Introduction to Web Technologies for Effective Dissemination of Information 13 November 2000 SIGAda 2000 Mr. Currie Colket SIGAda Home Page http: //www. acm. org/sigada SIGAda Vice Chair for Meetings and Conferences Phone: (703) 883 -7381; Email: colket@mitre. org | colket@acm. org Dr. John Mc. Cormick SIGAda Secretary Phone: (319) 273 -2618; Email: mccormic@cs. uni. edu | SIGAda_Secretary@acm. org Mr. David A. Wheeler Institute for Defense Analyses Phone: (703) 845 -6662; Email: dwheeler@ida. org | dwheeler@dwheeler. com Mr. Clyde Roby Institute for Defense Analyses Phone: (703) 845 -6666; Email: roby@ida. org
Motivation This tutorial is designed for the SIGAda volunteer interested in using WWW technologies to promote Local activities and Working Group activities. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to: • • Use simple web-authoring tools Develop your own Home Page Tailor it to effectively communicate to your audience Establish Home Page on ACM host Use simple web-posting tools Use simple web-verification tools Establish maillists for your activity 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 2 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Overview • Introduction to WWW and SIGAda Home Page as Notional Example (John Mc. Cormick ~ 20 minutes) • Introduction to HTML and use of Netscape Composer (Currie Colket ~ 90 minutes) • Effective Design Strategies Appropriate to Disseminating Information (Clyde Roby ~ 30 minutes) • Tools to Manage Development of Web Pages (Clyde Roby ~ 40 minutes) • Introduction to Ada CGI (David A. Wheeler ~ 90 minutes) • Using ACM WWW and Maillist Facilities (John Mc. Cormick ~ 60 minutes) Start: Break: Lunch: Back: Break: End: 8: 30 10: 00 12: 00 1: 30 3: 00 5: 00 • Introduction to XML (Currie Colket ~ 30 minutes) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 3 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Introduction to SIGAda Home Page as Notional Example John Mc. Cormick SIGAda Secretary 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 4 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
SIGAda Home Page - 1 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 5 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
SIGAda Home Page - 2 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 6 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
SIGAda Home Page - 3 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 7 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
SIGAda Home Page - 4 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 8 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
SIGAda Home Page - 5 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 9 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
SIGAda Home Page - 6 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 10 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
SIGAda Home Page - 7 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 11 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Introduction to HTML and use of Netscape Composer Currie Colket MITRE SIGAda Vice Chair for Meetings and Conferences 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 12 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Introduction to HTML • • • • HTML Basics Fonts; Colors; Bold; Italics Creating Lists Creating Links to URLs Creating Anchors/Targets Creating Relative Links Creating Mailto Links Incorporating Images Putting Code On-line Forms Using the HTML <Head> Netscape Composer (a WYSIWYG) Creating Tables 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 13 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Motivation for Knowing HTML Many WYSIWYG Tools- Why Learn HTML? • Output of tools is not always portable • Some use advanced features of HTML • Some use non-standard extensions of HTML • Some tools generate XML instead of HTML • Browsers typically omit information not understood • Many browsers can’t handle XML • Tools can not always support desired goals • Occasionally cleanup of HTML code is required • Porting from one tool to another • Eliminate garbage automatically generated • Strengthens understanding of WWW capabilities • Understanding HTML is good foundation for XML 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 14 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
What is HTML • Lingua franca for publishing hypertext on the World Wide Web • Non-proprietary format based upon SGML • Created and processed by a wide range of tools from simple plain text editors to sophisticated WYSIWYG authoring tools • Uses tags such as <h 1> and </h 1> to structure text for Presentation • Browsers attempt to produce page even when there are errors • Produced by W 3 C as recommendation; voted on by Consortium members http: //www. w 3. org/Mark. Up/ • Status: Version 4. 01 is current recommendation, replacing Version 3. 2 • Support for Style Sheets - Control color, font, and layout • Internationalization Features - text right to left (Hebrew & Arabic) • Accessibility Features - Braille and speech synthesizers • Tables and Forms - many new features • Scripting and Multimedia - many new features • 3 Flavors of HTML: • Transitional - take some advantage of 4. 0, but primarily support 3. 2 • Strict - use style sheets, i. e. , free of tags associated with layout • Frameset - used to partition browser into one or more frames 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 15 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
HTML Basics HTML: Hyper. Text Markup Language is Semantic Markup physical: indent 1. 0”, Use 24 -Point Roman Font, Print “Hello” • • • semantic: <H 1>Hello</H 1> uses markup tags Physical is WYSIWYG; HTML will differ on each system Designed to be extensible, in fact, still evolving Uses Hyper. Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) Tag names are case insensitive • Some Tags have attributes HTML Program Structure: <BODY BACKGROUND=“my_file. jpg” <HTML> <HEAD> <Title> <!--Non-visible stuff here--> </hea. D> <Body> <!--Visible stuff here--> </BODY> </HTML> T EXT="#000000" LINK="#0000 ff" VLINK="#ff 0000" BGCOLOR="#ffffef"> • Text is continuous regardless of spaces/CR • Most Tags in pairs; solo: <P> Paragraph Break <Br> Line Break <HR> Horizontal Rule 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 16 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Fonts; Colors; Bold; Italics <H 1> Highlighting HTML </H 1> Characters can be highlighted using <B>Boldfaced</B>, <BIG>Big and <BIG>Bigger</BIG> text, <I>Italicized text</I>, <S>Strike-through Text</S>, <SMALL> Small and <SMALL> Smaller </SMALL> text, with <SUB>Subscripts</SUB> and <SUP>Superscripts</SUP>, with <TT>Typewriter font</TT> and even <U> underlining for emphasis. </U> <P>There is also a concept of Logical Highlighting using <STRONG>Strongly Emphasized</STRONG> Text, <CODE>Computer Code</CODE> Text, <KBD>Keyboard Character</KBD> Text, <SAMP>Literal Character</SAMP> Text, <DFN>Defining Instance</DFN> Text, <EM>Emphasized</EM> Text, <VAR>Variable</VAR> Text, <STRIKE>Strike-out</STRIKE> Text. <P><CENTER><FONT COLOR="#009900"> <FONT SIZE=+4>SIGAda</FONT> <BR><FONT COLOR="#FF 0000"> <FONT SIZE=+3> WWW Tutorial</FONT> <FONT COLOR="BLUE"> <FONT SIZE=+2> <P> Sunday, 7: 30 - 11: 30 PM</FONT></CENTER> 13 November 2000 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda WWW 17
Creating Lists <H 1> List Example </H 1> <P>The 3 most important things in real estate are: [Ordered Lists] <OL> <Li> Location, and </Li> <Li> Location (It should be noted that all lists will wrap around with the correct indentation desired for the screen. </OL> The most important things in talking about software are: [Un. Ordered Lists] <UL> <Li> Using Bullets Correctly <Li> Using Plenty of Bullets, and <Li> Using Subordinate Bullets When Necessary <OL TYPE="a"> <Li> With Letters <Li> Again with Letters <OL TYPE="i"> <Li> With Small Roman Numerals </OL> <OL TYPE="I"> <Li> With Large Roman Numerals</OL> <OL TYPE="1"> <Li> With Numbers </OL> <OL TYPE="1" START="7"> <Li> Even With Numbers Out of Sequence </OL></UL> 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 18 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Creating Links to URLs - 1 <H 1> Link Example </H 1> <P>The following URLs contain useful information on using html: <OL> <LI> <A HREF="http: //www. w 3. org/Mark. Up/">W 3 C HTML Home Page</A> <I>http: //www. w 3. org/Mark. Up/</I> <LI> <A HREF="http: //www. w 3. org/Mark. Up/Activity. html">W 3 C User Interface Domain</A> <I>http: //www. w 3. org/Mark. Up/Activity. html</I> <LI> <A HREF="http: //www. cc. ukans. edu/~acs/docs/other/HTML_quick. shtml">HTML Quick Reference</A> <I>http: //www. cc. ukans. edu/~acs/docs/other/HTML_quick. shtml </I> <LI> <A HREF="http: //werbach. com/barebones/">The Bare Bones Guide to HTML</A> <I>http: //werbach. com/barebones/</I> <LI> <A HREF="http: //www. ncsa. uiuc. edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/d 2 -htmlinfo. html"> Creating HTML Documents</A> <I>http: //www. ncsa. uiuc. edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/d 2 -htmlinfo. html </I> <LI> <A HREF="http: //www. eclipse. net/derek/">HTML Primers and Tutorials</A> <I>http: //www. eclipse. net/derek/</I> <LI> <A HREF="http: //www. bbsinc. com/symbol. html"> ISO Latin 1 Character Entities and HTML Escape Sequence Table</A> <I>http: //www. bbsinc. com/symbol. html</I> <LI> <A HREF="http: //www. willcam. com/cmat/html/crossref. html">Compact Index of HTML Tags</A> <I>http: //www. willcam. com/cmat/html/crossref. html </I> <LI> <A HREF="http: //www. ncsa. uiuc. edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/d 2 -tech. html"> HTML, URL, and HTTP Technical Information and Specifications</A> <I>http: //www. ncsa. uiuc. edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/d 2 -tech. html </I> <LI> <A HREF=” http: //dir. yahoo. com/Computers_and_Internet/Information_and_Documentation/Data_Formats/HTML/"> Yahoo HTML Search Node</A> <I>http: //dir. yahoo. com/Computers_and_Internet/Information_and_Documentation/Data_Formats/HTML/ </I> </OL> 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 19 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Creating Links to URLs - 2 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 20 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Creating Anchors/Targets <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Anchors/Targets Example</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <H 1>Anchors/Targets Example</H 1> <P>Navigation: <A HREF="#Email">Email Addresses</A> | <A HREF="#News">News</A> | <A HREF="#Weather">Weather</A> <Br></P> <H 2><A NAME="Email">Email Addresses</H 2> <UL> <LI><A HREF="email. html"> Pelot Email Addresses</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="email. html#Colket"> Colket Email Addresses</A> <IMG SRC="gif/updated. gif" WIDTH=46 HEIGHT=11></LI> <LI><A HREF="email. html#Colcord"> Colcord Email Addresses</A> </LI> </UL> <H 2><A NAME="News">News</H 2> News stuff <H 2><A NAME="Weather">Weather</H 2> Weather Stuff </HTML> 13 November 2000 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda WWW 21
Creating Relative Links <H 1><A NAME="Top">Relative Link Example</H 1> <P>Navigation: <A HREF="http: //www. colket. org/"> To www. colket. org</A> | <A HREF="file: ///c|/www/index. html"> To C Drive</A> <Br> </P> Technology Resources: <A HREF="acronyms. html">Acronyms</A> | <A HREF="Ada. html">Ada</A> | <A HREF="confere. html#Conferences_Future"> Conferences</A> | <A HREF="html">HTML</A> | <A HREF="internet. html">Internet</A> | <A HREF="java. html#Internet">Java</A> | <A HREF="OO. html#OO">OO</A> | <A HREF="Reuse. html">Reuse</A> | <A HREF="email. html">Email Addresses</A> <Br> Useful for Program Development File on local system has same relative name as file on remote system Switch from one system to other with simple click 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 22 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Creating Mailto Links <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Mailto Example </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <H 1> Mailto Example </H 1> Please email comments on this course to <A HREF="mailto: " Currie Colket" < colket@acm. org> , " Brad Balfour" < bbalfour@acm. org> , " Clyde Roby" < roby@ida. org> , " John Mc. Cormick" < mccormick@nova. cs. uni. edu> " TITLE="Comments on Course"> Currie, Brad, Clyde, and John</A> <P><ADDRESS>Currie Colket <A HREF="mailto: colket@acm. org"> (colket@acm. org)</A> </ADDRESS> </BODY> </HTML> " Currie Colket" < colket@acm. org> is equivalent to “Currie Colket” <colket@acm. org> 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 23 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Incorporating Images <H 1> Image Example </H 1> <P> ASIS is an interface between an Ada environment as defined by ISO/IEC 8652: 1995 (the Ada Reference Manual) <IMG Align=bottom SRC="gif/new. gif"> and any tool requiring Bad Form information from this environment, as shown below: <IMG SRC="gif/updated. gif" WIDTH=46 HEIGHT=11> Good Form <Center> <IMG SRC="gif/asis. gif" Better Form ALT="ASIS as interface to Ada compilation environment" WIDTH=488 HEIGHT=306><BR> <B>ASIS as interface to Ada compilation environment</B> Above image made in Power. Point by: </Center> • Creating image; cutting it from page • Using Page Setup, selecting landscape, 3”x 5” Size is important; allows • Pasting image onto page; aligning it to center for building page sans images • Saving as gif (or jpeg) ALT for browsers without graphics • Obtaining size using Photo Editor Resize function or browsers turned off 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 24 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Putting Code On-line <H 1> Code Example </H 1> <P> EXAMPLE: <pre> Loop iteration scheme List : constant Asis. Element_List : = -- 3. 7 <I>< ASIS function returning a list>; </I> An_Element : Asis. Element; -- 3. 6 begin for I in List'Range loop An_Element : = List (I); <STRONG>Process (An_Element); </STRONG>end loop; </pre> Use <PRE> for large blocks of code • For Preformatted text • Characters in fixed width • Preserves space characters, CR • Allows for character emphasis • Anchors and text highlighting tags only 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 25 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Forms - 1 <H 1> Form Example </H 1> <FORM ACTION="mailto: colket@acm. org" METHOD="POST"> <B>Last Name: </B><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" MAXLENGTH="255" NAME="Lastname"> <B>First Name: </B><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" MAXLENGTH="255" NAME="Firstname"><Br> <B>Address Line 1: </B><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" MAXLENGTH="255" SIZE="50" NAME="Address 1"><Br> <B>Address Line 2: </B><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" MAXLENGTH="255" SIZE="50" NAME="Address 2"><Br> <B>City: </B><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" MAXLENGTH="40" NAME="City"> <B>State: </B><SELECT NAME="State" > <OPTION SELECTED> DC <OPTION> MD <OPTION> VA </SELECT> <B>Zip: </B><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" MAXLENGTH="15" NAME="Zip"> Action Text Input Text Options <P><B>Area Code: </B><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" MAXLENGTH="3" SIZE="3" NAME="Area_Code"> <B>Phone: </B><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" MAXLENGTH="15" NAME="Phone"> <B>E-mail: </B><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" MAXLENGTH="80" SIZE="30" NAME="Email"> <P><B>Volunteer Interests: </B> [<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="Interests" VALUE="Program" CHECKED>Program] [<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="Interests" VALUE="Publicity">Publicity] [<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="Interests" VALUE="Local">Local Arrangements] <SMALL><EM>(Multiple items can be selected. )</EM></SMALL> <P><B>Ada Awareness Initiative: </B> <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="Ada_awareness" VALUE="Yes" CHECKED > Yes <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="Ada_awareness" VALUE="No" > No <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="Ada_awareness" VALUE="Maybe"> Maybe <SMALL><EM>(Only one item can be selected. )</EM></SMALL><Br> <CENTER><TEXTAREA COLS=60 ROWS=4 WRAP="on" NAME="Special_Notes"> Enter any special comments you might have here. </TEXTAREA></CENTER> <P> <INPUT TYPE="submit" NAME="sub" VALUE="Send Form"> <INPUT TYPE="reset" VALUE="Reset Form"> </FORM> Checkboxes Radios Text Areas Submit/Reset 13 November 2000 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda WWW 26
Forms - 2 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 27 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Forms - 3 <FORM ACTION="mailto: colket@acm. org" METHOD="POST"> Netscape returns as attachment Type: Email = Subject: Form posted from Mozilla application/x-www-form-urlencoded Lastname=Colket&Firstname=Currie Others return in different formats. &Address 1=9906+Dale+Ridge+Court &Address 2=&City=Vienna&State=VA&Zip=22181 -5348 &Area_Code=703&Phone=883 -7381 &Email=colket%40 acm. org &Interests=Program&Ada_awareness=Yes &Special_Notes=This+is+a+demonstration+of+posting+forms. +Notice+how+the+text+automatically+wraps +around+as+the+information+is+typed. %0 D%0 A++&sub=Send+For m < FORM ACTION ="https: //swww. acm. org/signup. cgi" method="post"> David Wheeler will address Ada 95 Bindings to CGI Use Ada 95 bindings to CGI to automatically process form. • Automatically confirm submission of form • Automatically update database 13 November 2000 © analysis of John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler • Perform other. Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, submitted information for ACM SIGAda WWW 28
Using the HTML <Head> TITLE (Only required <HEAD> Element) • Used as name for Bookmarks (those >60 are blank) • Used to label display window or text screen • Used by browsers as quick index mechanism Example: <TITLE> ACM SIGAda Home Page </TITLE> META (Optional - But highly recommended) • Used for Meta information not explicitly defined elsewhere, Examples: <META NAME=“Keywords” CONTENT= “Ada, Safety-Critical, SE”> <META HTTP-EQUIV=“Creation-Date” CONTENT= “ 17 -Oct-99”> BASE (Optional & NOT Recommended) • Used for recording the base URL of the document • Prevents relative links from developmental environments • Recorded as URL in Bookmarks instead of actual URL Example: <BASE HREF=“http: //www. acm. org/SIGAda/index. html” > 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 29 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Netscape Composer 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 30 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Creating Tables 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 31 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Effective Design Strategies Appropriate to Disseminating Information Clyde Roby IDA Note: Originally developed by Brad Balfour of Objective Interface 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 32 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
This Section: Concept and Goals • Main Goal: – To help understand the many ways that the WWW can be used to communicate information • Secondary Goal: – To help new “designers” to effectively choose appropriate techniques from among the many that the web provides • Technique: Descriptive rather than Prescriptive • Present a series of questions to be asked in order to decide what structure and techniques to use to build the web pages (web site) • Also will present a list of “rules” (both the commonly agreed upon and the controversial) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 33 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Building A Collection of Web Pages — Things to Think About • • • The Audience Ways the Audience Gets Info and Gets Notified of Changes Frequency of Browsing by Audience Why Does the Audience Need Your Site What Makes the Site Attractive Kinds of Sites Types of Information Provided Organizing the Information Types of Content Design Tips/“Rules” 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 34 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
The Audience • Who are they? • What do they need? • What do they want? • How experienced are they? • What do they already know? • What do they want to find out? • How similar are they to the webmaster? • How different are they from the webmaster? • Are they using modern browsers on fast machines? • Are their graphics enabled? 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 35 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ways the Audience Gets Info and Gets Notified of Changes • Push versus Pull Site Info • Push versus Pull Change Notification – Interrupt versus Polling – Most web sites are pull only and have no push content » Not even for notification of changes/updates/new info • • • Browsing oriented site info organization Search oriented site info organization “Channels” E-mail notification plus Web-Site Print “Ads” notification of web-site (or TV) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 36 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Frequency of Browsing by Audience • • • Multiple Times a Day Daily Weekly Monthly When Notified Only when first found – Or found via a search engine – Or found via a link to the site from the outside • When ready to purchase • Reference Only (based on external need for info) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 37 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Why Does the Audience Need Your Site • • • Uniqueness? Timeliness? Loyalty? Membership? Who is your Competition? – – – Within SIGAda Within Ada Community Within ACM Within the community of programming languages With the software development community 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 38 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
What Makes the Site Attractive • • Content? Look and Feel? Responsiveness? Satisfying the Audience’s need? How much is too much? How much is too little? Issues: – – Connection Speed (everyone focuses on this) Form versus Content (is it “versus”? ) Uniqueness versus Sameness Freshness of content and form 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 39 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Kinds of Sites • Informational – e. g. , medicine, academia, most. org • News – e. g. , CNN, MSNBC, ESPN • Product/Service Oriented (Sales secondary via ads) – e. g. , Kelly Blue Book • Sales/Selling Oriented – e. g. , “catalog” ordering, Ford, most product companies • Organizational - Member Oriented – e. g. , info to members only or predominately • Organizational - Outreach Oriented – e. g. , get new members to join based on info 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 40 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Types of Information Provided (SIGAda specific) • • Technical info Copies of printed publications Software (source code and/or executables) Papers Data on experiences/results Membership info Organizational infrastructure (e. g. , meeting minutes, org. structure, motions, charter, etc) • Historical info (e. g. , past e-mail list traffic archive, conference results) • Contact info • Links to other sites 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 41 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Organizing the Information • Types: – – • • Linear Hierarchy Graph (DAG) Random Depth of Links Breadth of Links What is the relationship between the contents What do people need to find? – What do they know when they want to find it? • Search oriented users versus Browsing users 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 42 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Types of Content • Text • Graphics • Multimedia – Video – Sound • Stored Documents – Ftp – Served Interactively – (format: PDF, PS, text) • Software – – Source Executable Browsed on-line (hyperlinked) Downloaded • Steak versus Sizzle • Content versus Presentation • Competition • General overall Level of “Professionalism” • Native to the browser versus needs plug-in • Use of Java. Script • Use of Java • Use of cgi 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 43 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Design Tips/“Rules” Commonly Agreed Upon Controversial (like Multiple Inheritance) • No blinking text • KISS • Frames • Don’t overwhelm with • All sites must be fast to graphics download – What’s the connection speed • Navigate with text instead of your users (home versus of/in addition to any image work) maps (unless the navigation is truly graphical like a map) • Make the organization obvious (and help show users where they are at all times) • Keep links & site up to date 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 44 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Tools to Manage Development of Web Pages Clyde Roby IDA roby@ida. org 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 45 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Goal and Concepts • Goal: Development, Management, and Update of a Web Site (many web pages) • Development and Organization • Management • Updating the Web Site • Fixing the Web Site • Tools to do the Job • An Example: The ASIS Web Site 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 46 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Web Development • Local Development of Web Pages • Development of Informational Materials • Moving Your Web Pages to the Web Site 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 47 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Web Management • • • Who Comes to the Web Site? What do they Visit on the Web Site? How Often do they Visit/Return? How do they Retrieve/Use the Information? Why do they Visit the Web Site? 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 48 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Updating the Web Site • Local Update of Web Pages • Updating of Informational Materials • Updating Pages on the Web Site 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 49 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Fixing the Web Site • • • Broken Links Wrong Information Outdated Information ISP Problems Notification to the Webmaster 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 50 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
WWW Tools • • Tools to Develop the Web Site Tools to Manage the Web Site Tools to Update the Web Site Tools to Find and Fix the Problems 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 51 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
The ASIS Web Site • ASIS Specification • ASIS Tutorial Pages • Information Updates – Technical Information – Vendor Product Information • ASIS Bibliography • Notification to SIGAda-ASIS members • Membership Updates 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 52 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
What This Means • Test your web site locally • Follow a few simple rules – Information on Home Page – Links Among Pages on Web Site – ALT for ALL Graphics Images <IMG SRC=“stuff. gif” ALT=“Description of Stuff”> – Use height and width in graphics – Information and Documents served via links “Save As” – Relatively Short Pages (50 K Bytes Max) – For links greater than 50 K Bytes, indicate size 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 53 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Easy Web Site Development • Home Page Information – Table of Contents – Points of Contact – Becoming Involved • RELATIVE links – Facilitates development of Web pages – Avoid links with. . Or. . /. . (viewed as a security violation) • Directory Structure “behind the scenes” • Internal links to main/home page and to sponsoring organization • Proof pages likely to be printed (e. g. , maps, program) – Verify colors are easily readable when printed on black & white – Verify likely page break does not interfere with content use 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 54 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Page Creation Web Sites • • www. microsoft. com/sitebuilder members. aol. com/royalef/gifanim. htm ds. dial. pipex. com/fw/animgifs. htm www. barebones. com www. demon. co. uk/Tangent/butwor. html www. webtechs. com/html-val-svc/ htc. rit. edu/klephacks/markup. html web. cs. bgsu. edu/morphapplet. html 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 55 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
HTML Editors for Macs • www. yahoo. com/Computers/World_Wide_Web/HT ML_Editors/Macintosh • www. uwtc. washington. edu/Computing/WWW/Mac /Directory. html • www. awa. com/nct/software/webtools. html • www. vermeer. com/soft. htm 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 56 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Mac HTML Editors • • www. navisoft. com/register/client/MP_Trial_1. 01. sit. hqx www. navisoft. com/NS/Insert. Row/navipress pre ftp: //bradley. edu/pub/guru/ps 2 html-v 2. html dragon. acadiau. ca/~giles/HTML_Editor_Documentation. html sec-look. uiowa. edu/about/projects/arachnid-page. html ftp: //ftp. cray. com/src/WWWstuff/RTF/Users_Guide. html www. ceneca. com/Ordering. html 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 57 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
General Info for Web Developers • • • the-tech. mit. edu: 80/KPT/Toms/index. html linestone. kosone. com/people/nelsonl/nl. htm www. info. net/~rdralph/icons/symbols/ abs. apple. com/apple-internet/authoring/ the-tech. mit. edu/cgi-bin/KPT_bgs. pl www. netscape. com/assist/net_sites/bg/backgrounds. html www. issi. com/people/russ/backgrounds. html www. primenet. com/~piglett/textures. html www. designsys. com/champ/background. html www. sci. kun. nl/thalia/guide/color/faq. html www. vmedia. com/archives/clipart/index. html • www. cuteftp. com 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 58 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Using ACM WWW and Mailing List Facilities John Mc. Cormick University of Northern Iowa 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 59 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
The SIGAda Home Page • Is a gateway to a lot of good information for the Ada community • It is difficult for one volunteer with a full time job to keep all of this information up to date – Bad links sprout like mushrooms – Lots of old news 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 60 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Solution - More Volunteers • We already have – Volunteers from some local SIGAda Chapters – Volunteers from some SIGAda working groups 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 61 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Local SIGAda Chapters with Web Presence • • Baltimore Jersey Shore Twin Cities Washington, DC 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 62 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
SIGAda Working Groups with “Recent” Web Presence • • • Ada as an HDL WG (forming) Ada Bindings ASIS Commercial Ada Users Education – Jobs page (Searching for student worker) • Safety and Security 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 63 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
More Help Needed in • • • Tools, bindings, and components Ada news Ada advocacy Additional locals Additional working groups 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 64 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
This Tutorial • Stated agenda – Provide volunteers (including myself) with the basic information necessary to effectively disseminate information using the world wide web. • My personal agenda – Recruit volunteers 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 65 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
ACM WWW • ACM hosts SIG websites – RS/6000 UNIX server – turing. acm. org – Moving to perl. acm. org running Red Hat Linux 6. 1 • Home directory for SIGAda is /acminfo/1/sigs/sigada or /usr 2/info/sigs/sigada 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 66 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Procedures for Setting up a Local or Working Group Home Page • Option 1 Set up on your own machine and send me the URL – Currently used by all locals except DC – Not used by any Working Group • Option 2 Set up on ACM’s Turing – Currently used by all active working groups 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 67 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Setting up Pages on Turing • Requires an account on Turing • I will set up a subdirectory in which to put the home page • We use UNIX groups and permissions to control access to SIGAda subdirectories 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 68 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Getting a Turing Account • Send me the following information – – – – Name Company / Institution Address Telephone and FAX numbers e-mail address ACM membership number Preferred login name (8 character limit) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 69 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Who Can Update a Page? • Whoever is in the group that owns the file • I welcome suggestions for policy and means of enforcement. 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 70 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Guidance for Organizing Files • Each working group and local chapter on Turing is rooted in their own subdirectory • All groups currently use a flat organization • There are currently 19 subdirectories in the SIGAda root directory 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 71 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Suggestions for Pages • Link to SIGAda home page • Link to ACM home page • Page owner name with e-mail link (blank if maintained by SIGAda Secretary) • Date last modified • Should we design templates? 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 72 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Use of Private Directories with Passwords • ACM now provides this ability via their member account names • www. acm. org/infodir/services/access_control. html • Access control lists set up by ACM support – Based on subscription services or – list individual account names maintained by SIG Information Director 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 73 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
CGI • SIGAda used CGI scripts for SIGAda 2000 Conference Registration • turing. acm. org did not have an Ada compiler available; perl. acm. org does have an Ada compiler • SIGAda is working with ACM to have the Ada 95 cgi interfaces available on perl. acm. org • ACM policy is that each SIG is on its own 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 74 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
ACM Mailing Lists • ACM uses Listserv software • Complete documentation at – http: //www. acm. org/infodir/services/listserv/doc. html (links to) – http: //www. lsoft. com/manuals/1. 8 d/index. html: » LISTSERV List Owner's Quick Start » LISTSERV List Owner's Manual » LISTSERV General User's Guide • All lists @acm. org – http: //www. lsoft. com/SCRIPTS/WL. EXE? XH=ACM. ORG 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 75 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
SIGAda Mailing Lists - 1 SIGADA-ABWG SIGADA-ANNOUNCE SIGADA-ASIS-OFFICERS SIGADA-ASIS-TECH SIGADA-AWARDS SIGADA-DC-EC SIGADA-EDITORS SIGADA-EEC SIGADA-LIAISONS SIGADA-LOCALS SIGADA-MEETINGS SIGADA-MEMBERS SIGADA-OOWG SIGADA-PAST-EC SIGADA-TALK SIGADA-WG SIGADA 2000 -COMMITTEE SIGADA 2001 -COMMITTEE SIGADA 99 -COMMITTEE Ada Bindings Working Group (63 subscribers) Announcement List (846 subscribers) Ada Semantic Interface Spec. Working Group (21 subscribers) ASIS Officers Mailing List (11 subscribers) ASIS Technical Discussion Group (93 subscribers) Awards Announcement List (2 subscribers) DC SIGAda Chapter Mailing List (229 subscribers) DC SIGAda Chapter Officers Mailing List (16 subscribers) SIGAda Executive Committee Mailing List (8 subscribers) Ada Letters Editors (2 subscribers) SIGAda Extended Executive Committee (no subscriber) Liaisons to Ada Organizations Around the World (16 subscribers) SIGAda Local Chapter Chairs (17 subscribers) Meetings Committee (1 subscriber) Discussion List (2 subscribers) Object Oriented Working Group (36 subscribers) Previous Executive Committee Mailing List (7 subscribers) Ongoing Discussion (56 subscribers) Working Group Chairs (22 subscribers) SIGAda 1999 COMMITTEE email distribution list (20 subscribers) SIGAda 2000 COMMITTEE email distribution list (28 subscribers) SIGAda 2001 COMMITTEE email distribution list (25 subscribers) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 76 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
SIGAda Mailing Lists - 2 ADA-COMMENT ADASAGE ARG TEAM-ADA WG 9 Public Comments on the International Ada Standard (1 subscriber) Ada. Sage tool discussion (448 subscribers) Ada Rapporteur Group of WG 9; managing the Ada issues (33 subscribers) Team Ada: Ada Advocacy Issues (83 & 95) (331 subscribers) ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 9 (Ada) - Ada standardization topics (62 subscribers) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 77 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Requesting a List • Send me the necessary information (detailed on following slides) • I’ll arrange for ACM Support to set up the list 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 78 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Name and Description • List Name – Prefix with SIGAda – Maximum of 24 characters • Descriptive Title – Prefix with ACM SIGAda – Maximum of 70 characters 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 79 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Subscription Options • By owner Requests to subscribe are forwarded to the list owner for approval • Open Requests to subscribe are accepted; anyone can join • Closed Requests to subscribe are rejected. List owner adds subscribers 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 80 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Senders (who can post) • Public Anyone can post • Editors/Moderators Messages posted from non -editors are forwarded to moderators for approval • Owners Only list owners can post • Private Only list subscribers can post (this option can be problematic) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 81 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Review (who can see who subscribes) • Private • Owner • Public Subscribers can review Only the list owner can review Anyone can review 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 82 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
List Archive • • No Monthly Weekly Yearly 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 83 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Sample List Announcement Welcome To The Washington DC SIGAda Chapter Announcements List. This list is intended to keep you informed of important ACM SIGAda information in the Washington DC area including upcoming local DC and Baltimore SIGAda chapter meetings, local software engineering conferences, and other professional activities. You may leave this list at any time by sending mailto: LISTSERV@ACM. ORG with the following one line body: SIGNOFF SIGAda_DC If you need to change your email address, please signoff from your old system, as above, and resubcribe to the maillist from your new system by sending mailto: LISTSERV@ACM. ORG with the following one line body: SUBSCRIBE SIGAda_DC If you no longer have access to your old email address, please send mailto: SIGAda_DC_Request@acm. org requesting that your old address be removed and your new address be added. If you have any questions about this list, please mailto: SIGAda_DC_Request@acm. org. Additional information on the SIGAda_DC maillist is available on the DC SIGAda Home Page at: http: //www. acm. org/sigs/sigada/locals/dc/ You are encouraged to notify your colleagues about this opportunity for professional software information. You do not need to be a member of ACM to subscribe. Please save this message for future reference. 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 84 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Useful Listserv Commands - 1 Send messages to: LISTSERV@acm. org • To add a person (to SIGAda_DC@acm. org): Add SIGAda_DC Colket@ACM. ORG Currie Colket pw=123456 Quiet Add SIGAda_DC Colket@ACM. ORG Currie Colket pw=123456 • To delete a person Delete SIGAda_DC Colket@ACM. ORG pw=1234546 Quiet Delete SIGAda_DC Colket@ACM. ORG pw=123456 • To see the current list Review SIGAda_DC pw=123456 Warning: if outgoing messages wrap at 72 characters, a CR is added and message is not recognized by listserv 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 85 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Useful Listserv Commands - 2 • To add many people at a time ADD SIGAda_DC DD=Initial. List //Initial. List DD * brosgol@ACM. ORG Clyde. Roby@ACM. ORG hal. hart@ACM. ORG bscrawford@AOL. COM mangold@ATM-COMPUTER. DE colket@COLKET. ORG mccormic@CS. UNI. EDU sroliver@CSC. CALPOLY. EDU roby@IDA. ORG colket@MITRE. ORG /* IMPORT PW=123456 Ben Brosgol Clyde Roby Hal Hart Bard Crawford Karlotto Mangold Currie Colket John Mc. Cormick Ron Oliver No commas, Clyde Roby Use quotes Currie Colket etc. Warning: if outgoing messages wrap at 72 characters, a CR is added and listserv may process things very wrong 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 86 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Useful Listserv Commands - 3 • To update list header PUT SIGAda_DC LIST PW=123456 Added * ACM DC SIGAda email distribution list * Owner= colket@MITRE. ORG (Currie Colket) * Owner= colket@COLKET. ORG (Currie Colket) * Owner= Quiet: * Owner= mccormic@nova. cs. uni. edu (John Mc. Cormick) * Notebook=Yes, /home/listserv/home/notebooks/sigada_DC, Monthly, Private * Errors-To= Owner * Subscription= by owner * Ack= Yes * Confidential= No * Files= No * Notify= No * Mail-Via= Distribute * Validate= No * Reply-to= Sender, Respect * Review= Private * Send= Public * Stats= Normal, Private * X-Tags= Yes * Default-Options= No. Files, No. Repro * Warning: if outgoing messages wrap at 72 characters, a CR is added and message is not recognized by listserv 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 87 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Introduction to Ada. CGI David A. Wheeler IDA 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 88 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Outline • • • Intro: myself, Ada. CGI, Alternatives Using Ada for Web Apps (+ and -) High-Level: License, Basics Using Ada. CGI: Minimal Example, Debugging and Installing Special: Get/Post, Cookies, Security, Recent Additions, Limitations • Ada. CGI spec & Long Example (“Search”) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 89 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
What is Ada. CGI? • Ada Library implementing the “Common Gateway Interface” (CGI) – CGI is the most common interface for web-enabled programs (“web apps”) – CGI is language & platform neutral • Permits development of cross-platform webenabled Ada programs • http: //www. dwheeler. com/adacgi 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 90 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
CGI: General Concept (1 of 2) 1 Web Browser (Client) 6 HTTP Web Server CGI (2) 3 4 Web Program/ (5) Application 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 91 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
CGI: General Concept (2 of 2) • When CGI is used, the following occurs: 1. Web browser sends request to web server 2. Web server determines that it must start web application; determines which one & starts it 3. Web application starts, loads data sent by web server (primarily as keys and their values; keys can duplicate) 4. Web application responds (via stdout), with a header (saying what it’s replying) followed by data 5. Web application exits (quits) once done 6. Web server passes this data on to user’s browser 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 92 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
CGI Alternatives • Fast. CGI – – Keeps web app alive (instead of restarting per request) (+) Better performance (eliminates startup) (-) More work developing app (must reset all state) (-) Less robust (app must survive many requests) • Server-specific (proprietary) APIs – (+) Even better performance (eliminates startup & IPC) – (-) Lock-in to a particular web server – (-) Even less robust (error may take down server) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 93 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ada. CGI Alternatives • Doug Smith’s Web. Ada CGI – – – Derived from an old version of Ada. CGI (+) generic iterators, can remove keys, re-parser (-) no cookies, complex use, buggy decoders, little doc, unmaintained We’ve agreed that I’ll remerge his into mine (in time) www. adasmith. com/webada/source • Binding to C (ugh) • Un-CGI – Converts CGI data to environment vars “WWW_name” – No cookies, multivalue keys ambiguous, slow, ugh 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 94 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Why use Ada for Web Apps? • Excellent Run-Time Performance – better than interpreters (Perl), can be > typical JVM – CGI low performance, so relevant iff compute-bound • • • Excellent compile-time checking Highly readable (especially vs. Perl) Increased security over C/C++ (bounds checking) Prefer Ada Have existing Ada applications 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 95 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Weaknesses of Ada for Web Apps • Wordiness (not best for short scripts) • Less convenient string handling • Regular expressions not built-in – Can use GNAT’s library, but fewer capabilities and can’t optimize like Perl • Fewer web-app-specific and related support libraries • Often, must separately install Ada library 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 96 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ada. CGI License • Ada. CGI is free, free software, open source • Open Source License: LGPL + 2 clauses: – “GNAT clause”: don’t need to distribute separate object files – Web users must be able to get and redistribute your version of the Ada. CGI library • Can use to develop proprietary programs, but the Ada. CGI library must stay open 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 97 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ada. CGI Basics • “with CGI”: initialization autoloads data • Two ways to access CGI data: – an associative array (given key & optional key count, returns value) – indexed sequence (given index, =>key or value) • Call Put_CGI_Header to start returning data – by default, to return HTML • Then send results (HTML? ) to standard out • Use String or Unbounded_String directly 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 98 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
“Minimal” Web App Example with CGI, Text_IO; use CGI, Text_IO; procedure Minimal is begin Put_CGI_Header; -- We will reply with a generated HTML document. -- Output <HTML><HEAD>…. </HEAD><BODY>: Put_HTML_Head("Minimal Form Demonstration”); if CGI. Input_Received then -- Check if input was received. Put_Variables; -- Input received; show all variable values. else -- No input received; reply with a simple HTML form. Put_Line("<FORM METHOD=POST>What's your Name? <INPUT NAME=""name""><INPUT TYPE=""submit""></FORM>"); end if; Put_HTML_Tail; -- End HTML doc, sending </BODY></HTML> end Minimal; 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 99 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Debugging/Testing a Web Program • For debugging & test scripts, can start directly: – setenv REQUEST_METHOD GET – setenv QUERY_STRING key 1=value 1&key 2=. . . – compile, link, run (“. /minimal”) • Output should look like: Content-type: text/html <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Minimal Form Demonstration</TITLE> </HEAD><BODY> <FORM METHOD=POST>What's your Name? <INPUT NAME="username"> <INPUT TYPE="submit"></FORM> </BODY></HTML> 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 100 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Installing a Web Program • To really use it, set up with web server, e. g. : – su – cp minimal /home/httpd/cgi-bin • Run – http: //localhost/cgi-bin/minimal? name=David%20 Wheeler& email=dwheeler@dwheeler. com • Odd problems? Try Put_Variables 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 101 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Get vs. Post • CGI supports two sub-protocols – Get: data can be included in URLs – Post: data can be voluminous • Ada. CGI supports both, merging them – Can use either subprotocol at any time – API hides difference; access data the same way – If you need to know, Ada. CGI will say which, but using this difference is not recommended 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 102 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Cookies • Cookies are small pieces of data – Sent by the server – Stored by the client and sent back when the client recommunicates with the server • Often used in e-commerce (the cookie is an ID indicating the transaction we’re in) • Potential privacy risk: Permits servers to track users (loss of anonymity) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 103 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Security Issues • CGI data comes from untrusted users – identify legal values, and prohibit anything not meeting the legal criteria (min, max, patterns, etc. ) – don’t assume that these values are trustworthy (“price”) – in particular, never trust a filename or directory name – you may need to escape all metacharacters – NIL character • See the many documents available on CGI programming security 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 104 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Additions in Version 1. 5 • Ada. CGI Version 1. 5 added the following: Web. Ada Inspired – – – Cookie_Count HTML_Encode: & becomes & URL_Encode/Decode: % becomes %25 Generic Iterators Key_Value_Exists: Has Key been given Value? 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 105 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Important Limitations • No separate Indexed. Key ADT/OO type for parameters & cookies – parse, modify, remove, save, reload • Doesn’t support file uploads – Rarely used in practice • Only supports GET/POST commands – Others useful for web maintenance (Web. DAV) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 106 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Less Important Limitations • Auto-initializes data on startup • Doesn’t support Fast. CGI – Usually implemented separately anyway • Doesn’t auto-gen form with initial values – Can be done with a higher-level package • String/Unbounded_String awkward • Some subprogram names too similar • Could be broken into multiple packages (? !) 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 107 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ada. CGI Spec: Get-by-key • function Value(Key : in String; Index : in Positive : = 1; Required : in Boolean : = False) return Unbounded_String; • function Key_Exists(Key : in String; Index : in Positive : = 1) return Boolean; • function Key_Count(Key : in String) return Natural; 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 108 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ada. CGI Spec: Get-by-Position • function Argument_Count return Natural; • function Key(Position : in Positive) return String; • function Value(Position : in Positive) return String; 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 109 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ada. CGI Spec: Starting Output • procedure Put_CGI_Header(Header : in String : = "Contenttype: text/html"); – – Puts CGI Header to Current_Output, followed by two carriage returns. This header determines the program's reply type. Default is to return a generated HTML document. Warning: Make calls to Set_Cookie before calling this procedure! 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 110 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ada. CGI Spec: Generating HTML Basics • procedure Put_HTML_Head(Title : in String; Mail_To : in String : = ""); – Puts an HTML header with title “Title”: <HTML><HEAD><TITLE> _Title_ </TITLE> <LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto: _Mail_To_ "> </HEAD><BODY> • procedure Put_HTML_Heading(Title : in String; Level : in Positive); – Put an HTML heading, e. g. <H 1>Title</H 1>. • procedure Put_HTML_Tail; – P ut HTML tail, I. e. : </BODY></HTML> 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 111 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ada. CGI Spec: Watch Out, Excessively Similar Names! • Put_CGI_Header – Content-type: text/html • Put_HTML_Head – <HTML><HEAD>…</HEAD><BODY> • Put_HTML_Heading – <H 1>…</H 1> 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 112 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ada. CGI Spec: Generating HTML Miscellania • procedure Put_Error_Message(Message : in String); – This Puts an HTML_Head, an HTML_Heading, the message, and an HTML_Tail. – Call "Put_CGI_Header" before calling this. • procedure Put_Variables; – Put to Current_Output all of the CGI variables as an HTML-formatted String. 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 113 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ada. CGI Spec: Miscellaneous • • function Input_Received return Boolean function My_URL return String; function Get_Environment(Variable : in String) return String; Line_Count, Line_Count_of_Value, Line, Value_of_Line: handle multi-line values 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 114 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Ada. CGI Spec: Cookies (new feature of Ada. CGI 1. 4) • Set_Cookie(Key : String; Value : String; Expires : String : = ""; Path: String : = …; Domain: String : = …; Secure: Boolean : = False ); – Sets a cookie value; call this BEFORE calling Put_CGI_Header. • function Cookie_Value(Key : in String; Index : in Positive : = 1; Required : in Boolean : = False) return Unbounded_String; • function Cookie_Value(Position : in Positive) return String; 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 115 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
“Search” Example: Top with CGI, …; use CGI, …; procedure Search is. . . begin Put_CGI_Header; if Key_Exists("query") and Key_Exists("file") then Process_Query; else Generate_Blank_Form; end if; Put_HTML_Tail; end Search; 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 116 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
“Search” Example: Generate_Blank_Form (1 of 4) Put_HTML_Head("Text Search Form"); Put_HTML_Heading("Text Search Form", 1); Put_Line("<P>You may search for a text phrase from any of the given files. <P><FORM METHOD=POST>"); Put_Line("What do you want to search for: <P>"); declare Query_String : constant String : = CGI. Value ("query"); File_Value : constant String : = CGI. Value ("file"); begin Put_Line("<INPUT NAME=""query"" SIZE=40"); if Query_String /= "" then - - if query set, use as default Put(" VALUE="); Put(String'(Value("query"))); end if; Put_Line("><P>"); 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 117 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
“Search” Example: Generate_Blank_Form (2 of 4) - - if file set, then save it in form & display its value. - - otherwise, let the user select the file to search. if Key_Exists("file") and File_Value /= "" then Put("<INPUT TYPE=""hidden"" NAME=""file"" VALUE="""); Put(String'(Value("file") & """>")); Put("<P>You will be searching file <I>"); Put(String'(Value("file"))); Put_Line("</I><P>"); else Put_Line("Where do you want to search? <P>"); Put_Select_List; end if; end; -- declare block 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 118 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
“Search” Example: Generate_Blank_Form (3 of 4) - - if “casesensitive” set, save in form invisibly, else ask user if Key_Exists("casesensitive") then Put_Line(String'("<INPUT TYPE=""hidden"" NAME=""casesensitive"" VALUE=""" & Value("casesensitive") & """>")); else Put_Line("Do you want this search to be case-sensitive? "); Put_Line(”<DL><DD><INPUT TYPE=""radio"" NAME=""casesensitive" " VALUE=""yes""> <I>Yes. </I>"); Put_Line("<DD><INPUT TYPE=""radio"" NAME=""casesensitive"" VALUE=""no"" CHECKED> <I>No. </I>"); Put_Line("</DL>"); end if; 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 119 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
“Search” Example: Generate_Blank_Form (4 of 4) - - Generate submit and reset buttons form Put_Line("<P> <INPUT TYPE=""submit"" VALUE=""Submit Query"">"); Put_Line("<INPUT TYPE=""reset""> "); Put_Line("</FORM>"); 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 120 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
“Search” Example: Process_Query (1 of 2) procedure Process_Query is User_File_To_Search : constant String : = CGI. Value("file"); File_To_Search : constant String : = - - Don’t trust user to set this! Real_File_Name(U(User_File_To_Search)); Pattern : constant String : = Value("query"); Case_Sensitive : Boolean : = False; Case_Sensitivity : constant String : = Value ("casesensitive"); begin Put_HTML_Head("Query Result"); Put_HTML_Heading("Query Result", 1); Put_Line(String'("<P>The search for <I>" & Value("query") & "</I>")); Put_Line(String'(" in file <I>" & Value("file") & "</I>")); 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 121 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
“Search” Example: Process_Query (2 of 2) if Case_Sensitivity = "yes" then Case_Sensitive : = True; Put_Line(" in a case-sensitive manner"); end if; Put_Line("produced the following result: <P>"); Put_Line("<PRE>"); Flush; Put_Matches(File_To_Search, Pattern, Case_Sensitive); Put_Line("</PRE>"); end Process_Query; 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 122 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
In Conclusion. . . • You can make web apps in Ada! – Get it at http: //www. dwheeler. com/adacgi – EMailing: adacgi-list-request@adapower. com message body “subscribe” – Linux packaging: http: //www. gnuada. org • Use the current version of Ada. CGI – Currently version 1. 5 • Patches welcome • Go forth & have fun! 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 123 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Introduction to XML Currie Colket MITRE 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 124 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Motivation for XML Book Title Author Date ISBN Publisher HTML Dumbs Down <html>. . . <P> Title: Programming in Ada 95 (Second Edition)<Br> Author: John Barnes<Br> Date: July, 1998 <Br> ISBN: 0 -201 -34293 -6 <Br> Useful for Presentation only Publisher: Addison-Wesley <Br> Limited Content accessibility </P>. . . </html> 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 125 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
What is XML • Produced by W 3 C as recommendation; voted on by Consortium members http: //www. w 3. org/XML/ • XML is a method for putting structured data in a text file • XML looks a bit like HTML but isn't HTML tags delimit data; in HTML tags communicate presentation • XML is text, but isn't meant to be read strict rules; a forgotten tag makes the entire file useless • XML is a family of specifications XML 1. 0 - specifies tags and attributes, and Document Type Definition (DTD) guidelines Xlink - describes a standard way to add links to an XML file Xpointers and Xfragments point to portions of an XML file CSS - Cascading Style Sheets provide mechanism to present content documents XSL - Extensible Style Language is the advanced language for expressing style sheets XSLT - Transformations (XSLT) is the semantics for transforming one XML document into another DOM - Document Object Model allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of documents XML Namespaces - specifies how you can associate a URL with every single tag and attribute in an XML document RDF - Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a foundation for processing metadata; it provides interoperability between applications that exchange data on the Web. Xschema - Specifications help developers define their own schemas and many more 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 126 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
XML Interfaces Validation XML Parser e. g. , msxml DTD “Produce content XML once and output From library of common DTDs in many different formats. ” XML Other Application XML DOM Processing Apps XSL 1 HTML Browser User 1 13 November 2000 XSL 2 HTML Browser User 2 XSL 3 Output for Printer © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda Database Query Application SIGAda WWW 127
XML Schema Example Book_Catalogue Note: “*” means “zero or many” “? ” means “is optional ” “+” means “one or more” Book* Title Author+ Date ISBN Publisher Month? Year Attributes for each book: Category - autobiography/non-fiction/fiction In_Stock - yes/no (no default) Reviewer - null default 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 128 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
XML DTD Example <!-- A book catalogue contains zero or more books --> <!ELEMENT Book_Catalogue (Book)*> <!-- A Book has a Title, one or more Authors, a Date, an ISBN, and a Publisher --> <!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author+, Date, ISBN, Publisher)> <!-- A Book has three attributes - Category, In_Stock, and Reviewer. --> <!-- Category must be either “autobiography”, “non-fiction”, or “fiction”. --> <!-- A value must be supplied whenever a Book element is used within a document. --> <!-- In_Stock can be either “yes” or “no”. If not supplied it defaults to “no”. --> <!-- Reviewer contains the name of the reviewer. It defaults to "" if not supplied --> <!ATTLIST Book Category (autobiography | non-fiction | fiction) #REQUIRED In_Stock (yes | no) “no” Reviewer CDATA “” > <!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT Author (#PCDATA)> <!-- A Date may have a Month. It must have a Year. --> <!ELEMENT Date (Month? , Year)> <!ELEMENT ISBN (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT Publisher (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT Month (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT Year (#PCDATA)> Book_Catalogue. dtd 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 129 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
XML Code Example <xml version=“ 1. 0”> <!DOCTYPE Book_Catalogue SYSTEM “http: //www. DTD_host. org/Book_Catalogue. dtd”> <Book_Catalogue> <Book Need to suck Category = “non-fiction” in the DTD file In_Stock = “yes” Reviewer = “Pat Rogers”> <Title>Programming in Ada 95 (Second Edition)</Title> <Author>John Barnes</Author> <Date> <Year>1998</Year> </Date> <ISBN>0 -201 -34293 -6</ISBN> <Publisher>Addison-Wesley</Publisher> </Book> <Book Category = “non-fiction” In_Stock = “no” Reviewer = “Ted Baker”> <Title>Ada 95: Problem Solving and Program Design, 3 rd Edition</Title> <Author>Michael Feldman</Author> <Author>Elliot Koffman</Author> <Date> <Month>July</Month> <Year>1999</Year> </Date> <ISBN>0 -201 -36123 -X</ISBN> <Publisher>Addison-Wesley</Publisher> </Book> 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 130 </Book_Catalogue> © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda Book_Catalogue. xml
What is XHTML Produced by W 3 C as recommendation; voted on by Consortium members http: //www. w 3. org/TR/xhtml 1/ l Reformulation of HTML 4. 0 in XML 1. 0 l XHTML is intended to be used in conjunction with tags from other X 3 tag sets , so that in principle, you can combine XHTML tags with: l XML tags l Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) tags l Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) tags l Mathematical Markup Language (Math. ML) tags l etc. l XML syntax is used for XHTML, for example: l Make tags case-sensitive l Include end tags e. g. </p> and </li> l Add a / to empty tags, e. g. and <hr /> l Quote all attribute values, e. g. <img src="duck. jpg" /> l Use lower-case for tags and attributes l Old browsers can render XHTML 1. 0 if simple guidelines are followed. l New specification for FORMS based on Data, Logic, and Presentation 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 131 l New specification for Modules to subset and extend XHTML l © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
XML Observations/Opinions l l Technology in early adopter phase - Too early for true lessons learned Phenomenal Excitement: XML is the latest “web thing” Low Barriers to Entry - Incremental development, low investment requirements Significant Industry Offerings in products and tools Reaching critical mass Already internet output for Word in Microsoft Office instead of HTML l l l Cross Disciplines- Unifying framework for exchanging data Requires Tools - Specialized tools needed to develop and use XML; not supported by many browsers HTML Still Viable - XML will not replace HTML for basic presentation of information for many years, if ever 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 132 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
Summary • • Introduction to WWW and SIGAda Home Page as Notional Example Introduction to HTML and use of Netscape Composer Effective Design Strategies Appropriate to Disseminating Information Tools to Manage Development of Web Pages Introduction to Ada CGI Using ACM WWW and Maillist Facilities Introduction to XML You should now be able to: • Use simple web-authoring tools • Develop your own Home Page • Tailor it to effectively communicate to your audience • Establish Home Page on ACM host • Use simple web-posting tools • Use simple web-verification tools • Establish maillists for your activity We are looking for volunteers to “own” portions of the ACM SIGAda Home Page Please contact us if you are interested! 13 November 2000 SIGAda WWW 133 © Currie Colket, Brad Balfour, John Mc. Cormick, Clyde Roby, & David Wheeler for ACM SIGAda
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