Irish Project Typology Approach for Building Stock Energy

Irish Project Typology Approach for Building Stock Energy Assessment Michael Hanratty, IHER Energy Services Energy Action Conference, 6 th February 2012 "The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not represent the opinion of the 1 Community. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. "

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Irish Project Irish TABULA Co-funders "The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not represent the opinion of the 3 Community. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. "

What is the aim of TABULA ? Ø TABULA aims to create a harmonised structure for European Building Typologies Ø Focus on residential buildings, but considerations also include nonresidential buildings Ø 13 European countries take part in the project to create a National Building Typology based on the general approach Ø Duration: June 2009 – May 2012 Ø Energy Action represents Ireland on the TABULA project 4

Expected results Ø National data by each partner: – typical values for thermal envelope areas, U-values, performance of supply systems – frequencies of building and system types in the national stock – energy saving measures on two levels: calibration factors for adaptation of calculated to measured consumption Ø Energy saving potential for measures on the two different levels - “standard” and “advanced”, calculated with national methods and simplified common method. 5

Main deliverables Ø National Building Typology Brochures / Booklets for each country overview of the energy performance of typical buildings and the possible energy saving by refurbishment measures / target groups: national experts, energy consultants, house owners, . . . Ø Building Typology Webtool Datasets of building and system types from all countries + measures + online calculation (common energy performance calculation method) target group: experts involved in European / international projects 6

The Irish TABULA Project Ø Identify 25 -40 national house/dwelling types Ø Detailed analysis of each house type – Model using DEAP and simplified common TABULA method – Model each type for both (1) standard and (2) advanced improvements – Present overview of each type on TABULA Webtool and via brochures/ booklet Ø Identify frequency of main house types to model national housing stock A National Advisory for TABULA includes representatives from Government Departments (DCENR, DOEHLG), Local Authorities (DCC, SDCC, DLR), ESB, ESRI and several consultants 7

Overview of Irish Housing Stock Dwelling Type Detached house Total Semidetached house Terraced house Flat or apartment in a converted Flat or apartment house or in a purpose commercial -built block building Bed-sit Not stated Before 1919 154, 352 82, 951 15, 748 37, 111 3, 037 11, 235 2, 678 1, 592 1919 to 1940 107, 645 48, 394 22, 056 29, 146 2, 552 3, 339 978 1, 180 1941 to 1960 142, 414 49, 140 40, 935 43, 461 4, 634 2, 300 661 1, 283 1961 to 1970 112, 969 41, 777 40, 435 22, 727 5, 248 1, 369 486 927 1971 to 1980 212, 382 98, 182 67, 698 37, 306 5, 763 1, 348 417 1, 668 1981 to 1990 166, 021 85, 700 45, 064 24, 337 7, 977 1, 134 396 1, 413 1991 to 1995 93, 086 43, 071 30, 232 8, 341 9, 604 927 243 668 1996 to 2000 154, 774 71, 973 51, 327 11, 455 17, 093 1, 450 355 1, 121 2001 or later 249, 443 94, 408 71, 378 32, 957 44, 991 2, 230 783 2, 696 69, 210 10, 392 13, 487 10, 681 8, 967 4, 674 1, 754 19, 255 1, 462, 296 625, 988 398, 360 257, 522 109, 866 30, 006 8, 751 31, 803 Not stated Total Source: Census 2006 8

Defining the Irish Typology in TABULA. xls Ø Appendix S of DEAP Methodology used as starting point – Exposed Wall U Values for different age bands – SEAI provided breakdown of 115, 000 BER certs published by September 2010 9

Exposed Wall U Values Age Band A B C ‘ 29 ‘ 49 D E F[1] G H ‘ 77 ‘ 82 ‘ 93 ‘ 99 I J to Wall type 1900 ‘ 66 ‘ 04 ‘ 05+ stone 2. 1 2. 1 1. 1 0. 6 0. 45 0. 27 225 mm solid brick 2. 1 2. 1 1. 1 0. 6 0. 45 0. 27 325 mm solid brick 1. 64 1. 1 0. 6 0. 45 0. 27 300 mm cavity 2. 1 1. 78 1. 1 0. 6 0. 45 0. 27 300 mm filled cavity 0. 6 0. 45 0. 27 solid mass concrete 2. 2 2. 2 1. 1 0. 6 0. 45 0. 27 concrete hollow block 2. 4 2. 4 1. 1 0. 6 0. 45 0. 27 timber frame 2. 5 1. 9 1. 1 0. 6 0. 45 0. 27 10

Irish Age Bands - based on Appendix S Age Band A B C D E F G H I J Before 1900 - 1930 - 1950 - 1967 - 1978 - 1983 - 1994 - 2000 - 2005 Wall type 1900 1929 1949 1966 1977 1982 1993 1999 2004 onwards Total 2, 1 1, 5 1, 3 7 4 9 1, 4 1, 8 1, 5 13, stone 50 54 88 69 20 73 44 66 76 62 702 255 mm solid 2 3 4 5 2 3 6 4, brick 00 03 49 74 69 96 09 44 64 981 089 3 4 6 5 1 2 2 3, 325 solid brick 51 17 60 70 80 81 03 02 61 220 145 1 4 2, 0 3, 2 2, 7 5, 8 7, 1 11, 1 14, 2 46, 300 mm cavity 22 30 33 65 94 54 08 02 08 67 983 300 mm filled 4 1, 0 8 1, 6 2, 5 4, 7 6, 2 17, cavity 9 15 83 32 40 77 49 52 82 03 642 solid mass 1 9 7 1 4 7 2, 7 6, concrete 02 73 41 92 86 69 85 25 66 83 422 concrete hollow 1 6 1, 0 5 7 7 5, block 9 25 31 68 69 57 53 18 03 884 517 1 7 2, 3 5, 8 9, timber frame 12 11 8 26 38 46 69 12 38 91 351 2 1, 0 6, 5 8, other 94 89 11 91 15 80 37 64 42 26 649 2, 9 2, 7 4, 4 6, 5 7, 0 5, 0 10, 1 13, 7 23, 5 39, 3 115, Total age walls: 49 17 04 87 11 33 57 85 40 17 500 Data from SEAI: September 2010 11

Irish Age Bands - based on Appendix S Age Band A bef 1900 B 19001929 C 19301949 D 19501966 E 19671977 F 19781982 G 19831993 stone 255 mm solid brick 73% 57% 36% 21% 10% 9% 7% 11% 10% 9% 4% 325 solid brick 12% 15% 9% 300 mm cavity 300 mm filled cavity solid mass concrete hollow block 1% 5% 10% 0% 1% 3% Wall type Same table by H I J percentages 1994 - 20002005 1999 2004 onw 9% 11% 8% 4% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 31% 47% 55% 57% 52% 47% 36% 2% 7% 15% 17% 16% 19% 20% 16% 6% 21% 12% 3% 1% 2% 3% 3% 7% 0% 1% 3% 10% 15% 11% 7% 5% 3% 2% timber frame 0% 0% 2% 1% 2% 5% 10% 15% other 3% 3% 3% 1% 2% 2% 4% 17% Total age walls: Total age BER's 100% 100% 100% 2, 9 2, 7 4, 4 6, 5 7, 0 5, 0 10, 1 13, 7 23, 5 39, 3 49 17 04 87 11 33 57 85 40 17 Data from SEAI: September 2010 12

Irish Age Bands - based on Appendix S Age Band Wall type A B Before 1900 1929 C 19301949 D 19501966 E 19671977 F G H I J 1978 - 1983 - 1994 - 20002005 1982 Certain wall types in onwds 1993 1999 2004 stone 225 mm solid brick 73% 57% 36% 21% 10% 9% 7% 11% 10% 9% 4% 2% 325 solid brick 12% 15% 9% 3% 2% 300 mm cavity 300 mm filled cavity solid mass concrete hollow block 1% 5% 10% 31% 47% 0% 1% 2% 7% 3% 6% 21% 0% 1% timber frame 0% other 3% Total age walls: Total age BER's selected 11% bands age 8% 9% were minimal and 2% 2% 3% could be ignored 4% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 55% 57% 52% 47% 36% 15% 17% 16% 19% 20% 16% 12% 3% 1% 2% 3% 3% 7% 3% 10% 15% 11% 7% 5% 3% 2% 0% 0% 0% 2% 1% 2% 5% 10% 15% 3% 3% 1% 2% 2% 4% 17% 100% 100% 100% 2, 9 2, 7 4, 4 6, 5 7, 0 5, 0 10, 1 13, 7 23, 5 39, 3 49 17 04 87 11 33 57 85 40 17 Data from SEAI: September 2010 13

Irish Dwelling types have been categorised and coded to create the Irish building typology for TABULA Ø 29 Irish house types Ø 5 Irish apartment types Ø Buildings from all EU countries have been coded in TABULA. xls 14

Building age coding Five distinct building construction age bands have been selected to cover Irish dwelling types. Construction Year Class Code 1800 -1977 1 1978 -1982 2 1983 -1993 3 1994 -2004 4 2005 -onwards 5 15

Construction type coding Range of additional parameters have been selected to cover construction types code Stone description stone code Mas. Conc 225 SB 225 mm solid brick HBlock 325 SB 325 mm solid brick HBlock. HBF gen empty or filled cavity HBlock. FBF Timbfr description mass concrete hollow block- half brick front hollow block -full brick front Timber frame construction 16

Irish TABULA House Types within Appendix S Age Bands & Wall Types Age Band A B C D E F G H I J Wall type bef 19001929 19301949 19501966 19671977 19781982 19781983 19941999 20002004 2005 onw stone 255 mm solid brick 3, 4 5, 6 325 solid brick 7, 8 300 mm cavity 300 mm filled cavity solid mass concrete hollow block 1, 2 14, 15 18, 19 22, 23 timber frame 9&10 11, 12, 13 16, 17 20, 21 26, 27 24, 25 28, 29 17

TABULA Building Matrix of Irish Dwellings 18

Standard Measures (Stage 1) Based on SEAI Better Energy Homes Standard Stage 1 Measures Roof U-Value Flat roofs Wall U-Value Wooden Floor (replace) Windows U-Value Doors (PVC) Space heat generator efficiency Water heat generator efficiency Upgrade Standards 0. 13 W/m 2 K 0. 22 W/m 2 K 0. 27 W/m 2 K 0. 25 W/m 2 K 2 W/m 2 K Heating controls Cylinder Insulation Full zone control 50 mm, spray foam 90% gas, oil All of these improvement measures are coded in TABULA. xls 19

Advanced Measures: (Stage 2) Proposal Stage 2 Measures Roof U-Value Flat roof Wall U-Value Windows U-Value Upgrade Standards 0. 13 W/m 2 K 0. 20 Wm 2 K 0. 21 W/m 2 K 1. 3 W/m 2 K Doors (PVC) 2 W/m 2 K Heat pump: 380% min air, 400% Space heat generator efficiency ground Heat pump: 380% min air, 400% Water heat generator efficiency ground (4 m 2 6 m 2) Plus Solar thermal to Heating controls Cylinder Insulation Mechanical Heat Recovery Ventilation 40% contribution of total energy (10% electric immersion) Full zone control 50 mm, spray foam 80% minimum efficiency Stage 2 is an advancement on SEAI Better Energy Homes Scheme U Values based on Part L 2011 20

no Age Band: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1900 -1977 1900 -1977 9 House type Current State Stage 1 Stage 2 SFH. 01. Gen TH. 01. Gen SFH. 01. Stone TH. 01. Stone SFH. 01. 225 SB TH. 01. 225 SB SFH. 01. 325 SB TH. 01. 325 SB G G G G B 3 C 1 C 1 B 3 B 2 C 1 B 1 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 1 B 2 1900 -1977 SFH. 01. Mass. Conc G C 1 B 3 10 11 1900 -1977 TH. 01. Mass. Conc SFH. 01. Hblock F G B 2 B 3 B 1 12 1900 -1977 TH. 01. HBlock. FBF G B 3 B 1 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1900 -1977 1978 -1982 1983 -1993 1994 -2004 2005 -onw TH. 01. HBlock. HBF SFH. 02. Gen TH. 02. Gen SFH. 02. Hblock TH. 02. Hblock SFH. 03. Gen TH. 03. Gen SFH. 03. Hblock TH. 03. Hblock SFH. 04. Gen TH. 04. Gen SFH. 04. Tframe TH. 04. Tframe SFH. 05. Gen TH. 05. Gen SFH. 05. Tframe TH. 05. Tframe G E 2 E 1 D 2 D 2 C 3 C 1 B 2 B 3 B 2 C 1 B 2 B 3 B 2 B 2 B 1 B 1 B 1 B 2 B 1 A 3 B 1 B 2 B 1 B 1 Refurbishment Analysis Results (based on SEAI DEAP Calculation) 21

TABULA Brochures of Typical Irish Dwellings 22

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House Type 11 Current State Running costs (€) 6608 Standard Refurbishment 1738 Advanced Refurbishment 868 26

External Wall Insulation to 2 neighbouring bungalows in Malahide in 2010 Before After k. Wh/m 2/a BER Grade House A 297 D 2 206 C 3 House B 332 E 1 238 D 1 House A: Had 85% efficient oil boiler and limited heating controls House B: Had old Potterton gas boiler (68% efficient), limited heating controls Walls and roofs were insulated to 2008 Building Regulations but neither house had floor insulation 27

TABULA Webtool http: //webtool. building-typology. eu/webtool/tabula. html? c=all 28

TABULA Webtool Click on your Irish house type for full details…. . 29

TABULA Webtool You can select Polish buildings 30

TABULA Webtool Or Czech buildings or……………. wherever you like 31

Then click on your heating system option…… 32

Lots of calculation data is provided for the 3 stages… …here is energy needed for heating 33

You can review the energy balance for the building fabric and the heating system for the existing building…. 34

National Brochures The TABULA webtool also provides background calculation data for the building and the heating system at all stages. …. This is all within the Standard version of the webtool. . . there will be a more advanced level version too! 35

Comparing TABULA Results to data in SEAI’s Database of 225, 00 BERs TABULA Typical SEAI NAS Primary Energy Average Primary Value Energy Value TABULA Age Band: TABULA House type k. Wh/m 2/a Variation Type Variation as % of TABULA SEAI NAS typical Primary Max SEAI Min Energy Value k. Wh/m 2/a 1 1900 -1977 SFH. 01. Gen 484 366 118 24% 8901 75 2 1900 -1977 TH. 01. Gen 489 314 175 36% 8031 101 3 1900 -1977 SFH. 01. Stone 618 440 178 29% 11824 95 4 1900 -1977 TH. 01. Stone 607 410 197 32% 6724 93 5 1900 -1977 SFH. 01. 225 SB 634 443 191 30% 1736 119 6 1900 -1977 TH. 01. 225 SB 464 390 73 16% 5627 119 7 1900 -1977 SFH. 01. 325 SB 454 383 71 16% 2702 110 8 1900 -1977 TH. 01. 325 SB 632 381 250 40% 6484 98 9 1900 -1977 SFH. 01. Mass. Conc 657 507 150 23% 15393 121 Source: SEAI, October 2011 1. BER database includes many houses that have received grant-supported upgrades 2. TABULA house type are based on one specific fuel type 36

Refurbishment Rates from SEAI Better Energy Homes (including HES, WHS, GHS) 2007 -2011 Grant-aided Thermal Upgrade Measures as % of Total Housing 2007 -2011 (1. 6 m) Wall Insulation Measures 28, 974 0. 18% Roof insulation measures 57, 121 0. 36% Solar thermal Installations 24, 071 0. 15% 37

Conclusions & Recommendations Ø The Irish BER database is a rich resource of Irish building energy statistical data. However, it is not a scientific source of research data. Ø Deeper analysis by cross-referencing the BER database to Irish TABULA types: – will provide further insights into retrofitting policy and practice – will enable a national energy balance to be developed Ø Building data within the Irish census needs to be matched with building energy performance methodologies Ø A national house condition survey is critical to track the energy performance levels of Irish housing stock 38

Final Steps Ø TABULA International Expert Workshop "Energy Assessment of National Housing Stocks Building Typologies will take place on Wednesday, 29 th February 2012 in framework of the "World Sustainable Energy Days 2012„ in Wels / AUSTRIA – YOU Are all welcome! Ø A master report containing all Irish brochures will be published by end February 2012 Ø Scientific Report of Irish Tabula project will be developed by end April 2012 Ø The Irish typology will hopefully be further developed and expanded after the programme finishes in May 2012 39

Irish Project www. building-typology. eu www. iher. ie 01 4548300 michael@iher. ie "The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not represent the opinion of the 40 Community. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. "