Introduction to Power System Dr Jing Wang Head

Introduction to Power System Dr. Jing Wang Head of Institute of Power Electronic and Electric Drive kmhelen@sina. com. cn

I Where does electricity come from? II What is power system? I Where does electricity come from? III Do voltage and frequency matter?

Michael Faraday 1791 -1867 3

magnet Coil electric current 4

Electric current is induced whether a magnet moves near coil or the coil moves in a magnet (relative movement ). magnet coil electric current 5

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How can we keep the coil rotating like that? 7

Types of Power Plants ü Thermal Conventional Sources ü Nuclear ü Hydroelectric ü Wind ü Solar-PV ü Biomass ü Geothermal ü …… Non Conventional Sources

Thermal Power Plant 9 9

Turbines 10

Steam turbine generator set Stator Rotor 11

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Types of Power Plants ü Thermal ü Nuclear ü Hydroelectric ü Wind ü Solar-PV ü Biomass ü Geothermal ü ……

Nuclear Power Plant 14

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Types of Power Plants ü Thermal ü Nuclear ü Hydroelectric ü Wind ü Solar-PV ü Biomass ü Geothermal ü ……

Hydroelectric Power Plant 17

Hydroturbine rotor Stator Rotor 18

Dams Itaipu Hoover 19

Online Materials 1. On electricity, power systems and smart grids Grid 101 - The Power Grid Explained：https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=5 w. F 03 -bqy. Jo Where energy comes from：https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=__z. B 80 Saglk Energy 101: Electricity Generation：https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=20 Vb 6 hl. LQSg What Is the Smart Grid? ：https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Jw. RTp. WZRe. Jk 2. On Generators Nuclear Power: How Nuclear Power Plants Work ：https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_Uwexva. CMWA Thermal power plant：https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r. EJKi. UYj. W 1 E Hydro Power：https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=rn. PEtw. Qtm. GQ https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=tpig. NNTQix 8&list=PLACD 8 E 92715335 CB 2&index=8 Pumped Storage hydropower plant：https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Tt_Nt. TOJEE 8 Wind Power: How Wind Turbines Generate Electricity：https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=mrnul 6 ix. X 90 Wind Turbines：https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=EYYHf. MCw-FI&index=3&list=PLACD 8 E 92715335 CB 2 Solar Power: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=0 elh. Ic. PVt. KE&list=PLACD 8 E 92715335 CB 2&index=16 20

I Where does electricity come from? II What is power system? III Do voltage and frequency matter?

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Steam Turbine G ~ boiler Hydroturbine G ~ boiler Generator G ~ boiler Dam G ~ || G ~ Heat supple network M ~ Power Plants G ~ M ~ boiler M ~ 23

Step-up Transformer Steam Turbine G ~ boiler Hydroturbine G ~ boiler Generator G ~ boiler Dam G ~ || G ~ Heat supple network M ~ Power Plants G ~ M ~ boiler M ~ 24

Transformers £ PURPOSE: to change the voltage • increase = “step-up” • decrease = “step-down” Why need to change Voltages? £ Often run hot, must be Why is that so? cooled, prone to explode. • oil inside • cooling fins and fans • blast walls 25

Electrical Substation 26 26

Step-up Transformer Steam Turbine G ~ boiler Hydroturbine G ~ boiler Generator G ~ boiler Dam G ~ || G ~ Buses Heat supple network M ~ Power Plants G ~ M ~ boiler M ~ 27

Buses £ uninsulated electrical conductors £ large cross-section = low resistance £ must be far from ground and other components to avoid arcing 28

Step-up Transformer G ~ Steam Turbine Transmission lines G ~ boiler Hydroturbine G ~ boiler Generator G ~ boiler Dam G ~ || G ~ Buses Heat supple network M ~ Power Plants G ~ M ~ boiler M ~ 29

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Step-up Transformer G ~ Steam Turbine Transmission lines G ~ boiler Hydroturbine G ~ boiler Generator G ~ boiler Dam G ~ || G ~ Buses Step-down Transformer Distribution lines Heat supple network M ~ Power Plants G ~ M ~ boiler M ~ 34

Step-down transformer 35 35

To your house. . . 36

Step-up Transformer G ~ Steam Turbine Transmission lines G ~ boiler Hydroturbine G ~ boiler Generator G ~ boiler Dam G ~ || G ~ Buses Step-down Transformer Heat supple network Power Plants Consumers M ~ G ~ M ~ boiler M ~ 37

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Electrical power system a network of electrical components used to generate transmit, generate, transmit distribute and consume electric power distribute 39

Electrical power system G ~ Dam G ~ G ~ boiler || G ~ Heat supple network M ~ G ~ M ~ boiler M ~ 40

Power Grid distribution an interconnected network fortransmission and distributing transmitting electricity from suppliers to consumers 41

Power Grid = Electrical power system – generators - consumers G ~ G ~ boiler G ~ Dam G ~ boiler || G ~ Transmission System Distribution System Heat supple network M ~ G ~ M ~ boiler M ~ 42

G ~ Dam G ~ G ~ boiler || G ~ Heat supple network M ~ G ~ M ~ boiler M ~ 43

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G ~ Dam G ~ G ~ boiler G ~ 220 k. V G ~ boiler || G ~ 10. 5 k. V 110 k. V 0. 38 k. V M ~ 50 Hz 60 Hz Heat supple network 10 k. V G ~ M ~ boiler M ~ 45

I Where does electricity come from? II What is power system? III Do voltage and frequency matter?

Questions 1. What is the history of voltages and frequencies? 2. What are voltage levels? Why are they choosed as standards? 3. What kinds of frequencies are chosen as base frequency? Why is that so ? 4. Why are High Voltages Used to transmit power energy? Why is that so? 5. What conditions do we need to use AC or DC systems ? 47

THANK YOU ！ 48