80e8e25c821fa71131ff068185aa146c.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 48
Introduction to Computer Science Kun-Mao Chao (趙坤茂 ) Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University, Taiwan E-mail: kmchao@csie. ntu. edu. tw WWW: http: //www. csie. ntu. edu. tw/~kmchao ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Why is Bill Gates always smiling? • Why is he always smiling? ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Chapter 1 Introduction ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, the reader should be able to: Understand the concept of a black box, a data processor, and a programmable data processor. Define the von Neumann model and name its components: memory, arithmetic/logic unit, control unit, and input/output. Understand the stored program concept. Understand the sequential execution of statements in a program. Name the components of a computer: hardware, software, and data. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
1. 1 THE COMPUTER AS A BLOCK BOX ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 1 -1 Data processor model ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 1 -2 Programmable data processor model ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 1 -3 Same program, different data ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 1 -4 Same data, different programs ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
1. 2 von NEUMANN MODEL ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
von Neumann ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
About John Louis von Neumann (馮紐曼 有本科普書介紹這位超人 ) • John Louis von Neumann – Born 28 December 1903, Budapest, Hungary; – Died 8 February 1957, Washington DC; – Brilliant mathematician, synthesizer, and promoter of the stored program concept, whose logical design of the IAS became the prototype of most of its successors - the von Neumann Architecture. ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 1 -5 von Neumann model ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
von Neumann Model • 四個主要部分 – Memory (記憶體 ) – Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU, 運算及邏輯單元 ) – Control Unit (CU, 控制單元 ) – Input/Output (I/O, 輸出入 ) • 儲存程式概念 (stored program concept) • 循序執行指令 (sequential execution of instructions) ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
1. 3 COMPUTER HARDWARE ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
電腦 (計算機, Computer) ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
螢幕 (Monitor; Screen) ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
滑鼠 (Mouse) ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
鍵盤 (Keyboard) ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
主機 (Computer housing; the computer case; the box) ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
印表機 (Printer) ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
筆記型電腦 (Notebook) ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
無線網卡 (Wireless card) ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
個人數位助理 (Personal Digital Assistant; PDA) ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
數位相機 (Digital Camera) ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
1. 4 DATA 我們將在後續的幾章中介紹 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
1. 5 COMPUTER SOFTWARE ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 1 -6 Program and data in memory ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 1 -7 Program made of instructions ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
1. 6 HISTORY ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
最早的計算 具 • 算盤 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Pascaline • 法國數學家 Blaise Pascal 於西元1642年所發明, 是 一種加法器 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Difference Engine • Charles Babbage 西元1823年所發明 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
打孔卡排序 具 • Herman Hollerith 於 1890年所發明 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer) • 第一部將資訊電子化的特定功能電腦 • John V. Atanasoff 和 Clifford Berry於 1939年 所發明 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Turing Machine • Alan Turing在二次大戰時設計, 破解了德國 的Enigma密碼 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Alan Turing & Me H. A. Newton E. H. Moore (1885 Yale Univ. ) Oswald Veblen (1903 U. of Chicago) Alonzo Church (1927 Princeton) Bob Ritchie (1961 Princeton) Webb Miller (1968 Washington) Kun-Mao Chao (1993 Penn State) Alan Turing ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Turing Award • Nobel prize in computer science • ACM's most prestigious technical award is accompanied by a prize of $100, 000. It is given to an individual selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. The contributions should be of lasting and major technical importance to the computer field. Financial support of the Turing Award is provided by the Intel Corporation. • 西元1966年開始 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Turing Award • 2002 Winners: Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir, Leonard M. Adleman • Donald Knuth 1974 • Steven Cook 1982 • Ken Thompson & Dannis Ritchie • 姚期智院士在西元2000年時, 獲頒Turing Award ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
RSA encryption --- 1978 Rivest Shamir Adleman ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
RSA factorization challenges 將一個由兩個大質數所乘出來的大數分解回來 e. g. , 143 11 x 13 Challenge Number Prize ($US) RSA-576 $10, 000 RSA-896 $75, 000 RSA-640 $20, 000 RSA-1024 $100, 000 RSA-704 $30, 000 RSA-1536 $150, 000 RSA-768 $50, 000 RSA-2048 $200, 000 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
US$10, 000 –– RSA-576 • 1881988129206079638386972394616504398 0716356337941382700763356422988859715 2346654853190606065047430453173880113 0339671619969232120573403187955065699 621305168759307650257059 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
US$200, 000 –– RSA-2048 • 25195908475657893494027183240048398571429282126204 03202777713783604366202070759555626401852588078440 69182906412495150821892985591491761845028084891200 72844992687392807287776735971418347270261896375014 97182469116507761337985909570009733045974880842840 17974291006424586918171951187461215151726546322822 16869987549182422433637259085141865462043576798423 38718477444792073993423658482382428119816381501067 48104516603773060562016196762561338441436038339044 14952634432190114657544454178424020924616515723350 77870774981712577246796292638635637328991215483143 81678998850404453640235273819513786365643912120103 97122822120720357 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
你 /妳缺錢嗎 ? www. rsasecurity. com/rsalabs/challenges/factoring/ ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
To be continued • 下週我們會再繼續電腦發展史 • 下週我們也會談資料表示法及數字表示法 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
先想想看, 讀讀看 • 從古至今的計算機發展史 • 下次我們會給個和計算機發展史有關的作 業 ©Brooks/Cole, 2003
80e8e25c821fa71131ff068185aa146c.ppt