Introducing the Progressives PROGRESSIVISM M u c

Introducing the Progressives

PROGRESSIVISM M u c k r a c k e r s S u f f r a g e t t e s P o p u l i s t s T e m p e r a n c e R e f o r m P o l i t i c i a n s S O C I A L R E F O R M e R s L a b o r C i v i l U n i o n s R i g h t s

The “Culture Wars”: The Pendulum of Right v. Left 2 nd Great Awakening Social Gospel 1920 s Revivalism 1950 s Revivalism Christian Evangelical Movement C I V I L W A R Antebellum Reforms [1810 s 1850 s] Populism [1870 s 1890 s] Progressivism [1890 s-1920] New Deal [1930 s 1940 s] Great Society & 1960 s Social Movements C O N S E R V A T I V E R E V O L U T I O N

WHY PROGRESSIVISM NOW? ? 1901 -1918 § Industrialization, Immigration and Urbanization all grew dramatically in the 19 th Century. So quickly and dramatically that it it also created equivalent problems. – Under-developed & overpopulated cities (corruption/ Boss System/ poverty/ squalor and death) – – Power of big business (PES) Gap b/w Rich and Poor (Socialist Movement? Unrest? ) Segregation and Women’s Suffrage Vice and Immorality (drinking and prostitution)

Progressive Leadership? • Progressives were generally not revolutionaries, they believed that great change was a necessity and that a HONEST Government was the proper entity to facilitate this change. • They lead and worked at all 3 levels of government. • Who were the Progressive Presidents? • • • Theodore Roosevelt ® William Howard Taft ® Woodrow Wilson (D)

Who Were The Progressives? ? § Middle class men and women – Educated – Professional and white collar business – Protestant crusaders § Squeezed from above and below by corporations, immigrants, and labor unions § Philosophy – Pragmatic (Laissez- faire = wrong b/c it is no longer practical) – Scientific Management (theory) applies to EVERYTHING – PES

What is a MUCKRACKER? § Ummmm…. racker of the muck? § Reformers that used their talents to expose the rotten side of issues. – Public had to be informed and shocked a bit before they would be ready to take action against the status quo. – Investigative reporting – Photojournalism ( Jacob Riis – “How the Other Half Lives”) – Careful research and use of data with sensational headlines – Cause Magazines § Mc. Clure’s ( Samuel Sidney Mc. Clure) – Ida Tarbell ( expose on Standard Oil w/ data = big deal) – Books § Upton Sinclair's “ The Jungle”

Reforms § § § Labor/Workers Women Consumer Protection Temperance Political reforms Trust busting § § Child Labor Conservation Railroads Settlement house movement § Ummm… What is missing form this list? ? WHY?

Social Welfare § Settlement Houses – Services? Volunteers? – Jane Addams and Francis Kelly – Social Justice Movement needed political support to reach its goals. § Garbage collection § Schools § Juvenile Courts § More liberal divorce laws § SAFETY REGULATIONS IN TENEMENTS AND FACTORIES!!

Political Reforms Voter Participation § Secret Ballot – by 1910 § Direct Primaries (Robert La Folette) by 1915 § Direct Election of Senators – Senate = Millionaires’ Club so…. – 17 th Amendment = Senators by popular vote 1913 § Initiative, Referendum and Recall

Political Reforms Municipal Reform § Target= Boss System (corrupt and inefficient) § Reform Mayors – Samuel M. “Golden Rule” Jones of Toledo Ohio and Yom Johnson of Cleveland Ohio – Offer services to people without corruption § § free Kindergarten Night schools Public playground Cheap transportation (3 cent trolley rides) – Controlling Public Utilities § Water systems, gas lines, electric plants, transportation systems, – City managers and Department Heads § Fire, Police, Sanitation – Cities begin to function b/c of progressive reforms

Political Reforms State Reform § § Voter Participation Reforms ( I. R &R) Tax reform Railroad regulation Prohibition – Rural movement inwards – Cities see it differently (culture clash RRR) – 1915 – 2/3 of states banned the sale of alcohol (DRY)

Your Turn § Complete Progressive Era GR § This is were we stopped in class.