Introduction to Wireless in Libraries Bill Drew SUNY Morrisville College Library Bill. Drew@Bill. Drew. Net Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003
Need help? • Have you been wondering when/whether your library should consider adopting wireless technology? • Planning to remodel or build and need to understand the networking options for the future, short- and long-term? Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 2
Rules for this workshop 1. Ask questions! There are no stupid questions. 2. Tell me to slow down if I go too fast. 3. Interrupt me to ask questions. 4. This is new and I don’t know everything so feel free to add your ideas. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 3
What we will cover: • What is a Wireless Network? • History. • How it works. • Standards & Technologies • Security • Why do it or possible uses? • Myths. • Some Wireless Devices • Case Studies. • Considerations. • Planning. • Resources. • The Future. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 4
What is a Wireless Network? Enables your device to stay connected to your wired network without a wire or network cable. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 5
A Brief History • 1894 – Marconi experimented with radio waves. • 1901 – signals transmitted across the Atlantic. • 1942 – Frequency Hopping Patent. • 1939 - broadcast TV started. • 1945 – first public mobile telephone. • 1971 - first wireless LAN. • 1977 – first cellular phone system. • 1982 – commercial cellular. • 1990 s – laptops and PDAs. • 1997 – IEEE 802. 11 Standard. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 6
Hedy Lamar Connection • Wireless based on an idea patented by Hedy Lamar and composer George Antheil • Frequency hopping or spread-spectrum. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 7
How wireless works Used with permission of ™ZDnet PC Magazine, March 28, 2000; © 2001 http: //www. zdnet. com/pcmag/stories/reviews/0, 6755, 2482910, 00. html Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 8
Peer to Peer • Two can talk to each other without a formal network • Graphic courtesy of Proxim Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 9
Client and Access Point • Connecting to the LAN via WLAN • Graphic courtesy of Proxim Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 10
Multiple Access Points • Multiple Access Points and Roaming • Graphic courtesy of Proxim Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 11
Extension Points Graphic courtesy of Proxim Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 12
Standards • 1997 - IEEE wireless standard : 802. 11 • Revised in 1999 – 802. 11 a – Not yet widely used – here is why • 5 GHz range is not available in every country • segments controlled by military • segments used for other purposes – 802. 11 b – widely used • 2. 4 GHz range is globally available • Speeds up to 11 Mbps Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 13
802. 11 Standards • • 802. 11 a - 5 GHz- ratified in 1999 802. 11 b - 11 Mbps, 2. 4 GHz, ratified in 1999 802. 11 d - World Mode and additional regulatory domains - ratified 802. 11 e - Quality of Service – voice, video 802. 11 f - Inter-Access Point Protocol interoperability among different vendors 802. 11 g - Higher Data rate (>20 Mbps) 2. 4 GHz – approved in July 2003 802. 11 h - Dynamic Frequency Selection and Transmit Power Control mechanisms 802. 11 i - Authentication and security Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 14
IEE 802. 11 b most widely used in U. S. • Ratified as Standard in Sept, 1999. • 11 Mbps, 2. 4 GHz, Direct Sequence • 11 US channels • 13 ETSI channels • 14 Japan channels • Virtually approved for world wide use Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 15
IEE 802. 11 a – not widely used yet. • Ratified as Standard in Sept, 1999 • Provides similar technology to Hiper. LAN 2 • Data rates to 54 Mbps defined • Provides 8 indoor WLAN channels • Regulations differ extensively across countries Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 16
802. 11 a - Issues • 8 channels –May not be able to use adjacent channels in adjacent cells due to sideband interference • Interoperability—No present Wi-Fi standard for interoperability there for no guarantee that what you buy will work with other vendors products - Testing to start in late spring, early summer. • Not qualified for Europe Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 17
IEEE 802. 11 g – no hardware yet (? ) • May be approved July 2003 • Provides higher data rates @ 2. 4 GHz • Similar speeds as 802. 11 a • Backward compatible with 11 Mbps (802. 11 b) Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 18
Other Standards: Hiperlan/1 and /2 - ETSI • 5 GHz wireless network. • supports ATM and Ethernet. • Compatible with IEEE 802. 11 a. • Potentially 53 Mbps. • Primarily a European standard. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 19
Other Standards. Bluetooth • 2. 4 GHz wireless network. • range - about 30 feet and speed - 2 Mbps. • focused on home and personal area networks (HANs and PANs) • Connects all the digital gadgets one has to other digital gadgets. • wireless personal network (w. PAN) focusing on the “personal operating space” • good alternative for localized wireless network. Courtesy of ABA Legal Technology Resource Center Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 20
Technologies • Infrared – – – line of site only 3 feet to 20 feet Usually limited to single room – – – Pass through most obstacles 150 -300 feet from access point Indoors, outdoors and building-to-building • Radio Frequency Courtesy of ABA Legal Technology Resource Center Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 21
Technologies • Frequency Hopping v. Direct Sequence – DSSS transmits data faster – – – • FHSS limited to 2 Mbps DSSS more resistant to interference DSSS has higher potential bandwidth DSSS is becoming more common and is only option for 802. 11 b “High Rate” Courtesy of ABA Legal Technology Resource Center Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 22
Co r dle ss Ph on es Ba by Mi M Ga crow onit ra av ors Bl ge D e O ue oo ve Ho too r O ns m th e R A pen 80 F ppl ers 2. 1 A i 1 b pp anc W lian es ire c les es s. L AN 80 s 2. 1 1 a W ire les s. L AN s Wireless Spectrum 902 MHz 2. 4 GHz 5. 8 GHz Instrumentation Scientific Medical (ISM) Bands of Radio Spectrum Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 23
Why do it? Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 24
Why do it or Possible Uses (Part 1)? • Flexible configuration of rooms using laptops. • Allow users to bring in their own wireless devices. • Can be cheaper than wired. • Fast installation. • Greater productivity and service. • U. S. – twice as many wireless devices as PCs (Forrester Research). Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 25
Why do it or Possible Uses (Part 2)? • • • Access networked resources at meetings. Extend virtual reference desk to all users. Allow my. Library service users to keep their my. Library on their own device. • Enhance experience of users in study groups. • Provide printing from anywhere in the library. • Place computers where needed not just where there is wire. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 26
Why do it or Possible Uses (Part 3)? • Web based camera to send video back over network for security. • Wireless devices for OPAC queries and other access. • Bar coding and other scanning (shelf reading, inventory). • Allow reference staff to roam with access to network and library resources. • Circulate laptops / PDAs with wireless. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 27
Security: Look out for Pirates • Current protocol uses Wired Equivalent Privacy algorithm, or WEP • Weaknesses of WEP: – Signals not encrypted. – Anyone walking by with proper equipment could use the network. Source: Zdnet News: http: //zdnet. com/2100 -11 -527906. html? legacy=zdnn Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 28
Security – what to do? From Secure your WLAN by Chris Kozup, Zdnet Tech Update, Dec. 28, 2001; http: //techupdate. zdnet. com/techupdate/stories/main/ 0, 14179, 2835133, 00. html 1. Audit: know location of all access points. 2. Authentication: require all users to log in. Treat same as physical network. Can use Kerberos, LDAP, RADIUS, etc. 3. Confidentiality: encrypt your data. Can be done using VPNs (virtual private networks). Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 29
Security Solutions • 802. 11 i- new security standard – Provides new encryption and authentication schemes. – Available late 2002 according to Zdnet Tech Update. • Third party solutions available now – see The best way to secure wireless access by Lee Schlesinger, Zdnet Tech Update, Feb. 7, 2002; http: //techupdate. zdnet. com/techupdate/stories/main/ 0, 14179, 2845902, 00. html Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 30
Selected Recommendations from NIST 1. Develop a security program. 2. Have a complete inventory of all access points. 3. Change default settings on access points. 4. Enable all security features of your WLAN. 5. Use encrypted authentication and VPNs. 6. Consider using a firewall between WLAN and rest of network. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 31
Myths (from Larry Glover – with permission) • It won't work. • It costs too much. • I don't know how to hook up a wireless network. • Anybody can read my data or hook into my network. • Planes, trains, truckers on their CBs, and storms will cause my network signal to break up. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 32
Myths • • Only works in metal free buildings. Unreliable. Too slow to surf the web. ? Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 33
Some Wireless Devices • Thin, lightweight, design with brilliant color screen. • Audio record and playback – Audio programs from the Web, MP 3 music, or voice notations • Rechargeable battery that gives up to 12 hours of battery life Compaq i. PAQ 3650 • Ethernet wireless card optional. • 32 MB RAM. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 34
Some Wireless Devices Compaq i. PAQ 3650 Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 35
Some Wireless Devices • • Web. DT 380 Windows CE 3. 0 device aimed at original equipment manufacturers sell it under their own brand. • built-in wireless local area network support. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 36
Some Wireless Devices IBM Think. Pad with Raylink Ethernet card Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 37
Some Wireless Devices • Palm VIIx • 6. 7 oz. • 8 MB. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 38
Case Studies • • • Indiana State University Liverpool Public Library Morrisville College Library Rochester Institute of Technology University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library • Laman Public Library, North Little Rock, Arkansas Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 39
Copyright ISU Library Mobile Computing Project (Project Mercury) Indiana State University Library Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003
Copyright ISU Library ISU Background • Comprehensive university • 11, 000 students • Students from rural areas and lower socioeconomic backgrounds Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 41
ISU Library • • • Current building opened in 1973. Over 1 million volumes on five floors. Graduate and faculty carrels are not currently networked. • Over 60 databases available through the library home page. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 42
Copyright ISU Library The Mobile Project Plan • Mobile Project Plan. • Planned workstation syncing prototype. • Investigate wireless LAN’s. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 43
Project Plan Goals & Objectives • Team approach. • The goals. • Problems encountered. – Networking. – Security. – Usability. – Costs. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 44
Copyright ISU Library Scenario • A patron enters the library and using a mobile computing device, the patron: – searches the on-line catalog, – interacts with others on the network – takes and records notes – Locates books and other materials Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 45
Copyright ISU Library Scenario • Parts 1 and 2 – Install wireless network – Part 1 – “wire” faculty carrels – Part 2 – “wire” rest of building • • Part 3 – Test handhelds and PC cards Part 4 – Set up mobile web site Part 5 – Install reference chat room Part 6 – Develop book locator software Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 46
Copyright ISU Library Setting up the network • Wireless network access in all faculty carrels. – High potential for mobile device usage. – Lower cost than wiring 54 carrels. – A combination of 802. 11 b components from Cisco and Compaq. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 47
Wireless LAN Site Survey Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 Copyright ISU Library 48
Copyright ISU Library Carrel Wireless Costs • Total hardware including 7 Cisco access points, and 10 wireless cards: $8, 123. 00. • Total installation costs including wiring, and power: $2, 100. • We conducted the site survey ourselves to determine the number and location of access points. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 49
Rest of Library Wireless Costs • Total hardware including 17 Cisco access points, 8 Compaq PCI/software access points cost: $18, 042. 00. • Total installation costs including wiring, and power: $5, 100. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 50
Copyright ISU Library Handheld Specifics • Compaq i. PAQ 3650 PDA. • Includes expansion pack for PC cards. • Compaq WL 100 wireless network card. • Syncs via USB cradle to download workstation. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 51
Copyright ISU Library Handheld Costs • Compaq i. PAQ handheld with wireless cards and expansion packs costs 2 @ $720. 00: $14200. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 52
Scenario– Part 4 – Copyright ISU Library developing a web interface for handhelds only. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 53
Scenario Two, Part 5 – Reference Chat Copyright ISU Library • While in the stacks, the student can ask a question of a staff member via chat software. • Used chat software which could be accessed from more than one workstation. • Restricted by IP authorization. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 54
Scenario Two – Part 6 Book Locator • While in the stacks the user can search the catalog for a book, find a call number, then use Book Locator to determine which floor and shelf the book occupies. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 55
Conclusions • Mobile computing in the library is feasible and may serve users better than wired networking in specific cases. • The library is a good place to prototype mobile computing on campus. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 56
Liverpool Public Library Statistics* • Founded 1822 • Pop: 55, 000 • Circ: 497, 827 • Income: $2, 921, 166 • Holdings: – Bks: 101, 619 – Per Subs: 463 From American library directory; : a classified list of libraries in the United States and Canada, with personnel and statistical data. New York, : Bowker. 2002. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 57
Liverpool Public Library • Partnering with school district. • Uses same hardware as school. • Accessible by Apple Powerbook using an Airport card. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 58
Liverpool Public Library • Accessible also via any Windows laptop with a 802. 11 compatible card. • Students from high school can use their laptops in the public library. • Also loan laptops. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 59
Liverpool Public Library "The goal of the laptop partnership is to give Liverpool Central School District students transparent access to network resources using their laptops in the library. " -- Library Director Sharon Nottingham. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 60
Liverpool Public Library • Costs: – 10 blueberry i. Books: $14, 990 – 10 Airport cards: $890 – Airport base station: $269. – Cisco Access Point 340: $927. – Bretford laptop storage cart : $464. • Able to use fund balance, not budget. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 61
Liverpool Public Library Update • Currently one Cisco 340 and three Apple Air. Port access points. • Replace with new Cisco 1100 series. • 1100 supports VLANs and are upgradeable to future flavors of 802. 11 and hardware-based security. Can also receive power over Ethernet so no need to worry about electrical outlets. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 62
Morrisville College • Residential college of agriculture and technology offering two- and four-year degrees in more than 70 academic programs and options. • Founded 1908 • Approximately 2, 900 full time students • More than 102 full-time faculty • Mission: provide access to quality Post-secondary education to all who can benefit. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 63
Morrisville College Library: The Laptop Program • All in a laptop program get IBM laptop and Raytheon wireless card • Over 27 curriculums • Over 50% of the student body • Can be covered by financial aid. • Think. Pad A 20 M (2000) • • • 550 MHz 128 MB memory 6. 0 GB hard drive 24 X CD-ROM 1. 44 Meg floppy drive 56 K modem card Internal network card Wireless network card Carrying Case Windows ’ 98 SE Microsoft Office Pro 2000 2 year warranty Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 64
Morrisville College Library • more than 90, 000 books; 12, 000 microfilms; 400 serial titles; 1, 500 audio and video cassettes. • Open 82 hours per week. • On. Line Catalog: Multi. Lis and Web 2 • 5 full time librarians • Online databases and full text resources • Wireless and network connections for users Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 65
Morrisville College Vision “The State University of New York College of Agriculture and Technology at Morrisville aspires to be an academically challenging , business-oriented, technology-focused entrepreneurial learning community. ” Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 66
Morrisville College: Network and Computing Infrastructure • Backbone : Gigabit Ethernet. • To the Desk Top: 10 base T (100 Megabit capable). • All class rooms wired with at least one port. • All Faculty and Staff Offices wired. • Wireless – all academic buildings and dorms plus all dining areas. More to follow. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 67
Morrisville College: Network and Computing Infrastructure Wireless • Raytheon Raylink Card • 2 Mb Shared (IEE 802. 11 Standard) • Covers entire college • 70 times faster than phoneline Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 68
Morrisville College Library: New Services – Talk to a Librarian • Real time • Remote Users are: communication – Norwich campus between the students & faculty remote user and – Distance learning the reference desk. students • Uses AOL Instant – Morrisville campus students & faculty Messenger. on campus • Survey showed 95% of laptop users – Students & faculty at home use AOL IM already. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 69
Morrisville College Library: New Services – Remote Access • Why? • How? • To allow students, faculty, • and staff when off campus access equal to access on the campus network • • To allow distance learners taking our courses to use our databases and services. • Fulfill licensing databases. Remote Authentication using Ezproxy. Authentication ensures all users are part of SUNY Morrisville Community. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 70
Morrisville College Library: Conclusions & the Future • Changed Library Instruction. • Redesigned website to better fit laptop. • Librarians using laptops and wireless. • Proactive instead of reactive. • Opportunities not problems. • Participate in trials of Pocket PCs • Carry instruction to the faculty and students; not just in the library any more. • Need to use the new technology ourselves. • Look at Bluetooth and other new things on the horizon. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 71
Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) • 7 Colleges • 12, 500 students • Diverse Programs • AAS-Ph. D. programs • Career-Oriented • Technology based Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 72
RIT: Wallace Library Stats 2000 -01 • Holdings (vols. ) • Staff • • 400, 000 • 44 permanent • 120+ student workers Total Budget Subscription Books Electronic Media Copyright RIT $4. 3 Million $800, 000 $300, 000 $450, 000 Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 73
RIT: Project Description • Experiment with wireless • Use Laptops • Circulate from reserve desk • Test for campus wide use • Explore network management issue Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 74
RIT: Project Description Requirements • Had to be: – easy to use – low maintenance – flexible – low cost – scaleable Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 75
RIT: WHY? • Mobility possibilities • Cost of fixed connections • Service to users • Experience with the technology • Leadership on campus Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 76
RIT: HOW: the big picture • Ad hoc group- Library and Computing • Environment scan- on/off campus • Tied into the Bookstore • Test bed for broader initiative • Raised general interest on campus Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 77
RIT: HOW: operational view • Systems Support: – floor coverage – IP allocations-DHCP – security on hub – insuring software stability – additional hardware/ supplies – software availability Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 78
RIT: HOW: operational view • Circulation Support – length of time – security – replacement cost – check out mechanics – Recharge/refresh Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 79
RIT: Results • Lots of use • Lots of good PR • Lots of visibility for the library • Puts us on the wireless path • Leverage space- after hours • Campus wide initiative Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 80
RIT: Results: Circulation of laptops • Checkouts Jan 1 -Sep 25, 2001 • > PC Laptop 1500 • > MAC Laptop 400 • roughly 220 a month Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 81
RIT: Lessons Learned: • Freedom/mobility • Take advantage of laptops • Flexibility of space and functionality • Low cost • Increased service • Experience with the technology Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 82
RIT: Lessons Learned • Speed of connection • Changing fast • Does cost time and money • Compatibility across other wireless devices • Maintenance and user support Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 83
RIT: Lessons Learned • Sometimes it’s just luck • Timing important • Tie into community important • Students are clever • Students very receptive to the service • Ahead of the user curve Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 84
RIT: Futures • Circulate cards • Add more laptops and cheaper devices • Campus wide installations • Plan on upgrade • Look at other standards Copyright RIT Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 85
University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library • 8 Dell laptops with wireless access to the Internet. • Use own laptop on wireless network with card purchased from library. • Use own laptop after getting own card registered in library. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 86
University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library – Getting to Wireless • 1. Library Director informed Department Heads that CU Technology Funds were available for small projects. • 2. Education/LRC Department Head asked for ideas from department staff and faculty. Proposal for Wireless Transmitters and 10 Laptops with NIC cards was chosen by Director and his cohorts in the Office of Academic Affairs as the most likely to be funded. 3. Specific budget information is put together -original budget needed boosting since ESS wanted to be included. • Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 87
University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library – Getting to Wireless • • 4. Proposal is co-written by Director of ESS and Education/LRC Dept. Head and approved for funding. 5. Campus Network Services gets involved They feel that they need to approve the project and spend months on the following: - telling us that we don't really understand wireless & that it won't work - comparing and testing products - finally, they approve the very product that we had originally proposed. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 88
University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library – Getting to Wireless • • 6. Wireless Transmitters, Laptops, NIC cards are ordered. 7. Wireless Transmitters are installed in the library and tested ad infinitum. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 89
University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library – Getting to Wireless • 8. Education/LRC Department spends months getting the laptops with NIC cards to work with our network, creating borrowing rules, creating instructional handouts, building a Web page, and holding Brown Bag sessions to introduce the service. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 90
University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library – Getting to Wireless • • 9. Announcing to our users that we're ready to go. . . then waiting for people to check things out. We announced this service the week of June 18 and we've had 4 checked out so far -- not bad for summer session. 10. Project Status Report will be presented to Library Director in December of this year. Comments from E-mail exchange with Lisa Traditi, lisa. traditi@uchsc. edu, Head, Education and Learning Resources Center, Denison Library. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 91
University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library – Possible Uses • • • Work in quieter areas of the library, eg Study Rooms, Back Stacks Search citation databases in close proximity to the Denison journals collection Save all your work to zip or floppy disks, eliminating the need to tote your own laptop Software includes MS Office 2000, Netscape, Internet Explorer Files may be saved to the c: drive, however the laptops will be cleaned up and files removed on a weekly basis. Print to laser printer either in LRC or in 1 st Floor Reference. 10¢/page with copy card Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 92
University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library – Policy • • Library Use Only! 4 hour checkout, renewable twice Checkout & Return in 3 rd Floor LRC ONLY (not 1 st floor Circulation Desk) Never leave a laptop unattended Every component of the laptop will be checked out on our system including power cord, peripherals LAPTOPS MUST BE RETURNED AT LEAST 1 HOUR BEFORE LIBRARY CLOSING. Legally, the laptops fall under the same laws as anything else you check out from the library. Laptops not returned will be sent to Collections. All users sign this statement when they get their library card: "I acknowledge responsibility for library material borrowed on this card. I understand that I am liable for lost or damaged items and that fines may be assessed on overdue materials. " • Users are liable for damages beyond normal wear and tear. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 93
University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library – Observations • • Connection speed seems faster than through conventional LAN Windows 2000 is very reliable compared with Windows 9 x Nevertheless, it is a good idea to save early & save often, make backup copies of all files Batteries will not be issued at full charge. Laptops charge while plugged in; they should charge for at least one hour before you work from the battery alone. Count on a full battery running the laptop for 2 -3 hours Switching peripherals takes practice. There are instructions for this process included in the case. The CD-ROMs seem particularly tricky. The main problem with an incorrect switch is that the machine may lock up and you may lose data. A foolproof way to switch peripherals is to power down and switch, instead of trying to hot-swap. The battery slots are different than the peripheral slots. You cannot put anything but a battery in the battery slot. Switching batteries is a different procedure from switching peripherals. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 94
University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denison Library – Conclusions Conclusion from final report: This project has proven that a wireless network is a viable solution to the mobile needs of UCHSC users. The areas of frustration and delay on this project can be attributed to a lack of interdepartmental communication and trust. LRC faculty and staff had to convince Information Systems staff that we were determined to go forward on this project and that we had done our homework. Lack of communication between Educational Support Services staff and LRC faculty and staff about hardwire and peripheral requirements resulted in delaying the date when the library could begin checking out the laptops. All of these issues could have been resolved through improved relationships with all parties involved. Once the hardware and network were fully installed, we have had very few problems. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 95
Laman Public Library North Little Rock, Arkansas Statistics* • Founded 1945 • Pop: 64, 388 • Circ: 230, 037 • Income: $1, 532, 913 • Holdings: – Bks: 141, 881 – Per Subs: 231 *From American library directory; : a classified list of libraries in the United States and Canada, with personnel and statistical data. New York, : Bowker. 2002. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 96
Laman Public Library North Little Rock, Arkansas • Needed more computers but did not want more furniture nor more electrical wiring nor more conduits. • Decided to go “wireless”. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 97
Laman Public Library North Little Rock, Arkansas • For library computers Breeze. Com: 802. 11 B. • For “free” public network: Linksys 802. 11 G • 4 different WLANs – Patrons: patron owned Laptop/PDA to access Internet – OPAC & Internet access for patrons (library owned desktop computers) – Word processing for patrons. – Circulation terminals/ staff use. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 98
Laman Public Library North Little Rock, Arkansas • Future – – Wireless bridge between main library and branch. – Video, voice, data – New computers will all be on wireless network • Conclusions- – No down side Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 99
Considerations • Cost - Per seat cost can be lower. • Speed - slower than some Ethernet wired LANs (<100 Mbps); Potential of 802. 11 a is over 100 Mbps. • Wireless bandwidth is less than wired. • Reliability - limited points of failure. • Security – encryption. need to use same care as with wired network. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 100
Considerations • Mobility - allows a user to move from access point to access point through a building without losing connectivity • Compatibility - Products are PC focused and may not include Apple support. • Interoperability - Wi-Fi certified (will work with other Wi. Fi certified equipment). Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 101
Planning – some qualifiers • Few libraries willing to share planning experiences. • Few planning resources available. • Small libraries do not need formal planning documents(? ). • Many libraries part of larger institutions and piggy backed on their efforts. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 102
Planning : LAN Requirements • Coverage/Mobility • Application Requirements • Number of Users • End-User Device Types • Battery Longevity • System Interfaces • Information Security • Environment • Schedule • Budget From : http: //searchnetworking. techtarget. com/tip/1, 289483, sid 7_gci 509511, 00. html Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 103
Planning – 10 Step Program • From: “Look Ma, No Wires! or The 10 Steps of Wireless Networking” by James L. "Larry" Glover , Computers in Libraries, Vol. 21, No. 3 March 2001 • Used with permission of Larry Glover and Computers in Libraries Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 104
Planning – 10 Step Program • Step 1. Measure the building. • Step 2. Map out your stationary computer stations (i. e. , four-top tables and such). • Step 3. Compute your distances vs. bandwidth needs (and remember to find out what's in your wall construction). • Step 4. Check with your software vendors for any known "issues" regarding wireless transmission of their data. (This is not really a problem with anything in the last 3 years. ) Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 105
Planning – 10 Step Program • Step 5. Order hardware and assorted supplies. (Remember the assorted part. ) • Step 6. Pray to the gods of nerds and paychecks. • Step 7. Install. • Step 8. See step 6 again. • Step 9. Turn it on. • Step 10. Accept the praise of your colleagues and patrons and that nice big new pay raise. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 106
Resources: Discussion Groups (Lib. Wireless) 1. Send a blank email to: • Lib. Wireless-subscribe@ls. suny. edu 2. You will receive a subscription confirmation message. Just reply to this message and your subscription will be complete. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 107
http: //people. morrisville. edu/~drewwe/wireless/libwireless. htm Libwireless Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 108
Resources: Wireless Librarian Website • • http: //people. morrisville. edu/~drewwe/wireless/ Contains: • Article bibliography; links to full text for some. • Book bibliography • Useful links • List of libraries with wireless networks with links. • Vendors with links • More to come. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 109
http: //people. morrisville. edu/~drewwe/wireless/ Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 110
http: //wireless. lisnews. com/ Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 111
Resources: Organizations -- Vendors, Standards & Trade • • WLANA (Wireless LAN Association) – www. wlana. org WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance) – www. wirelessethernet. org Wireless LAN Interoperability Forum (WLIF) – www. wlif. com (? ) More at: www. wlana. org/direct/matrix. htm Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 112
The Future • • • Wireless devices as the ultimate thin client. Devices talking to each other. Costs coming way down below wired Librarians using laptops and wireless. Carry instruction to the user; not just in the library any more. • Use the new technology ourselves. • Look at Bluetooth and other new things on the horizon. Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 113
Future Growth Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 114
Is this the future of wireless? Introduction to Wireless -- Bill Drew Copyright 2003 115
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