IRREGULAR PLURALS Exercise VOWEL CHANGE

IRREGULAR PLURALS

Exercise: • • VOWEL CHANGE man woman tooth foot goose mouse louse (7 WORDS) • • - men - women - teeth – feet - geese - mice – lice

-en to mark the plural: • ox • child • - oxen • - children

Animal names that have two plurals: • fish • pike • trout • carp • salmon • - fish/fishes • - pike/pikes • - trout/trouts • –carp/carps • salmon /salmons

The plural is identical with the singular form: • sheep • swine • deer • grouse • -sheep • - swine • - deer • - grouse

Nationality nouns in -ese, -ss SINGULAR PLURAL Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Swiss.

Two nouns borrowed from Latin and one from French : SINGULAR • series • species • corps [ko: ] PLURAL • - series • - species • - corps [ko: z]

Names indicating number when they are preceded by a numeral : SINGULAR • • • pair couple dozen score stone head PLURAL • • • two pair of jeans couple dozen score stone head

When they have no number as predeterminer they take the usual plural form : • SINGULAR • pair • couple • • dozen score stone head • PLURAL • to go in pairs • couples of newlyweds • dozens of times • scores of girls • stones • heads

Loans of Greek origin: basis [ɪs]-bases [i: z] Exercise: • • Singular crisis analysis thesis parenthesis axis hypothesis diagnosis • • Plural crises analyses theses parentheses axes hypotheses diagnoses

Loans of Greek origin: Exercise: • • • Singular -on [ǝn] criterion phenomenon -а [ǝ] miasma Plural • • • -а [ǝ] criteria phenomena -ata [ǝtǝ] miasmata

Loans of Latin origin: -us [ǝs] = i [ai] ; ora; era [ǝrǝ] Exercise: Singular • stimulus • nucleus • radius • corpus • genus Plural • stimuli • nuclei • radii • corpora • genera

Loans of Latin origin: -а [ǝ] = ае [i: ] ; -um [ǝm] = а [ǝ] Exercise: Singular • formula • antenna • vertebra • datum • stratum • erratum • • • Plural formulae (or regular formulas) antennae vertebrae data strata errata

Exercise: Loans of Latin origin: -ix [ɪks] = ices [ɪsi: z] -es Singular • index • appendix • matrix Plural • indices or indexes • appendices or appendixes • matrices or matzixes

Other loan nouns: Fr. -eau [ou] -eaux [ouz] It. -o [ou] -i [i] Exercise: Singular • tableau • bureau • tempo Plural • • • tableaux bureaux (or bureaus) tempi (or tempos)

Two plural forms: Exercise: • cherub • formula • curriculum • memorandum • • • cheribum/cherubs formulae/formulas curricula or curriculums memoranda or memorandums