Introduction of Fukuchi Laboratory TMU Hajime FUKUCHI （2012/04/12）
Research Fields of FUKUCHI Lab. Space-borne Next Generation Earth Observation Space & Interpretation Communication EM Wave Application
Recent Research Themes １． Space-borne POLSAR l Multi-frequency Urban Observation l Radiometric Calibration and σ statistics l Interferometric urban observation ２．Next Generation Space Communication l Optical Satellite Communication l Attenuation Mitigation Technologies l Space-&-Terrestrial Fused Wireless
Full-Polarimetric SAR PALSAR / Terra. SAR-X
Space-borne SAR
Research background (1) AVNIR-2 ALOS PRISM PALSAR・・・Full polarimetric radar ©JAXA Space Analysis of urban area environment, …e. t. c Polarization channels launch, …e. t. c HH ©JAXA HV VH VV©JAXA Interferometry image of Deforestation and Faraday Rotation Calibrate : Antenna distortion in Brazil’s Amazon earthquake disaster in China TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Remote Sensing Laboratory
Faraday Rotation Affected conditions ・Below L-band(1. 27 GHz) Ionosphere Ω ・Orbital altitude over 500 km ・Solar active period Trihedral or Plate Polarization plane Faraday rotation FR angle = 10° PALSAR 2007 Minimum period 2011 Maximum period Prediction of solar activity TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Remote Sensing Laboratory Time
Calibration method Observation model Scattering matrix of point targets preserving ：channel imbalance ： cross-talk factor Polarization preserving TOKYO Polarization rotating METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY ：FR angle Remote Sensing Laboratory
PALSAR Observation False Color Figure（ HH=Red, HV=Green, VV=Blue) SCENE : ALPSRP 021220710(Higashimurayama) OBS FREQUENCY : 1. 27 GHz OBS TIME : 2006/06/18 21: 58: 41～ 21: 58: 50 (JST) OBS MODE : 4 ch(Full-Polarimetry) FLIGHT ALTITUDE : 691. 65 km FLIGHT VELOCITY : 7. 48 km/sec Tachikawa INCIDENCE ANGLE : 24. 05° SCENE SIZE [PIXEL] : 36. 25 km(Az)× 36. 25 km(Rg) [2900(Az)× 2900(Rg)] PIXEL SPACING : 12. 5 m(Az)× 12. 5 m(Rg) Flight(Az) Illumination(Rg) TMU(Hino. Camp)
Calibration experiment (1) ~Musahimurayama, Tokyo～ Location ⇒ Musahimurayama, Tokyo Date ⇒ October 21. 2006 Targets ⇒ 8 (for calibration and evaluation) Ascending Trihedral Experimental place PARC Plate Twisted Musashimurayama SAR image Descending Musashimurayama Observation site TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Remote Sensing Laboratory
Polarization signature of Plate ~Musahimurayama, Tokyo～ π 4 0 π 2 π Ideal π 4 0 0 π 4 0 π 2 π Un-cal π π 4 0 0 0 π 2 METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY π 4 π Case A (Trihedral - PARC) / FR angle 5. 79° TOKYO π 2 JAXA π 4 0 0 π 2 π Case B (Trihedral - Twisted) / FR angle 5. 71° Remote Sensing Laboratory
Extraction of Urban Parameters Using Air-borne and Spaceborne. POLSAR
Background -1➣ It is very useful to grasp Ground spatial aspects and its Temporal change. 1. Regardless of weather, time-of-day, smoke, volcanic ash, obstacles in some applications and so on 2. Periodically basis but Cost-effective 3. Wide area but Quickly with enough spatial Resolution TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Remote Sensing Laboratory
Background -2 - ➣Only satellite borne POLSAR such as PALSAR meets those demands, by fully making use of received radio wave properties. ➣In highly urbanized area such demands become high. TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Remote Sensing Laboratory
Examples of Parameters in Urban Area How useful? (Application Examples) ［ Spatial Aspects ［ Temporal Change ］ ］ ・Classification of Land Usage (Artificial or Natural, % of Road, Houses, Farm, Garden, ・・・) ・Urbanization history and Development Planning ・Disaster Recovery Strategy ・Classification of Area ・ Urbanization history and Development Planning Average Alignment Angle ・Access Simulation ・Living Environment ( Duration of Sun-shine, ・ ・) ・Urbanization or road Development history and Planning ・Disaster Recovery Strategy Density of Structures ・Access Simulation ・Living Environment ・Development Planning ・Urbanization history and planning ・Disaster Recovery Strategy Degree of Structural Order Average Size Usage (Factory, House・ of Structures ・） TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Remote Sensing Laboratory
Correlation of Circular Pol. Basis Correlation Coefficient : γ Phase of Correlation Coefficient : φ 〈 〉：average over pixels，＊：complex conjugate TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Remote Sensing Laboratory
PALSAR on ALOS ©JAXA ALOS PALSAR (L-band) TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Remote ©JAXASensing Laboratory
Data Samples (Western Part of Tokyo) Pi-SAR X-band Quick. Bird HH：red HV：green VV：blue © NICT PALSAR TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Remote Sensing Laboratory © METI/JAXA
5 Dec 2008 45 st Annual Meeting of the Remote Sensing Society of Japan Extraction of Buildings Alignment 71° 90° 60° 30° 5° 0° Extracted Alignment of Buildings(Pi-SAR L-band) Quick. Bird TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Remote Sensing Laboratory
5 Dec 2008 45 st Annual Meeting of the Remote Sensing Society of Japan Extraction of Buildings Alignment HH：red, HV：green, VV：blue 90° 60° 30° 0° Pi-SAR L-band False Color Map TOKYO METROPOLITAN Extracted Alignment of Buildings(Pi-SAR L-band) UNIVERSITY Remote Sensing Laboratory
Attenuation Mitigation Technologies for Future Sat. Com system
CONTENTS Propagation Effects Mitigation Technologies for Attenuation Phased Array Antenna for Adaptive Mitigation (NHK) Future Study Items
Ka-band Satellite Network Wide Band Global Channel Small, Light weight & Mobile Inter-Connection among Broadband Infrastructure Novel Rain Countermeasure Resume Propagation Studies with World Collaboration
Japanese Ka-Band Sat. Com Projects Parameters WINDS ２１ GHｚ BSS Frequency Up: 27. 5 -28. 6 Up: TBD (GHz) Dn: 17. 7 -18. 8 Dn: 21. 4 -22. 0 Band Width 1. 1 0. 6 (GHz) Polarization Fixed: Linear(V, H) TBD APAA: Linear (V) Orbit GEO 143 deg. E TBD (or 144. 5 deg. E)
WINDS JAXA
Propagation Effect on Wireless Link Performance Rain TX H-Pol Attenuation Noise Increase RX Ｈ V ｈ V-Pol Depolarization Ｖ Gaseous Attenuation Interference from other systems
Attenuation Statistics of WINDS Link Rec. 618 -6
Mitigation Technologies Principle and Feature Examples Static -Margin addition -Hierarchical channel -Waste of Resource -EIRP, G/T increase -Hierarchical coding & modulation Adaptive (Dynami c) Diversity -Adaptive distribution of link Resources -Good for point-to-point -Power control -Bandwidth control -Coding rate control -Prepare channels with low attenuation correlation -Good for large attenuation -Site or/and Time diversity -Frequency diversity -Orbit diversity
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TWT Array Adaptive Satellite Power Control Method (Saito 2001)
Related Study done by NHK “ A Study on the Transponder System in the 21 GHz-band Broadcasting Satellites using Phased-Array Antenna” M. Kamei, et al. , The 23 rd AIAA International Communications Satellite Conference(ICSSC 2005), Sept. 2005.
Data Analysed Ø Data in Japan üAttenuation at 19. 5 GHz (Kashima) üRainfall rate over Japan (AMe. DAS) integration time : 1 minimum Ø Data in Tropical Asia üThailand: Attenuation at Ku-band (Thaicom 2, 3) üMalaysia: Attenuation at Ku-band(Mesat) üIndonesia: Rainfall rate integration time: 1 minimum 36
Used Data and Analysis 37
SPACE Correlation 38
Example of Space Correlation 39
Regional Dependence 40
Integration Time (IT) Dependence IT : 1 min 41
Direction Dependence (Tokyo) 42
Direction Dependence (Owase) 43
Time Correlation 44
45
Time Series of Received Level 46
Time-Diversity Effect at Ku-band 47
(Fukuchi 2000)
Time-Diversity Effect at Ka-band 49
Time-Diversity Gain at Ku-band 50
Time-Diversity Gain at Ka-band 19. 5 GHz 51
Regional and Integration Time Dependence of Time Correlation 52
Auto-Correlation of Rainfall Rate 53
(Fukuchi 2004)
Correlation Property Applications • site-diversity(long-distance, multi-site) • time-diversity • multi-dimensional diversity (combination of site- and time-diversity) • proper power allocation or beam design for multi-beam satellite communication system • satellite power control in the above system
Evaluation of Mitigation Effect • n-Dimensional Joint PDF of Attenuation: p (A 1, ---, An ) , where A ( space , time ). • Effective Attenuation Cumulative Distribution: P (ae > X ) = (A 1 , --, An) d A 1 —d. An , Integration region is a function of threshold, X
Examples of Analysis A 2 0 A 1 Diversity(Space, Time) 0 A 1 Adaptive Control
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