Introduction Section 1 The Economy Section 2 People

Introduction Section 1: The Economy Section 2: People and Their Environment Visual Summary

The countries of Southeast Asia, which vary greatly in their economies, are industrializing at different rates. They are, however, becoming more interdependent through trade. Rich in natural resources, Southeast Asia is a vital crossroads of trade. As the region becomes more urbanized and uses its natural resources to industrialize, it faces a variety of environmental problems.

Section 1: The Economy The physical environment affects people and their activities. Southeast Asia’s physical environment — which includes fertile soil, warm climate, and rich mineral deposits — affects the economic activities of the region.

Section 2: People and Their Environment Human actions modify the physical environment. Industrialization and economic development in Southeast Asia have resulted in the pollution of air, land, and water, and the destruction of valuable natural resources.

The Economy Southeast Asia’s physical environment — which includes fertile soil, warm climate, and rich mineral deposits — affects the economic activities of the region.

The Economy • rice paddy • interdependent • sickle • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) • lode • free port • alternative • promote

The Economy A. Brunei B. Manila

The Economy Which of the following elements of Southeast Asia’s physical structure aids economic activities? A. Fertile soil B. Rich mineral deposits C. Beautiful coastlines D. Rich mineral deposits A. B. C. D. A B C D

Economic Activities Although many countries in Southeast Asia are industrializing, most people continue to make their living in agriculture. • Farmers use more than half of the region’s arable land to grow rice. • Fish farming is also an important part of the economy. Contribution to GDP by Economic Sector

Economic Activities (cont. ) • Other crops: – Cassava – Yams – Corn – Bananas – Rubber – Sugarcane

Economic Activities (cont. ) • Other economic activities: – Forestry—logging, transporting logs, and manufacturing finished goods – Mining—large deposits of tin – Oil production • Industrial growth rates vary widely throughout Southeast Asia. • Singapore has the region’s most developed economy.

Crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products account for nearly all of this country’s export income? A. Indonesia B. Brunei C. Vietnam D. Thailand A. B. C. D. A B C D

Transportation and Communications Physical features, industrialization, and economic development influence transportation and communications in Southeast Asia. • Transportation: – Water transportation is the most common way to move people and goods. – Most shipping between Europe and East Asia passes through the Strait of Malacca.

Transportation and Communications (cont. ) – Quality of land transportation varies widely due to economic differences between countries. • Communications: – Communications also depend on a country’s level of industrialization. – Governments typically own and control radio stations and television networks. Southeast Asia: Shipping Routes

Which of the following countries has a well -developed communications system? A. Cambodia B. Brunei C. Singapore D. Vietnam A. B. C. D. A B C D

Trade and Interdependence Southeast Asian countries are becoming more interdependent, resulting in regional development, increased trade, and greater economic stability. • These two organizations reflect the increasing interdependence of the countries: – Asian Development Bank (ADB) – Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ASEAN Membership and GDP

Trade in Southeast Asian countries has become what in recent years? A. Non-existent B. Interdependent C. Global A. A B. B C. C

People and Their Environment Industrialization and economic development in Southeast Asia have resulted in the pollution of air, land, and water and the destruction of valuable natural resources.

People and Their Environment • sustainable development • shifting cultivation • cyclone • typhoon • diminished • unstable

People and Their Environment A. Sumatra B. Borneo C. Bali

People and Their Environment Can you name some of the environmental problems in Southeast Asia? A. Many problems B. Some problems C. No problems A. A B. B C. C

Managing Resources Southeast Asia’s natural resources are economically important, but people must find ways to develop their economies without further destroying resources. • Minerals, metals, and rain forest timber are among Southeast Asia’s most valuable resources.

Managing Resources (cont. ) • Solutions: – Reforestation programs – Environmental conservation areas – Planned resettlement – “Green zones” – Banning of tall buildings built near the sea

Which of the following have thwarted progress regarding conservation? A. Illegal logging B. Political turmoil C. Shifting cultivation D. A and B E. B and C A. B. C. D. E. A B C D E

Human Impact In Southeast Asia, human activities have had a negative impact on the environment, natural resources, and wildlife. • Both urban and rural areas feel the affects of industrialization. • Volcanic eruptions and forest fires can also cause pollution in rural areas.

Human Impact (cont. ) • Positive effects of industrialization: – Stronger economies – Better economic opportunities

Human Impact (cont. ) • Negative effects of industrialization: – Water and air pollution – Deforestation and the resulting flooding/soil erosion – Diversion of rivers – Loss of coral reefs Southeast Asia: Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Which country has the highest level of carbon dioxide emissions in Southeast Asia? A. Thailand B. Indonesia C. Malaysia D. Vietnam A. B. C. D. A B C D

Future Challenges Because of Southeast Asia’s geographic location, countries in the region face continuing challenges from natural disasters. • Challenges: – Floods – Cyclones/Typhoons – Tsunamis – Volcanoes

Which volcano in Bali is regarded by the people as the sacred centerpiece of their Hindu faith? A. Mount Pinatubo B. Mount Agung C. Mount Batur D. Mount Taal A. B. C. D. A B C D

Economic Interdependence

Growth and the Environment • Urban warming in Bangkok, Thailand, has resulted from industrialization, overcrowding, and automobile use. • “Green zones” have been proposed, which are environmentally protected areas of cities. • Planned migration has helped balance environmental protection and economic development. • Illegal logging operations in Indonesia have resulted in the loss of much of the forests bordering national parks.

rice paddy flooded field in which rice is grown

sickle large, curved knife with a handle, used to cut grass or tall grains

lode deposit of minerals

free port city, such as Singapore, where goods can be unloaded, stored, and reshipped without the payment of import duties

interdependent relying on one another for goods, services, and ideas

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) organization formed in 1967 to promote regional development and trade in Southeast Asia

sustainable development technological and economic growth that does not deplete the human and natural resources of a given area

shifting cultivation clearing forests to plant fields for a few years and then abandoning them

cyclone storm with heavy rains and high winds which blow in a circular pattern around an area of low atmospheric pressure

typhoon a violent tropical storm that forms in the Pacific Ocean, usually in late summer

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