Iraq War Iraq basics One of

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Iraq War

Iraq basics • One of the largest Arab nations in Middle East • 2 nd largest proven oil reserves in world • Ethnic Kurds in North--15% • Sunni Arabs, in middle--30% • Shi’ite Arab, in South--50%

Colonial History • After defeat of Ottoman Empire, British Mandate 1918 -1930 • 1920, and on--”The Great Iraqi Revolution”

Background: US in the Region • 1979 --Iranian Revolution and hostages • Recently emerged Ba’ath Party dictator, Saddam Hussein begins war with Iran • Reagan administration supports Saddam

Gulf War I 1991 • • 1990 Saddam invades Kuwait US and coalition troops, with UN sanction, attack Saddam fires scud missiles on Israel Saddam forced to retreat

George H. Bush’s decision • expel but not overthrow Saddam • under UN sanction: • establish no-fly zones • econ sanctions • weapons inspections under UN (1991 -98, 2002 -2003)

A job half done? • 1998 Congress passes, Clinton signs, Iraq Liberation Act • 2000 Republican platform calls for “full implementation” • “neo-cons” calling for overthrow

Build-up to War • 2002 Congress passes Authorization for use of military force (AUMF) • UN orders weapons inspectors out as American invasion appears immanent • theory of pre-emptive war vs preventative war • Bush orders Saddam and sons out • war begins on March 20 2003

Role of UN • Security Council Resolution 1441 called for compliance with weapons inspection or “serious consequences” • US seeks UN authorization for invasion, France, China, Russia refuse • Bush claims to be enforcing 1441 • Kofi Annan says US in violation of UN

Invasion force • 83% US • 15% UK • 2% “Coalition of the Willing”

Shifting justifications • links to “terror” and Al-Qaeda • supposed meeting in Prague • WMD • Dubious tubes and uranium purchases • Liberating Iraq

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