IT S STORY TIME UNIT 9 WORLD WAR

IT’S STORY TIME ! UNIT 9 WORLD WAR II 1931 -1945 Part 1 – America & the World Part 2 – World War II Begins Part 3 – The Holocaust Part 4 – America Enters the War Part 5 – Mobilizing For War Part 6 – The Early Battles Part 7 – Life on the Home Front Part 8 – Pushing the Axis Back Part 9 – The War Ends

PART 3 The HOLOCAUST 2

HOLOCAUST = MASS KILLING of millions of EUROPEAN JEWS & other GROUPS by the NAZIS Shoah = HEBREW for “catastrophe” = used specifically to refer to “the 3

NAZIS held = many groups in contempt including homosexuals, people w-disabilities, Gypsies & Slavic peoples Howeve r, reserved strongest = HATRED for… JEWS 4

GERMAN PUBLIC “SWEPT UP” in NAZISM NAZI PROPAGANDA & PAGEANTRY = well-coordinated PARADES, SPEECHES & MUSIC-SONG full of PATRIOTIC FERVOR 5

The ETERNAL JEW = GERMAN film in which JEWS are compared to RATS which carry typhus, cholera 6

“The JEW” PURVEYOR of WAR PROLONGER of WAR =ANTI- SEMITIC POSTER widely distributed throughout GERMANY 7

NUREMBERG LAWS Sept. 1935 NAZIS made targeting of JEWS GOVERN. = policy & deprived GERMAN JEWS of most of their RIGHTS as CITIZENS took CITIZENSHIP away from JEWISH GERMANS banned MARRIAGE between JEWS & other GERMANS of WORK that JEWS allowed limited KIND to do soon PASSPORTS of JEWS were marked w- red “J” 8

GERMANS… “DON’T BUY FROM JEWS !” GERMANS 9

NUREMBERG JEWS offending “RACIAL PURITY” 10

GERMAN JEWS Despite worsening conditions, many JEWS chose to remain in GERMANY during the early years of NAZI rule. Well integrated into GERMAN SOCIETY before this time, they were reluctant to leave & give up the lives they had built there. Many also thought that conditions would improve with time… 11 In fact, they soon became worse.

KRISTALLNACHT 12

GOEBBELS head of NATIONAL MINISTRY for PUBLIC ENLIGHTENMENT -- shaped PUBLIC OPINION-- = organized KRISTALLNACHT RIOTS ! GOEBBELS-NAZIS, however, = claimed DEMONSTRATIONS “SPONTANEOUS” ! 13

KRISTALLNACHT = NIGHT of TERROR during which JEWS were targeted 14

KRISTALLNACHT = NIGHT OF TERROR night of Nov. 9 -10, 1938 NOTE - later named KRISTALLNACHT “NIGHT of CRYSTAL GLASS” for all the shattered glass of synagogue & shop windows. during which… over 180 SYNAGOGUES & 7, 500 SHOPS looted, wrecked & burned 15 approx. 90 JEWS KILLED

“Yellow Star of David” on KRISTALLNACHT this “STAR” JEWS were forced to wear the “STAR” helped IDENTIFY JEWS 16

GESTAPO GERMAN government’s = SECRET POLICE arrested approx. 20, 000 WEALTHY JEWS without “OFFICIAL” CHARGES released only if AGREED to… EMIGRATE & SURRENDER ALL 17 POSSESSIONS

KRISTALLNACHT Q-16 signaled significant increase in the… = PUBLIC persecution PUBLIC ASSAULTS become OVERT & DANGEROU of JEWS by NAZIS 18

JEWISH REFUGEES try to FLEE From 1933 - when HITLER took power to 1938 - right before WWII begins the U. S. accepted over 100, 000 GERMAN JEWISH REFUGEES, more than any other single nation. Among them was 15 -yr-old Henry KISSINGER, who later became SECRETARY of STATE & a winner of the 19

ALBERT EINSTEIN ARRIVES in U. S. 1933 faced INSULTS in GERMANY for practicing… = although never (COMMUNISM) in “BOLSHEVISM actively practiced PHYSICS” JUDAISM, =aroused identified himself as a JEW proudly further ANGER of NAZIS for… = public support of ZIONISM - RIGHT 20

ALBERT EINSTEIN 1919 - gained INTERNATIONAL FAME for THEORY of 1921 - won RELATIVITY NOBLE PRIZE for PHYSICS 1933 - arrived in the U. S. a PACIFIST who ironically… saw his SCIENTIFIC IDEAS applied to creation of powerful & destructive weapon - the ATOMIC years devoted his final. BOMB to… PACIFISM “POLITICS are for the moment. 21 An EQUATION is for

OTTO FRANK = JEWISH BUSINESSMAN resettled family in AMSTERDAM in ANNE = 1933 FRANK Otto’s DAUGHT ER kept DIARY of her family’s life in hiding after NAZIS overran NETHERLANDS 22

By 1938… 1938 SEVERAL FACTORS limited JEWISH IMMIGRATION to U. S. NAZI ORDERS prohibited JEWS from taking more than $ 4 out of GERMANY U. S. LAWS restricted giving a VISA to anyone “likely to become a PUBLIC CHARGE. ” existing IMMIGRATION POLICY allowed only TOTAL of 150, 000 annually - with FIXED QUOTA from each COUNTRY LAW permitted NO EXCEPTIONS for REFUGEES or VICTIMS of PERSECUTION ! HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT rates in 1930’s also made IMMIGRATION politically 23

Q-17 As WAR loomed in 1939, 1 REASON that U. S. suspended JEWISH IMMIGRATION = HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES of 1930’s gave rise to FEAR of 24

VIEWPOINT of most AMERICANS re: IMMIGRATION = did NOT want to raise IMMIGRATION QUOTAS even to accommodate REFUGEES or VICTIMS of PERSECUTION 25

During the 1930’s, AMERICAN ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE (ADL) ADL FIGHT against… PREJUDICE cont. its = & DISCRIMINATION directed at JEWS 26 Q-18

Meanwhile, NAZI PROPAGANDA CHIEF Joseph announced… GOEBBELS = “if there is any country that believes it has not enough JEWS, I shall gladly turn over to it all our JEWS. ” HITLER also declared “ready to =himself… put all these criminals at the disposal of these countries… 27 even on luxury ships. ”

SS St. Louis On May 1939, 930 JEWISH entered the harbor in Havana, REFUGEES CUBAN GOVERN. refused allow REFUGEES to come ashore SHIP’s CAPTAIN steered SHIP in circles off coast of FLORIDA, awaiting officialdenied PERMISSION by U. S. , June 6 - permission to dock at U. S. PORT. SHIP turned back to EUROPE = MOST of JEWISH REFUGEES that had been onboard the SS St. Louis 28 died in the… NAZIS’ FINAL SOLUTION

WANNSEE CONFERENCE Where NAZI leaders met in 1942 determine the…of the to… “FINAL SOLUTION JEWISH QUESTION” = make PLANS for… PLAN… exterminating EUROPE’s JEWS more quickly & efficiently round up JEWS & take them to “EXTERMINATION FACILITIES” that were 29

the “FINAL SOLUTION” = refers to… the NAZIS’ PLANS to exterminate 30

CONCENTRATION CAMPS 31

DAUCHAU = in GERMANY 1933 -1945 1 st CONCENTRATI ON CAMP 32

BUCHENWALD = 1 of the first & largest CONCENTRATION built near CAMPS the town of WEIMAR in GERMANY PRISONERS worked 12 -hr. = over 200, 000 in 1937 SLAVE LABORERS in nearby shifts as… FACTORIES 33

Truckload of bodies at Buchenwald

AUSCHWITZ = NAZI EXTERMINATION CAMP in POLAND where 1, 600, 000 people died 1, 300, 000 (over 80% JEWS!) 300, 000 POLES, SOVIET prisoners-ofwar, & GYPSIES 35

AUSCHWITZ =more people were killed here than in any other camp 36

Children subjected to medical experiments in

VICTIMS of the HOLOCAUST 38

-QUOTE from Facing History and Ourselves “I looked at a bottom bunk and there I saw one man. He was too weak to get up, he could just barely turn his head. He was skin & bones. He looked like a skeleton & his eyes were deep set. 39 He didn’t utter a

SURVIVORS’ STORIES “If a bit of soup spilled over, prisoners would converge on the spot, dig their spoons into the mud, and stuff the mess into their mouths. ” = those too weak to work were killed. 40

“The brute Schmidt was our guard; he beat & kicked us if he thought we were not working fast enough. He ordered his victims to lie down & gave them 25 lashes with a whip, ordering them to count out loud. If a victim made a mistake, he was given 50 lashes. 30 to 40 of us were shot everyday. A doctor usually prepared a daily list of the weakest men. During the lunch break they were taken to a nearby grave & shot. They were replaced the following morning by new arrivals. ” 41

Genocide 42

“Never shall I forget these things… things Never. ” Never Elie Wiesel 43

During the HOLOCAUST, HOLOCAUST the NAZIS killed… killed TOTAL = of 11 million PEOPLE 6 million of those were JEWS 44