ITU / BDT Regional Network Planning Workshop with Tool Case Studies for the Arab Region Cairo - Egypt, 16– 27 July 2006 Network Architectures for Planning and Technological alternatives. NGN: What and How Oscar González Soto ITU Consultant Expert Strategic Planning and Assessment July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S.
Network Architectures and NGN Content • Modeling of the network by layers and segments for planning purposes • Technology solutions for Access and Core architectures • NGN: What and how July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 2
Network Architectures and NGN Network Modeling • High complexity of the whole Network requires a modeling and splitting in subnetworks to facilitate analysis and design. • By Layers in a vertical dimension following the client-server relation (one layer is supported in the layer below and provides resources for the layer up). Physical, Transmission, Switching, etc. • By Segments or splitting of the end to end communication into subareas as customer premises, access, core national, core international • By Technologies or underlying technique as PDH, SDH, PSTN, ATM, IP, NGN, GSM, 3 G, Wi. MAX, etc. . . • Network Planning follows the same splitting or partitioning to allow treatment of the problems and adaptation to associated July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 3
Network Architectures and NGN Topologies • Meshed (direct connection among nodes) • Fully (for all network nodes) • Partial (with limited connectivity) • Ring • Single, Multiple, Folded • Star • Tree • Linear • Combined July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 4
Network Architectures and NGN Access Network: Wireline Typical Access Network structure: (classical) <40 km mean value ~1, 7 km mean value ~300 m (50 % <1, 2 km, 90 % <3, 7 km) (50 % <200 m, 90 % <500 m) branching cables main cable July 2006 SDF . . NTBA ISDN basic rate FDF Local Exchange SDF MDF FDF SDF drop line FDF . . MDF Regional Exchange . . SDF Main Distribution Frame Feeder Distribution Frame Subscriber Distribution Frame SDF drop line . . ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 5
Network Architectures and NGN Access Network: Wireline Evolution: FTTx Typical Access Network evolution towards BB and Convergence Local: ~ 40 km Distribution: mean value ~1, 7 km Drop: mean value ~300 m branching cables FO Optical Interface LEX/GW LEX GW MDF DLC SDF FO . DLC SDF . . SDF drop line . . . SDF DLC drop line NTBA . . Local Exchange Gateway Main Distribution Frame Digital Loop Carrier Subscriber Distribution Frame Fiber Optic DLC July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 6
Network Architectures and NGN Access Network: x. WIP Point-tomultipoint END USER Mux POC AU-RE SU-RT SU AU E 3 SU: Subscriber Unit SU-RT: Subscriber Unit Outdoor Unit SU-NI: Subscriber Unit Indoor Unit POI SDH / ATM/ IP BS ACCESS July 2006 10 Base. T Border router BAS POP 10 Base. T Z SU-NI Transport SDH/ADM IP EDGE BS: Base Station AU: Access Unit AU-RE: Radio Front-end MGW: Media Gateway SS 7 Aggregation BS traffic (ATM/SDH) or IP POC: Point of Concentration POP: Point of presence POI: Point of Interconnection BAS: Broadband Access Server ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. MGW Other Networks PSTN/ISDN IP Internet CORE Note: The current Network description shows the ATM approach (BAS is needed). A fully IP scenario is also feasible (BAS is not needed) 7
Network Architectures and NGN Access Network: HFC Analog/Digital broadcasting Coax Access Network TV Controlled IP Network TV Set Top Box FN TV Head-end Amplifiers & Taps PC Vo. D CMTS FIBER RING (Redundant) Cable Modem Hub Internet Gateway IN V 5 E 1. 2 Voice Circuit Switch PSTN Hub MTA 400 Homes / Fiber Node MTA: Multimedia Terminal Adapter FN: Fiber Node CMTS: Cable Modem Termination System Vo. D: Video on Demand IN: Intelligent Network July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 8
Network Architectures and NGN Access Network: x. DSL ISAM MDF TV Set Top Box PC x. DSL Modem Copper Local Loop < d km * Controlled IP Network BAS IP mode network ATM Splitter MDF DSLAM PSTN SS 7 IN Voice Circuit Switch * Bandwidth/distances per solution ADSL: up to 4/8 Mbps/800 kbps d <= 3/1, 5 km ADSL plus: up to 4/ 8 Mbps/800 kbps d <= 4. 5/2, 1 km SHDSL: up to 2. 3 Mbps symmetric d <= 1. 8 km VDSL: up to 52 Mbps Assym/ 26 Mbps Sym d <= 300 m (In all cases, higher distances imply less bitrate following bandwidth shape curve) July 2006 MDF: Main Distribution Frame DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer IN: Intelligent Network BAS: Broadband Access Server ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 9
Network Architectures and NGN Access Network : Multiservice Nodes Any network Residential Ethernet Regional Ring/Network Internet ISAM Business Central Office Residential dispersed ADM PDH DLC ISDN/4 x. E 1/STM-1/STM-4 Access Ring POP Nx 2 Mb/s (optical or HDSL) Business Area SDH DLC ISDN/4 x. E 1/STM-1 SDH Hub Business Park STM-1 LL PDH DLC Residential July 2006 BAM Business Residential Multitenant DLC: Digital Loop Carrier ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 10
Network Architectures and NGN Access Network : FTTU Central Office or Remote Terminal Fiber Distribution Passive Outside Plant 20 km MS P-OLT 1490 nm 1310 nm 622 Mb/s >> Splitters << 155 Mb/s H-ONT 1550 nm V-OLT FTTU: Fiber to the User ONT: Optical Network Termination OLT: Optical Line Termination July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 11
Network Architectures and NGN: Technological alternatives at core Scenario A Circuit based Scenario B Packet based Managed Dark Fiber Lambda Bandwidth Multiservice ATM/FR/IP ATM VPN, IP VPN IP Ethernet ptp Internet Gbit access IP VPN LAN to LAN connection Gig. E, 10/100 BT Ficon, Escon, Fibre Ch. . ATM/FR SDH Optical switching IP Routing Ethernet Gig. E DWDM equipment Optical fiber Physical Infrastructure July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 12
Network Architectures and NGN Multi-Layering in Transport: Introduction of WDM Services Layer Delivery of services to end users SDH/SONET Layer ADM ADM DXC ADM ADM ADM High-speed protection and restoration Time division multiplexing Time slot grooming ADM Optical Layer r M WDM fiber OADM for linear links July 2006 OADM WD OXC WDM fiber OADM e fib OADM OXC for mesh networks OADM for ring networks ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. Wavelength division multiplexing High-level protection and restoration Dynamic transport reconfiguration
Network Architectures and NGN: Evolution towards NGN concept • A multi-service network able to support voice, data and video • A network with a control plane (signaling, control) separated from the transport/switching plane • A network with open interfaces between transport, control and applications • A network using packet technology ( IP) to transport of all kind of information • A network with guaranteed Qo. S for different traffic types and SLAs July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 14
Network Architectures and NGN: Evolution towards NGN layers Legacy Network Signaling/Service Network Independent Services Legacy Network Media July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 15
Network Architectures and NGN: Evolution towards NGN : Why • Flexibility for service building and offering • Expectation of cost reductions by sharing infrastructure and systems • Simplification of O&M, thus lowering OPEX. • Use of open interfaces leads for: - quick deployment of services and applications - new services (third parties) July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 16
Network Architectures and NGN Modeling issues for NGN and 3 G – New models to represent multiservice flows – New dimensioning methods for resources handling multimedia services with Qo. S – New measurement procedures for aggregated multiservice traffics – New multicriteria dimensioning for 3 G and x. G combining coverage by frequency, service speed and data traffic capacity – Which procedures to ensure interoperability and end-to-end performance across multiple domains? – Which units to define dimensioning and costing units for interconnection? July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 17
Network Architectures and NGN Qo. S and Performance Issues • Quality of Service (Qo. S) domains to be modeled, defined and/or extended for NGN and 3 G. Measured in waiting time and/or loss probabilities • Domains for Qo. S evaluation: - Service accessibility: capability to access a service - Connection establishment: Capability to get connection - Information transfer: Quality of information delivery - Reliability: Failure probability - Availability: Probability of system being active - Survivability: Capability to provide service in abnormal conditions - Security: Information and systems protection level - Qualitative: Intelligibility, audibility, visualization. . . of information content as derived from user perception (MOS) July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 18
Network Architectures and NGN Traffic flow types for Qo. S based dimensioning – T 1) Qo. S constant stream: bandwidth transmission at a constant speed with a specified delivery and jitter (ie: video distribution) – T 2) Qo. S variable stream : bandwidth transmission at a variable speed derived from a user information and coding algorithm which requires guaranteed quality and specified jitter (ie: Vo. IP, Video streaming, audio streaming, etc. ) – T 3) Qo. S elastic: bandwidth transmission at a variable speed without jitter restrictions and asynchronous delivery (ie: browsing, file transfer, mail, UMS, etc. ) July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 19
Network Architectures and NGN Traffic units for aggregated flows Proposal of NGN units in multiservice networks/interfaces for demand/dimensioning/costing : – Equivalent Sustained Bit Rate (ESBR) or aggregated equivalent rates for same Qo. S category flows efficiently carried in a common reference busy period (ie. 5 minutes) – Computed as weighted average for the services at Qo. S category (i) and customer classes (j) at each network element: ∑i ∑j ESBRij July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 20
Network Architecture and NGN Existing networks and architecture NMC • 5 different network types to handle telecom services SCP IN SS 7 • TDM for fixed and mobile networks working in circuit mode with end to end reserved paths Mob LEX/TEX NAS TDM Data ATM/IP LEX PCM RSU POTS MUX/DSLAM • SS 7 and IN networking with message switching mode • Data networking with leased lines and packet mode with different and conventional IP protocols ISDN HDSL/XDSL July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 21
Network Architecture and NGN Existing networks and architecture TRANSIT NETWORK NATIONAL LAYER REGIONAL LAYER • Hierarchical topology with 4 to 5 layers, connectivity to the upper next layer and within each layer as a function of economical optimization • Number of nodes as a function of O/D traffic and nodes capacity LEX LAYER RU LAYER customers LAYER July 2006 • Service handling for media, signaling and control at all exchange nodes • Carrier grade quality with well defined Qo. S criteria and standardized engineering rules ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 22
Network Architecture and NGN Architecture migration: Topology What changes from current scenario towards target network ? NMC OSS SCP IN SS 7 Softswitch Control Mob Services Distributed Switching Transport/Media LEX/TEX NAS TDM Data ATM/IP LEX Packet Network IP/MPLS/CAC Access gateway RSU Trunk gateway Other Networks Access gateway DSL PCM POTS Access gateway MUX/DSLAM ISDN Wireless gateway DLC HDSL/XDSL July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 23
Network Architectures and NGN Unified IMS/TISPAN Model for Mobile and Fixed What is IMS? • Concept: – Application of 3 GPP’s IMS architecture and protocol extensions for fixed networks • Key actors: Why IMS ? • • • – Operators – ETSI, TISPAN, VASA, ITU-T – Equipment vendors • • • Timeline: – ETSI NGN Globalisation Group, with potential launch mid 2004 July 2006 • Rational for mobile networks Deliver person-to-person real-time IPbased multimedia communications – Person-to-person, person-tomachine Fully integrate real-time with non-realtime multimedia communications. – i. e. , live streaming and chat Enable different services and applications to interact Easy user setup of multiple services in a single session, or multiple synchronized sessions Operators have better control of service value chain – End-to-end Qo. S ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 24
Network Architectures and NGN Simplified IMS/TISPAN Architecture Third Party Applications Application Server MRF Application Layer OSP HSS OMP Call & Session Control Layer Serving-CSCF & PSTN Emulation Proxy-CSCF Media Layer Transport & Access Layer July 2006 GGSN SGSN A-BGF 3 G/2. 5 G BB Access (SIP) IBCF I-BGF Other IP/SIP ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. AGCF MGCF AGW PSTN (C 5) MGF PSTN (C 4) PLMN 25
Network Architectures and NGNNGNNGN Smooth migration to to Smooth migration Evolution towards NGN Current end to end architecture IN SSP RCP PSTN Class 4 DS Data Mux PSTN Class 5 Multiservice Node Subscriber unit Internatinal Core Edge Access Customers July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 26
Network Architectures and NGN: Evolution towards NGN Target end to end architecture for NGN Softswitch Optical NGCR NGER International Core AGW Associated TK GW Multiservice node Core MM Subscriber unit Edge Access Customers July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 27
Network Architecture towards NGN Architecture Evolution: Topology Topological changes impact on infrastructure and are slower to implement than technology substitution • Less network nodes and links due to the higher capacity of systems (one order of magnitude). • Same capillarity at access level due to identical customer location • Topological connectivity higher for high capacity nodes and paths for security • High protection level and diversity paths/sources in all high capacity systems, both at functional and physical levels July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 28
Network Architectures and NGN: Cost drivers and trends • Network physical infrastructure as a function of location and density (costs proportion around 70% in the access segment) • Volume of customers per category • Bandwidth demand per origin/destination • Packet processing rates for control related functions • Variety of applications/services and related platforms • Content storage and location within the network • Leasing of physical or communication resources Fundamental importance of economies of scale by volume and convergence at network resources, service platforms and OSS July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 29
Network Architectures and NGN: Cost drivers and trends Cost trends for NGN • Cost reduction in CAPEX due to technological economy of scale by larger capacities • Similar values for costs in the physical civil infrastructure • OPEX in NGN trends to be lower due to the integrated operation and maintenance • Plan higher investments in security/survivability with diversity paths and protection for large capacity systems Check and validate correct cost modelling with fixed and variable components as a function of economy of scale July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 30
Network Architectures and NGN Summary Remarks • Multiservice flows impose a set of requirements on models and tools for NGN and 3 G. • Interoperability and interconnection require special effort to players and planners to ensure end-to-end performance • High number of new technologies and capabilities reinforce the need of solution mapping for each country scenario • Complexity of converged networks require the use of high quality support tools July 2006 ITU/BDT Network Architectures and NGN - O. G. S. 31
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