Introduction to Metadata Working Group Forum September 21, 2007 Presented by Metadata Services Department Presenters: Glen Wiley, Nancy Solla, Greg Nehler
PART I: Overview
Bring order to information
Bring order to information Dr. Frank Chardonnay (2005) Metadata • • Type: White Price: $14. 99 Quantity: 750 ml Analysis: Alcohol 13. 3%; Acidity. 56 g/100 ml; p. H 3. 40; Sugar 0. 4% • Description: The floral and fruity personality of this wine with mineral and toasty elements is in harmony with this style of Chardonnay. • Use: Goes great with seafood, a creamy Alfredo sauce, roasted chicken or turkey.
Bring order to information ¢ Categorizes ¢ Contextualizes ¢ Summarizes ¢ Gives local meaning
Definition of Metadata Most common: “Data about data” too vague to be meaningful Definition by ALA CC: DA: l “Metadata are structured, encoded data that describe characteristics of information-bearing entities to aid in the identification, discovery, assessment, and management of the described entities. “ • ALCTS Committee on Cataloging Task Force on Metadata Summary Report (June 1999)
Definition of metadata ¢ “…machine understandable information about web resources or other things” -- Tim Berners-Lee, Director of World Wide Web Consortium ¢ “structured data about resources that can be used to help support a wide range of operations” – Michael Day, UKOLN ¢ “Metadata” comes from the computer science field ¢ Emerged from database research community in the late 60’s and early 70’s ¢ Digital or non-digital; Human or machine readable
Why Metadata? The function of organizing & managing information –for discovery & retrieval –to enable data interchange or sharing –resource enrichment –resource management, including preservation
Why Metadata? What other functions can be supported? • Verification of authenticity • Intellectual property rights management • Content-rating • Authentication and authorization • Personalization and localization of services
Metadata Discovery Where can metadata be found? • Within a resource • Directly linked to the resource • Detached from resource
Metadata can be found… Within a resource l l l Title page and table of contents (books) META tags in document headers (Web pages) ID 3 metadata (MP 3) "file properties" (office documents) EXIF data (images)
Metadata can be found… Directly linked to the resource • Using the Link rel="meta" elements (Web pages) <link rel="meta" href="index. php. rdf" /> Web Page RDF Document Links web page to other metadata formats: Dublin Core, RDF, IEEE LOM, etc
Metadata can be found… Independently managed in a separate database; can be linked by identifiers • This is the most common approach CD-ROM Book Metadata Record Web Resource Metadata Record Archival Object
Metadata for a Manuscript Dublin Core metadata: Archival Object identifier: http: //idserver. utk. edu/? id=200600000001212 publisher: University of Tennessee Libraries format: image/jpeg format: manuscript title: Letter, John Shrady in Knoxville, Tenn. , to Jeannie Lockhart description: In this letter, dated December 25, 1863 from Knoxville, Tenn. , to "My Own Darling, " John Shrady, a regimental surgeon, describes his journey to Knoxville, Tenn via Chattanooga. Additionally, he discusses the probability that he will get an appointment in a hospital, pointing out that the "facilities" are not generally in good shape. subject: Knoxville (Tenn. ) -- History -- Civil War, 1861 -1865. creator: Shrady, John relation: Finding Aid: 1436; John Shrady Letters; Special Collections Library, The University of Tennessee rights: For rights relating to this resource, visit http: //idserver. utk. edu/? id=200600000001198
Functions of metadata Popular Categorizations ¢ Descriptive ¢ Administrative ¢ Structural ¢ Other typologies of metadata l Asset/Use/Subject/Relation l Integration/Semantic
Cornell University Library & Metadata ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ EAD archival finding aids with RMC & Kheel Center VIVO’s semantic metadata Publisher-supplied e-journal metadata MARC records in Voyager Project Euclid subscription-level and issue-level metadata VRA Core metadata with Visual Resources Collections TEI Lite conversion scheme with Hearth Project Etc….
Descriptive Metadata l l Descriptive of the intellectual content Discovery, identification, selection, collocation, acquisition Sample elements: l unique identifiers (PURL, Handle) l physical attributes (media, dimensions condition) l bibliographic attributes (title, author/creator, language, keywords)
Descriptive Metadata Sample implementations: Dublin Core l MARC l HTML Meta Tags ___________________ l l l EAD (Encoded Archival Description) TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) Header METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard) MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema) – MARC-21 -based.
Descriptive Metadata: Libe. Cast RSS feed
Administrative Metadata l l l Technical (file size, resolution, format) Digital Rights Management (authentication, access) Preservation (provenance) Sample elements: Scanner type and model Image resolution Bit depth Color space File format Compression Light source Owner Copyright date Copying and distribution limitations License information Preservation activities
Administrative Metadata Sample implementations: l MOA 2, Administrative Metadata Elements l National Library of Australia, Preservation Metadata for Digital Collections l Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies (PREMIS) l International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) Core
Administrative Metadata From http: //depot. northwestern. edu/~mcdough/l/ala 07 nrmig/metadata-inpractice-northwestern-distro. pdf
Structural Metadata Defining components of information, like a “binder” for information objects Sample elements: l l l l Title page Table of contents Chapters or parts Errata Index sub-object relationship (e. g. , photograph from a diary) Movement markings or section letters (scores) Track listings (audio recordings)
Structural Metadata Sample implementations: l l l Encoded Archival Description (EAD) MOA 2, Structural Metadata Elements Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)
Structural Metadata:
Semantic metadata Definition: ¢ Metadata that describe contextually relevant or domainspecific information about content (in the right context) based on a domain specific metadata model (e. g. , industry -specific or enterprise specific) or ontology is known as semantic metadata. ¢ Semantic metadata annotates or enhances information
Semantic metadata Examples: ¢ ¢ ¢ Cornell’s VIVO Semantic metadata in the business domain could be: l company name, ticker symbol, industry, sector, executives, etc. , Semantic metadata in the intelligence domain could be: l terrorist name, event, location, organization, etc. Metadata that offer greater depth and more insight ‘about the information falls under the semantic metadata category.
Semantic metadata BEA Systems and People. Soft all engage in the "competes with" relationship with Oracle Image from http: //www. semagix. com/documents/SEII. pdf
Metadata building blocks ¢ The basic unit of metadata is a statement. ¢ A statement consists of a property (aka, element) and a value. l l ¢ a resource that has a name and is used to describe a specific aspect, characteristic, attribute or relation used to describe a resource. Since a property is a resource, a property can have properties, but most of the time we are only really interested in the name. Metadata statements describe resources. l l Resources are anything that can be uniquely identified A Resource may be part of a web page or even a whole collection of pages • From DC 2006, Manzanillo, Colima, 3 Oct 2006 Kurth, Basic DC Semantics, slide 7; http: //dublincore. org/resources/training/dc-2006/Tutorial 1. pdf
Metadata building blocks A specific resource together with a named property plus a value of that property for that resource is an statement From DC 2006, Manzanillo, Colima, 3 Oct 2006, Kurth, Basic DC Semantics, slide 8; http: //dublincore. org/resources/training/dc-2006/Tutorial 1. pdf
Metadata building blocks What are the properties and values in these metadata statements? Example 1: 245 00 $a Mann Library Chats in the Stacks $h [electronic resource] Example 2: <title>View of Ithaca Gorge</title> <type>Image</type>
Metadata building blocks A specific resource together with a named property plus a value of that property for that resource is an statement
Metadata Scheme Definitions: l “a set of metadata elements and rules for their uses that has been defined for a particular purpose” -(Caplan, 2003) l A set of metadata elements and the rules for using it. l “A collection of metadata elements gathered to support a function, or a series of functions (e. g. , resource discovery, administration, use, etc. ), for an information object. ” –(Greenberg, 2005)
Metadata Schemas & Initiatives ¢ ¢ ¢ CDWA (Categories for the Description of Works of Art) Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) EAD (Encoded Archival Description) FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) LOM (Learning Object Metadata) METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard) MIX (Metadata for Images in XML Schema) MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema) TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) VRA (Visual Resources Association) Core Categories etc….
Related to metadata schemas ¢ Namespace is a unique place to contextualize elements and to avoid element name conflicts • Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1. 1 [http: //purl. org/dc/elements/1. 1/] • Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus [http: //www. getty. edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/aat] ¢ Syntax is the rules for encoding the elements or technical implementation • XML, SGML, MARC ¢ Content Rules define selection and representation of the elements • Cataloging rules like AACR 2 ¢ Semantics is the basic meaning of the metadata elements • Definition of author
Application Profile ¢ Definition: An application profile is an assemblage of metadata elements selected from one or more metadata schemas and combined in a compound schema. • SOURCE: Duval, E. , et al. Metadata Principles and Practicalities, D-Lib Magazine, April 2002, http: //www. dlib. org/dlib/april 02/weibel/04 weibel. html Schema 1 Metadata Record Schema 2 Metadata Record
Application Profile Subsets of metadata elements implemented by a particular group • METS profile for primary textual resources • ETD-MS, Dublin Core for ETDs • Particular Library’s Application Profile for Digital Collections
Application Profile KMODDL Application Profile http: //kmoddl. library. cornell. edu/aboutmeta 2. php l Specifies the elements, refinements and encoding schemes used by The Kinematic Models for Design Digital Library (KMODDL) for its metadata records
Application Profile Identifying desired metadata elements for the collection l l l l l What are the desired elements? Is there an explanation and description of the element? Do you have an example? Is the implementation mandatory or optional? Repeatable? What common or core data is needed? What data do your various user groups need? What established data standards (e. g. , MARC, EAD, CDWA) might fit the information needs of your institution? What data do you intend to “deliver” to your various end-user groups? Relationship and dependency specification
Application Profile ¢ Decision for value spaces: content and value specifications, vocabularies l What is the element’s name and how do you define its value? ELEMENT NAMES: VALUE CONTROL Agent – vra. agent Title – vra. title Language – dc. language Collection Type – cu. collectiontype Agent --Yes, name authority Local & LC Name Authority --Yes, by rule Personal: Last, M. First Organization: Bigger unit, smaller unit --No
Interoperability Facilitating interoperability l Using defined metadata schemes, shared transfer protocols, and crosswalks between schemes, resources across the network can be searched more seamlessly. • Cross-system search, e. g. , using Z 39. 50 protocol; • Metadata harvesting, e. g. , OAI protocol. • Source: NISO. (2004) Understanding Metadata. Bethesda, MD: NISO Press, pp. 1 -2.
Crosswalking Metadata Definition of crosswalk: l Technical & semantic mapping of elements from one metadata framework to another metadata framework l "a set of transformations applied to the content of elements in a source metadata standard that results in the storage of appropriately modified content in the analogous elements of a target metadata standard. " • Source: NISO White Paper, October 1998
Crosswalking Metadata Example from http: //www. niso. org/standards/resources/Understanding. Metadata. pdf, page 12
Crosswalking Metadata 655_7 |a Photographs |2 aat GOES TO <genreform>Photographs</genreform> GOES TO <dc. type>Image</dc. type>
Crosswalking Metadata MODS DC PREMIS
Creation and tools Categories of Creation Tools Templates l Mark-up tools l Extraction tools l Conversion tools l
Creation and tools Software Specific Template Fill in the individual values for each metadata element
Creation and tools Metadata Mark-up Tools Create metadata using an XML editor
Creation and tools Metadata Extraction Tools Web page URL or file location goes here
Creation and tools ¢ Examples of Metadata Creation Tools l l l Dublin Core tools http: //dublincore. org/tools National Library of New Zealand’s Preservation Metadata Extraction Tool http: //meta-extractor. sourceforge. net/ TEI Software http: //www. tei-c. org/Software/index. html Customized Templates for EAD-Encoded Finding Aids http: //www. cdlib. org/inside/projects/oac/toolkit/templates/ EAD Tools & Helper Files http: //www. archivists. org/saagroups/ead/tools. html
Creation and tools ¢ Examples of Metadata Creation Tools FGDC Metadata Tools l http: //metadata. nbii. gov/portal/server. pt? open=512&obj. ID=255&& Page. ID=338&mode=2&in_hi_userid=2&cached=true Metadata Software Tools l http: //ukoln. bath. ac. uk/metadata/software-tools/ OAI-Specific Tools l http: //www. openarchives. org/tools. html RDF Editors and Tools l http: //planetrdf. com/guide/#sec-tools
Questions? Visit our new Metadata Services Department web site
PART II: Examples
Project Euclid example Journal issue
![marc: 022 ISSN dc: identifier [unique string]](https://present5.com/presentation/362d1d3578707e5e704599031b190d2a/image-58.jpg "marc: 022 ISSN dc: identifier [unique string]")
marc: 022 ISSN dc: identifier [unique string]
![marc: 008/35 -37 “EN” dc: language “EN” dc: identifier [unique string] marc: 100 dc:](https://present5.com/presentation/362d1d3578707e5e704599031b190d2a/image-62.jpg "marc: 008/35 -37 “EN” dc: language “EN” dc: identifier [unique string] marc: 100 dc:")
marc: 008/35 -37 “EN” dc: language “EN” dc: identifier [unique string] marc: 100 dc: creator marc: 653 marc: 653 marc: 245 dc: title marc: 520 dc: description dc: subject [uncontrolled vocabulary] dc: subject [uncontrolled vocabulary] marc: 650 dc: subject [encoding: msc 2000] dc: format “text/pdf”
Billie Jean Isbell Andean Collection example Digital image
Exercise 2: Metadata for Image Files Above: “Scan ID #00467” from the Billie Jean Isbell Andean Collection
Exercise 2: Mapping for ISBELL Image Records
Exercise 2: . xml for Scan ID #ISB_00467
Exercise 2: Final Output in Luna Web Interface Title: Qoricancha exterior wall Date: 1981 Subjects: Archaeological sites Subject (local): Inka astronomy; Temple of the Sun; Inka observations of the zenith passage of the sun Culture: Quechua Locality: Coricancha Temple Site; Qorikancha Temple Site; Temple of the Sun Site Region: Peru Province: Cuzco Description: The exterior wall of the Temple of the Sun in Cuzco. Citation: Billie Jean Isbell Andean Collection, Images from the Andes: Collection Highlights: Zenith Link Citation: Isbell, Billie Jean. “Culture Confronts Nature in the Dialectical World of the Tropics. ” In Ethno-Astronomy and Archaeo-Astronomy in the American Tropics, edited by A. F. Aveni and G. Urton. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 385 (1982): 353 -363. URL: http: //hdl. handle. net/1813/2193 Link Image Identifier: ISB_00467 Production: digital imaging, Digital Consulting and Production Services, Cornell University Library (Ithaca, NY, USA) Production: photographers, Isbell, Billie Jean Image Copyright: This digital collection and its contents are owned and operated by the Cornell University Library. Digital reproductions are provided for private study, scholarship, and research use only and may not be downloaded for use in electronic or print publications (including websites), exhibitions or broadcasts, without permission. For more information, see: Cornell University Library Copyright Statement. Collection: Billie Jean Isbell Andean Collection
Questions?
Скачать презентацию Introduction to Metadata Working Group Forum September 21