff Questions and adopting Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis" Functions of ITU-T TSB 4

CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee): 1956 1 st Plenary Assembly 1960 2 nd Plenary Assembly Red Books 1964 3 rd Plenary Assembly Blue Books 1968 4 th Plenary Assembly White Books 1972 5 th Plenary Assembly Green Books 1976 1980 1984 1988 6 th Plenary Assembly 7 th Plenary Assembly 8 th Plenary Assembly 9 th Plenary Assembly Orange Books Yellow Books Red Books Blue Books ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecom. Standardization Sector): 1993 1 st World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-93), Helsinki 1996 2 nd World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-96), Geneva 2000 3 rd World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA-2000), Montreal CCITT and ITU-T TSB 5

- Workshop / forum - Focus Group - Joint Group - Project team Organizational Structure of ITU-T TSB 6

Study Group 2: Operational aspects of service provision, networks and performance Study Group 3: Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunications economic and policy issues Study Group 4: Telecommunication management, including TMN Study Group 5: Protection against electromagnetic environment effects Study Group 6: Outside plant Study Group 9: Integrated broadband cable networks and television and sound transmission Study Group 11: Signalling requirements and protocols ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG TSB 7

Study Group 12: End-to-end transmission performance of networks and terminals Study Group 13: Multi-protocol and IP-based networks and their internetworking Study Group 15: Optical and other transport networks Study Group 16: Multimedia services, systems and terminals Study Group 17: Data networks and telecommunication software SSG: IMT-2000 and Beyond TSAG: Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (Priorities: IP, Mobility, next generation, security, …) ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG TSB 8

Approval of new and revised Recommendations Sequence of events (TAP) TSB 9

(a) 4 weeks LC SG or WP Meeting Edited Text for LC Director’s Announcement and Posting for LC 3 weeks (b) Director’s Announcement and Posting (c) Comment Resolution Edited Text Available LC: AR: (a) (b) 3 weeks AR Director’s Announcement and Posting for AR SG Meeting (b) (a) Approved Director’s Notification Last Call Additional Review AAP Sequence of Events (extract from Rec. A. 8) TSB 10

• Questions (projects) • Contributions driven (normal contributions, delayed contributions, temporary documents) • face-to-face meeting: - debate, determination, approval of reports, approval of Questions - SG/WP meetings: decision making; Rapporteur meetings: develop texts • Decision = consensus, unanimous agreements • Recommendations (Amendments, Corrigenda, supplements) draft Recommendations, determined draft Recommendations approved Recommendations, pre-published Recommendations, published Recommendations • Implementor’s Guides • Meeting reports • Electronic submissions, web consultations, email, ftp • Paperless meeting – LAN/Wireless – LAN connections in meeting rooms Working methods TSB 11

Series A Organization of the work of the ITU-T Series B Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification Series C General telecommunication statistics Series D General tariff principles Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems Series I Integrated services digital network ITU-T Recommendations Series (1) TSB 12

Series J Transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals Series K Protection against interference Series L Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant Series M TMN and network maintenance: international transmission systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits Series O Specifications of measuring equipment Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks ITU-T Recommendations Series (2) TSB 13

Series Q Switching and signalling Series R Telegraph transmission Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment Series T Terminals for telematic services Series U Telegraph switching Series V Data communication over the telephone network Series X Data networks and open system communication Series Y Global information infrastructure and internet protocol aspects Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems ITU-T Recommendations Series (3) TSB 14

Best selling texts (in the order of download number from 09/01 -01/04): H. 248. x series H. 323 Z. 100 H. 263 G. 707 H. 262 H. 324 E. 164 M. 3100 H. 245 Q. 764 X. 680 G. 703 H. 223 G. 728 Q. 761 T. 38 Q. 762 G. 783 Q. 850 Q. 763 Q. 931 T. 30 G. 729 Some well-known ITU-T Recommendations: E. 190 E. 212 G. 655 G. 692 G. 720 G. 723 Annex A+disk G. 780 -series (SDH) G. 826 G. 957 G. 982 G. 990 -series (x. DSL) H. 248 H. 324 H. 450 I. 365 I. 432 I. 731 J. 112 J. 117 M. 3010 M. 3100 M. 3400 Q. 931 Q. 1700 -series (IMT-2000) T. 37 T. 38 V. 34 V. 44 V. 59 V. 90 X. 25 X. 36 X. 509 X. 680 -series (ASN. 1) Y. 1310 Y. 1540 V. 92 X. 690 X. 840 -series Best Sellers of ITU-T Recommendations 09. 2001 -01. 2004 TSB 15

Approval and publication time of Recommendations TSB 16

Three major items: - IP-related issues - IMT-2000 - Accounting rates Other items: - Multi-media, access networks (x. DSL), optical transmission, security, numbering and addressing, inter-operabilities, IPR, etc. ITU-T's main work areas TSB 17

Ø 7 k. Hz band - wideband (G. 722 -series) Ø 4 k. Hz band - analogue Ø 64 kbit/s - PCM, G. 711, 1972 Ø 32 kbit/s - ADPCM, G. 726 (1984, 1988), 1990 Ø 16 kbit/s - G. 728, 1992 Ø 8 kbit/s - G. 729, 1996 ITU-T’s work on voice coding TSB 18

Ø Classic facsimile Ø B/W still pictures (JBIG) T. 82, T. 83 Ø Cont. tone colour (JPEG) T. 81 Ø (JPEG-LS) T. 86 Ø (JPEG-2000) T. 800 (lossless) (G 3, G 4) T. 4, T. 6 ITU-T’s work on still picture coding TSB 19

Ø H. 261 - video coding at p x 64 kbit/s Ø H. 262 - generic video and audio coding Ø H. 263 - video coding for low bit rates Ø H. 264 - improved multimedia video coding (vs. MPEG-4) ITU-T’s work on moving picture coding TSB 20

622 Mbit/s OPTICAL ACCESS 50 Mbit/s VDSL 25 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s HDSL/ ADSL 2 Mbit/s 640 kbit/s ISDN Analog modems 128 kbit/s 9. 6 kbit/s 56. 6 kbit/s 28. 8 kbit/s 1989 Year 1997 Access network 2000 TSB 21

Ø E. 164 … Ø G. 707 (SDH), G. 709 (OTN), G. 764 (packetized voice protocoles), G. 99 x (x. DSL)… Ø G. 722 (7 k. Hz), G. 728 (16 kbit/s), G. 729 (8 kbit/s) (audio coding); H. 263, H. 264 (advanced video coding); Ø H. 248 (gateway), H. 323 (multimedia systems) … Ø I. 365 (FR), I. 432 (B-ISDN), I. 732 (ATM) … Ø J. 112 (Cable TV), J. 16 x + J. 17 x (IPCablecom) … Ø M. 3120 (CORBA for TMN) … Ø Q. 933 (DSS 1), Q. 1300 (TASC), Q. 1930 (BICC), Q. 27 xx (B-ISDN), Q. 29 xx (DSS 2) … Ø T. 37, T. 38 (IPfax), T. 12 x (multimedia conference) … Ø V. 29 (9. 6 K modem), V. 34 (34 kbit/s), V. 90/V. 92 (56 kbit/s) … Ø X. 25, X. 76 (FR), X. 85 (IP over SDH), X. 86 (Ethernet over LAPS), X. 121, X. 4 xx (MHS), X. 5 xx (Directory), particularly X. 509, X. 8 xx and X. 1000 (security), X. 9 xx (ODP) … Ø Y-series: dedicated to IP and GII Ø Z. 100 (SDL), Z. 14 x (TTCN), Z. 3 xx (MM languages), X. 68 x/X. 69 x (ASN. 1) … ITU-T’s products for IP-networks TSB 22

Ø Specified IMT-2000 systems and its spectrums Ø Interworking functions to be used with existing and evolving IMT-2000 systems Ø Convergence of fixed and existing IMT-2000 systems Ø New Generation of mobile systems ITU-T’s mobile communications TSB 23

Ø Quality of Service (Qo. S) Ø Numbering and routing Ø Security Ø Tariffs and Accounting rates Ø Interworking Ensuring global interoperability TSB 24

Administrations ROAs (63/461) U. S. A. 144 China SIOs (121/664) Associates (31/53) Members: 163 (65/832) Members: 189 Members: 173 Members: 82 FT 43 Nortel 95 Telekomunikacja Polska 38 NTT U. K. 55 China Telecom. Corp. 29 Germany 45 BT France 33 India e. Access 5 OFS Fitel 5 Alcatel 9+8+2+9+12+2+1 Opticom 3 27 Cisco Systems Swiss. Qual 3 Deutsche Telekom 26 Siemens 25+1+5 Telekom Srpske 3 32 KDDI 19 ETRI 29 ACCA Networks 2 Brazil 31 Bharat Sanchar Nigam 18 Huawei Tech. 25 AULM 2 Syrian Arab Rep. 30 Telenor ASA 17 Lucent Tech. Electri. PHY 2 Italy 29 AT & T 14 L. M. Ericsson Harris 2 Canada 26 NTT Do. Co. Mo 14 ZTE Octasic Semicond. 2 Japan 25 Telecom Italia 13 Infineon Okinasa Photonics 2 Korea (Rep. of) 22 Telia. Sonera 13 NEC 12 Telchemy 2 Russian Federation 20 BELGACOM 11 Fujitsu 11 Teraburst Networks 2 Total: 371 (56%) 587(70%) 282 (61%) 29+12+12 47 + 3 34 12+9+1+2 21+1 21 13+1+1+1 Total: Top Members participation (2003) 35 (66%) TSB 25

Country Number of Delegates China 95 India 32 Brazil 31 Syrian Arab Republic 30 Korea (Rep. of) 22 Hungary 15 Israel 15 Australia 14 Thailand 13 Mexico 12 Switzerland 11 Ukraine 11 Total: 321 Top attendees, except G 8 countries, Administrations, 2003 TSB 26

. Number of Delegates Country Telekomunikacja Polska. Company 38 Poland China Telecommunications Corp 29 China Bharat Sanchar Nigam 18 India Telenor ASA 17 Norway Telia. Sonera 13 Sweden BELGACOM 11 Belgium Community of Yugoslav PTT 10 Serbia and Montenegro Swisscom 10 Switzerland Telekom Austria 10 Austria China Unicom 7 China Mobile Comm. Corp 6 China KT Corporation 6 Korea (Rep. of) Total: 184 Top attendees, except G 8 countries, ROAs, 2003 TSB 27

Company Number of delegates Country ETRI 29 Korea (Rep. Of) Huawei Technologies 25 China L. M. Ericsson 21 Sweden ZTE 21 China Samsung Electronics 10 Korea (Rep. Of) ITEK 9 Denmark Lucent Tech. Nederland 9 Netherlands Nokia Corporation 9 Finland Alcatel Bell 8 Belgium Tellabs Oy 8 Finland Matalink 5 Israel Actelis Networks 3 Israel GIGA Ap. S 3 Denmark Total: 160 Top attendees, except G 8 countries, SIOs, 2003 TSB 28

Number of Delegates Country Swiss. Qual 3 Switzerland Telecom Srpske AULM 3 Bosnia and Herzegovina Switzerland ASTRI 1 RAD Data Communications 1 China Israel Transmode Systems 1 Sweden Tyco Electronics Raychem 1 Belgium Company 2 Total: 12 Top attendees, except G 8 countries, Associates, 2003 TSB 29

Ø TAF meetings in Africa Region in 2001 -2004 Ø Director’s presence at WTDC-2002 regional preparatory meeting in Cameroon, 29 -31 May 2001 Ø ITU-T SG 12 meeting and workshop, Dakar, Senegal, 18 -26 October 2001, supported by Senegal and ITU Area Office in Dakar Ø ITU-T Workshop in Botswana, 24 -26 July 2002 (100 participants from 14 African countries) Ø Director’s presence at Telecom Africa: - 12 -16 November 2001, Johannesburg, South Africa - 4 -8 May 2004, Cairo, Egypt Ø Seminar on Impact of Electromagnetic Field Emissions, Kampala, Uganda, 3 -5 September 2003 Ø ITU Seminar on Standardization, Accra, Ghana, 27 -28 May 2004 ITU-T/TSB activities in Africa TSB 30

Ø 20 Sector Members from 13 countries (Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Togo, Zimbabwe) Ø 4 regional organizations (ATU, COPTAC, LAS, SATA, URTNA) Ø Increasing participation to SG activities, but still very low level (except for SG 3) Vice-Chairmen from Africa TSAG: Mr. A. Zourmba (Cameroon) SG 3: Mr. H. K. Hamani (Niger) SSG: Mr. P. F. Masambu (Uganda) Tariff Group for Africa (TAF): Chairman: Mr. M. Ndaro (Kenya) Vice-Chairmen: Mr. E. Elop (Cameroon) Mr. M. Traore (Mali) Mr. A. Akue-Kpakpo (Togo) African involvement with ITU-T TSB 31

Study Group Countries (number of participants) SG 2 Burundi (1), Cameroon (3), Comoros (3), Tanzania (1) SG 3 Burkina Faso (5), Burundi (2), Cameroon (2), Gabonese Rep. (2), Gambia (2), Ghana (1), Kenya (2), Mali (4), Mauritania (1), Niger (2), Senegal (2), Sudan (2), Tanzania (2), Togolese Rep. (1), Uganda (1) SG 6 SG 11 Côte d’Ivoire (1) Burkina Faso (2), Kenya (1), Nigeria (1), Sudan (2) SG 12 Burundi (1) SG 13 Cameroon (2), Senegal (1), Tanzania (1) SG 15 Kenya (1) SG 16 Cameroon (1) SG 17 Kenya (2), Sudan (2) SSG Cameroon (2), Kenya (1) TSAG Botswana (1), Gabonese Rep. (1), Kenya (1), South Africa (3), ATU (1) Participation of African countries in ITU-T study group meetings – 2002 TSB 32

Study Group Countries (number of participants) SG 2 Burundi (1), Cameroon (4), Comoros (1), Kenya (1), Tanzania (2) SG 3 SG 4 Burkina Faso (1), Burundi (2), Cameroon (7), Gabonese Rep. (6), Gambia (3), Kenya (1), Mali (3), Mauritius (2), Nigeria (2), Senegal (2), South Africa (2), Sudan (2), Tanzania (2), Togolese Rep. (2), Uganda (1) Kenya (2) SG 6 Gabonese Rep. (2), Kenya (2) SG 12 Kenya (2) SG 13 Cameroon (1), Tanzania (1) SG 17 Kenya (1) SSG Cameroon (1), Gambia (1), Kenya (1), Uganda (1) TSAG Botswana (1), Cameroon (2), Gabonese Rep. (1), Ghana (1), Sudan (2), Tanzania (1) Togolese Rep. (1), ATU (2) Participation of African countries in ITU-T study group meetings – 2003 TSB 33

Ø International SDOs: ISO, IEC, WSC; ISO/IEC JTC 1 Ø Regional SDOs: ATIS, TIA, TSACC, TTA, TTC, ARIB, CCSA, ETSI, ACIF, GSC Ø For internet: IETF/ISOC, ICANN, cc. TLDs, etc. Ø Many Forums/SDOs: such as IEEE, 3 GPPs, ATM, TMF, … Ø Regional Telecom organizations: APT, ATU, CITEL, RCC, CEPT, ETNO, … Ø etc… International Cooperation TSB 34

A. 4 A. 5 A. 6 ASN. 1 Consortium ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses) ARIB ATM Forum ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions) ATIS ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) ATM Forum CEA (Consumer Electronics Association) DSL Forum ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) CCSA ETIS (e-and telecommunication info. services) CCSA (China Communications Standards Assoc. ) ECMA IMTC (Multimedia) DSL Forum ETSI IPDR Organization ECMA Standardizing Information & Communication Systems IEEE IPv 6 Forum ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) JCTEA MEF (Metro Ethernet Forum) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) NIST MPLS/Frame Relay Alliance ISOC/IETF (Internet Society/Internet Engineering Task Force) SCTE MSF (Multiservice Switching Forum) JCTEA (Japan Cable Television Engineering Association) SMPTE (Soc. of Motion Picture and T. V. Eng. ) OASIS MEF (Metro Ethernet Forum) TIA OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum) MPLS/Frame Relay Alliance TTA OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) TTC OMG (Object Management Group) OASIS SDL Forum Society OIF SDL Task Force Consortium OMA TM Forum (Tele Management Forum) OMG W 3 C (World Wide Web Consortium) SCTE (Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers) TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) TM Forum TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association) TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee) W 3 C Members for Rec. A. 4, A. 5 and A. 6 Forums/SDOs TSB 35