Introduction to GEO and GEOSS its Approach

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Introduction to GEO and GEOSS & its Approach to Interoperability Imraan Saloojee Senior Program Officer GEO Secretariat isaloojee@geosec. org www. earthobservations. org © GEO Secretariat

SERVIR Response to Flooding in Panama, November 2006 Met products such as MM 5 (left), WRF, and SPo. RT model outputs, along with GOES imagery (above), provide a continuous support mechanism for decision makers. Rio Indio Bridge out Panamanian President Martin Torrijos (left) consults with meteorologist Annette Quinn and Director of CATHALAC Emilio Sempres at the SERVIR facility in the City of Knowledge, Panama. Coastline changed SRTM RADARSAT 10 Oct 2006 RADARSAT 24 Nov 2006 Change detection analysis (above) based on RADARSAT data near Rio Indio, Panama. These images help the Panamanian disaster response agency to focus their efforts in the areas of the flood’s greatest impact. © GEO Secretariat TRMM data (below) are used to show total rainfall accumulation over the period November 20 -28, 2006.

GEO, the Group on Earth Observations An Intergovernmental Organization with 75 Members and 51 Participating Organizations U. S. Department of State, Washington DC July 31, 2003 © GEO Secretariat

Ø Coordinate and Sustain Observation Systems Ø Provide Easier & More Open Data Access Ø Foster Use (Science, Applications, Capacity Building) … to answer Society’s need for informed decision making © GEO Secretariat

Our Planet is a System of Systems © GEO Secretariat

Any Single Problem Requires Many Data Sets Any Single Data Set Serves Many Applications … Observation Systems should be shared across disciplines © GEO Secretariat

ARGO: Cooperation of 23 Countries © GEO Secretariat

Envisat SORCE Aura/Aqua/Terra Sage Quik. Scat IKONOS CBERS Sea. Wi. FS SPOT 4, 5 SPIN-2 Sea. Winds TRMM Orbview 2, 3 DMC ACRIMSAT ERBS EROS A 1 Radarsat ALOS Toms-EP Quick. Bird Grace UARS Jason © GEO Secretariat Landsat 7

The Tower of Babel Need for an Interoperable Architecture and Standard Interoperable Formats to benefit fully from Earth Observation Systems © GEO Secretariat

GEOSS Interoperability Process • GEO : “Establish and maintain a process for reaching interoperability arrangements, . . . ” • Includes process for recognizing existing standards in use by GEOSS components, and promoting and encouraging their adoption by other participants

GEOSS Standards Registry • The GEOSS Standards Registry is the reference database of interoperability arrangements for GEOSS – Contains information on service types, access protocols, data formats, schemas, and other information necessary to access and utilize the resource – Services registered in the Service Registry reference standards, or other interoperability “Special Arrangements, ” registered in the Standards Registry

75 Members 51 Participation Organizations 14

- Ensure Access for All © GEO Secretariat

Undersea Cables 2007 Source: Tele. Geography Research © GEO Secretariat

GEONETCast A Space-based Dissemination System for Data, Products, Services and Early Warning Contributors EUMETSAT CMA NOAA Global Coverage ROSHYDROMET © GEO Secretariat

List of AMESD Products vi. A GEO NETCAST product name processing chain development heritage S 10 NDVI VITO standard VEGETATION product Albedo MEDIAS-F geoland, cyclops (MEDIAS & al) Burnt Area JRC/GEM-MONDE gba 2000, L 3 JRC (JRC/GEM & al) Dry Matter Productivity VITO Montheith, MARS (JRC) Fraction of surface covered by vegetation MEDIAS-F desert locust monitoring (UCL-JRC/GEM) glc 2000 (JRC/GEM & al) Leaf Area Index MEDIAS-F geoland, cyclopes (MEDIAS & al) Normalized Difference Water Index VITO Gao, 1996 Phenology JRC/GEM-MONDE geoland (JRC/GEM) Small Water Bodies JRC/GEM-MONDE JRC Vegetation Productivity Index VITO Sannier & al 1996, MARS (JRC) © GEO Secretariat

GEO Data Sharing Principles • Full and Open Exchange of Data…Recognizing Relevant International Instruments and National Policies and Legislation • Data and Products at Minimum Time delay and Minimum Cost • Free of Charge or Cost of Reproduction for Research and Education © GEO Secretariat

CBERS Data for Africa *China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite © GEO Secretariat

International Charter on Space and Major Disasters • Charter accepted concept of granting direct access to GEO Members (end of May) • Charter was activated for GEO Member Ukraine floods through the intervention of GEO upon request of support from Ministry of Environment (31 July request - activation 1 August) • Discussion is ongoing to consolidate framework for allowing practical implementation of concept (identification of sub-regional centres)

An integrated approach to building capacity. An approach based in three complementary and needed elements: I³ • Individuals (Human) CB: education and training of individuals to be aware of, access, use and develop EO… • Infrastructure CB: HW, SW and other technology required to develop, access and use EO… • Institutional CB: building policies, programs & organizational structures in governments and organizations to enhance the understanding of the value of EO… …data and products. © GEO Secretariat

Addressing needs of USERS IGOS-Themes in GEO • Ocean • Coastal • Water • Cryosphere • Land • Geo. Hazards • Atmosphere • Carbon © GEO Secretariat

AMESD n Water Resource Management, (CEMAC, CICOS, RDC, Kinshasa) n Water Management for Cropland Rangeland Management (ECOWAS, AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger) n Agricultural & Environmental Ressource Management (SADC, Botswana Meteorological Service, Gaborone, Botswana), n Land Degradation, Mitigation & Natural Habitat Conservation (IGAD, ICPAC, Kenya, Nairobi) n Marine & Coastal Management (IOC, MOI, Ile Maurice, Quatre-Bornes) © GEO Secretariat

GEO BON : A Biodiversity Observation Network • Provide a global, robust framework for observations of biodiversity changes • Coordinate the data gathering and delivery of biodiversity change information Map Source BIOTA AFRICA BIOdiversity Monitoring Transect Analysis in © GEO Secretariat Africa

Chloro. GIN Africa http: //www. chlorogin. org/africa/ Satellite derived products Maps Navigation Basic Statistics Models data Time-series Environmental variables (e. g. Bathymetry) Threshold analysis Multivariate analysis © GEO Secretariat

GEO-Africa concept q Developed by EADS ASTRIUM q. A top level sensing capacity at the cutting edge of technology : § optical sensing at 25 m nadir resolution § Africa total coverage every 4 days, land coastal areas with an imaging capability from 8 to 9 million km²/day, e. g. 90 to 100 scenes of 300*300 km § flexible daily sensing programming: ð routine coverage of programmed areas ð emergency mode to follow particular events with fast access to any crisis zone © GEO Secretariat

Environment and Climate Change To respond to the growing demand for Earth observation data, we will accelerate efforts within the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), which builds on the work of UN specialized agencies and programs, in priority areas, inter alia, climate change and water resources management, by strengthening observation, prediction and data sharing. We also support capacity building for developing countries in earth observations and promote interoperability and linkage with other partners. © GEO Secretariat

Thank you! Imraan Saloojee Senior Program Officer GEO Secretariat 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Casale postale 2300 Ch-1211 Geneva 2, Suisse phone: (41) 22 730 88429 e-mail: isaloojee@geosec. org www. earthobservations. org © GEO Secretariat