Is China s Africa Policy a Win-Win Strategy ANGOLA

Is China’s Africa Policy a Win-Win Strategy? ANGOLA A Chinese guard at a construction site on the outskirts of Luanda. In Africa, Chinese diplomats present themselves as an alternative foreign superpower, without the baggage of colonialism. CONGO A Chinese farmer and one of his workers at a warehouse in Congo, where a $6 billion infrastructurefor-resource-rights deal has raised eyebrows. PHOTOGRAPH BY LUIS DE LAS ALAS MOZAMBIQUE A Chinese entrepreneur at his logging depot in Beira city. Local activists claim that China has caused the deforestation of 25 percent of central Mozambique. PHOTOGRAPH BY LUIS DE LAS ALAS SUDAN Chinese WORKERS IN FRONT OF THE Merowe Dam, a controversial Nile River project 220 miles north of Khartoum that has already forced at least 50, 000 Sudanese to relocate. PHOTOGRAPH BY LUIS DE LAS ALAS

China’s Recent Chronology • • • • • 1949 1959 -1962 1966 -1976 1960’s – 1980’s 1971 1972 1976 1977 1978 1979 1986 -1990 1989 1992 1997 2001 2002 2010 PRC founded 40 million people starve to death Cultural Revolution Friction with Soviet Union China enters United Nations President Nixon visits Mao dies; end of Cultural Revolution Deng Xiaoping emerges as leader Economic liberalization begins; first agricultural then economic zones Deng visits Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore - impressed Diplomatic relations established with U. S. One-child policy “Open Door” – open to foreign investments Tiananmen Square China and Russia restore friendly ties IMF ranks China as third largest economy (U. S. , Japan) Hong Kong reverts to China joins WTO President Bush visits China overtakes Japan as second economy

China In Africa – Chronology • • • Trade and exchanges since 2 nd century BC 600 years ago, (Ming) Admiral Zheng He’s armada lands on Kenya coast. 14 th Century: Geographer Zhu Si draws map of Africa (before Europe) 1900 - 60, 000 Chinese miners in South African gold field 1960’s-1970’s - Ideological ties to newly independent states – – • • • Support “anti-colonialism” Aid liberation struggles with weapons (case of Zimbabwe) Goodwill projects: buildings, stadiums, dams, farms, engineers, health workers Policy to replace Taiwan and block Soviet Influence 1978 -80’s - Maintain good relations but focus shifts to China’s own economic development and need to import technology and expertise. 1989 – Most African countries do not condemn Tiananmen Square; new focus on Africa 1990 – Demise of Soviet Union; China needs Africa for diplomatic support Mid 90’s – High level Chinese visits; China begins deals for resource extraction and oil (Sudan) 2000 – First China Africa Cooperative forum (FOCAC) - (Beijing) 2006 – Third FOCAC (Bejing); China pledges to forgive debt and seeks $100 billion annual trade. 48 African states participate.

Source: Afrique. Avenir. org

Source: Zonu. com

China’s FDI and General Activities in Africa Source: Digital. Map. Studio. com

China African Development Fund - Angola • Automobile Industrial Park (Angola) • Public Housing (Angola) 215, 000 units • Public Utilities (water, drainage, roads, town infrastructure • Roads (2, 000 km – Angola) • Rail (3, 000 km – Angola) • New International Airport (Luanda) • Hydro Electric – Kwanza River • Industrial Zones – Luanda • Logistics Center (Luanda, Benguela, Namibia) • Luanda Admin Complex (Presidential Palace , Parliament House, Supreme Court, Conference Center, Ministries) • New City 25 km - Luanda 780 km