Intro logo Tom Hicks Vice President LEED

Intro logo Tom Hicks Vice President LEED®

Perception

Reality

Operating and maintenance practices and building performance that meet specified standards reducing the negative impact of buildings on their occupants and on the environment What is Green Building?

Membership growth graph

Scores are tallied for different aspects of building performance in appropriate categories. What is LEED? Definition LEADERSHIP in ENERGY and ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN For instance, LEED-EB assesses performance of: A leading-edge system for certifying BUILDING PERFORMANCE and OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE of the greenest buildings in the world 2. Water Efficiency 1. Sustainable Sites 3. Energy Performance 4. Material & Resource Use 5. Indoor Environmental Quality 6. Innovation in Upgrades and O&M

Levels of LEED Ratings

Categories of LEED: Current

Categories of LEED: Future

California Study Savings

Why Study EE in Green? What is LEED? Definition • Green Sells Energy Efficiency Better than Energy Efficiency Sells

• Why Study EE in Green? What is LEED? Definition Largest Contributor to Sustainability… • Largest Global Contributor of CO 2… “US buildings alone are responsible for more CO 2 emissions than those of any other country in the world except China” Kinsey et al. , 2002 ACEEE Proceedings, Section 9. 21. Proceedings,

Why Study EE in Green? What is LEED? Definition • Investment Grade Piece Higher EPS - Reduced Operating Costs=Increases NOI Reduced Cost of Capital Increase cash flow=Improved liquidity=Improved debt rating Increased Building Value 30% saved = 5% increase in building appraised value Growing acknowledgement by Shareholders (SRI, institutional investors) and Financial Analysts

Why Study EE in Green? What is LEED? Definition Early Perceptions = Reality - examples become a market transformation tool

Why Study EE in Green? What is LEED? Definition • How Energy Efficient is Green? • We don’t really know… • Performance claims made against code • Whole building targets are rare • Huge potential for performance gap • Poor case study documentation

We Don’t Really Know What is LEED? Definition Weak Correlation: Code vs. Simulated EUI California Office Buildings 20% better than code can have an energy performance score ranging from 1 -100. Not sending right market signal. Source: NBI, California Board for Energy Efficiency, EPA Performance against code is weakly correlated to EUI

We Don’t Really Know What is LEED? Definition • Whole building target rare – Simulation of building models using ECBM doesn’t necessarily include all uses • LEED NC v. 2. 2 will require consumption target – As a submittal requirement, not a credit award • Hugh Potential for Performance Gap – – – Value engineering Field construction Lack of coordination Commissioning and O&M Overly optimistic projections

We Don’t Really Know What is LEED? Definition Size Site EUI Actual Site EUI Predicted Kbtu/ft 2/-yr Kbtu/ft 2 -yr ENERGY STAR Rating (est. ) Building Name ft 2 Wampanoag Headquarters 8, 700 29. 8 - 99 Ridgehaven Green Office Building 78, 000 - 23. 6 96 EPA RTP Campus Office Wing 73, 000 - 28. 2 95 Chicago Center for Green Technology 40, 000 - 33. 3 94 Thoreau Center for Sustainability 73, 000 40. 9 - 93 Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities 12, 000 31. 8 - 92 U. S. Navy Building 850 17, 000 70 36. 1 91 CBF Merrill Environmental Center 32, 000 65* 37. 4 87 PA DEP – Cambria Office Building 36, 000 40. 2 (37)* - 84 Four Times Square 1, 600, 000 - 63. 8 76 *recent NREL High-Performance Buildings Group case studies

We Don’t Really Know What is LEED? Definition Size Site EUI Actual Site EUI Predicted ft 2 Kbtu/ft 2/-yr ENERGY STAR Rating (est. ) Herman Miller Market. Place 95, 000 99. 7 - 61 NWF Headquarters 85, 000 68. 2 - 52 Norm Thompson Headquarters 54, 500 59. 8 - 52 PNC Firstside Center 647, 000 99. 5 - 49 Pacific Development/Port of Portland Building 350, 000 - 73. 4 43 Brewery Block 4 241, 000 - 70. 8 42 Nature Conservancy Headquarters 172, 000 79. 3 - 38 KSBA Architects Office 9, 100 - 68. 2 30 Pierce County Environmental Services 50, 000 - 82 17 William and Flora Hewlett Foundation 48, 000 - 96. 7 10 Building Name

What is LEED? Definition EPA/USGBC Study • Follow 30 -40 buildings from LEED-NC (2. 0 or 2. 1) to LEED-EB • Correlation between design intent and actual operations • Compare performance with building market • Examine relationship between connected load and actual energy performance • Determine need for future research

What is LEED? Definition Overview of Study Design • Types of buildings • Commercial and institutional – Offices, Courthouses, Financial Centers, Bank Branches, K 12 schools, Hospitals, Hotels, and Residence Halls • • Data requirements Design consumption Actual consumption As-designed/as-built connected load (k. W) • Recruitment Strategy - success to date • ~10 LEED-NC have expressed interest/registered • 20+ are needed

What is LEED? Definition Design vs. Performance Building ft 2 Designed Site EUI (k. Btu/ft 2 -yr) Actual Site EUI (k. Btu/ft 2 -yr) % Change ENERGY STAR Rating Cascadia 1 18, 000 64 47 -26% 82 Cascadia 2 412, 000 86 52 Cascadia 3 70, 000 36 61 Cascadia 5 470, 000 -- 18, 800 51 8, 400 141 52, 200 Size RY -39% 81 67% 69 -- 88 48 -4% 95 140 -1% 2 -- 22 -- 99 72, 000 -- 73 -- 52 17, 000 36 70 94% 64 69 70 1% 70 LIM RE P NA I LBNL 2 LBNL 3 LBNL 4 LBNL 5 LBNL 6 Averages 52

What is LEED? Definition Persistence of Performance Actual Site EUI (k. Btu/ft 2 -yr) ENERGY STAR Rating Year 1 47. 5 82 Year 2 46. 9 81 Year 1 61. 1 68 Year 2 60. 4 69 Year 1 54. 2 87 Year 2 49. 3 90 Year 3 49. 3 90 Year 4 52. 0 88 Year 5 52. 4 88 Building Cascadia 1 Cascadia 3 Cascadia 5 • Only three records, but… • Performance appears to persist year to year

What is. Next Steps LEED? Definition • Performance Data – Get more building records – More year to year (i. e. persistence) – Connected Load data • Final Report to EPA – June 2006 • Update Findings – ACEEE Summer Study – ICEEB 2006 – Greenbuild 2006? • Forward Recommendations – USGBC Research Committee – LEED Core Committees and USGBC Staff • Collaborate on Research Agenda to Close Performance Gap – ASHRAE, EPA, USGBC, and others

What is LEED? Definition Acknowledgements Glen Gilbert, President & CEO Cascadia Region Green Building Council Cathy Turner Sustainability Measurement Consultant Rick Diamond Staff Scientist Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Mike Opitz, PE LEED-EB Certification Manager U. S. Green Building Council

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