INTONATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTONATION a

INTONATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

INTONATION a complete unity of non-segmental or prosodic features of speech: • melody (pitch of the voice) • sentence stress • temporal characteristics (duration, tempo, pausation) • timbre • rhythm

FUNCTIONS OF INTONATION • • Constitutive function Distinctive function Emotional function Informational function Textual function Psychological function Indexical function Stylistic function

PROSODIC PARAMETRES • • • Pitch Melody Range – (diapason) Loudness Pause Tempo of speech Sentence stress Rhythm Timbre

TYPES OF PAUSES • • The one-unit pause | The two-unit pause || The three-unit pause ||| An interval within an intonation group ≀

TYPES OF PAUSES • Syntactic pauses • Emphatic pauses • Hesitation pauses: filled / unfilled

Intonation pattern • • The Pre-Head The Nucleus The Tail

THE PRE-HEAD • Low Pre-Head ∙ ∙ • Rising Pre-Head ∙ • ˉ High Pre-Head ∙ ∙

THE NUCLEAR TONES • Low Fall • ˋHigh Fall • ͵Low Rise ◞ • ′High Rise ╯ ⋰ ⋰

THE NUCLEAR TONES • >Mid Level • ∨Fall-Rise ╮◞ ╮…◞ • ∧Rise-Fall ◞╮ ◞…╮

THE HEAD • ↘DESCENDING HEAD • ↗ASCENDING HEAD • →LEVEL HEAD

DESCENDING HEAD • • FALLING HEAD STEPPING HEAD SLIDING HEAD SCANDENT HEAD

ASCENDING HEAD • • RISING HEAD STEPPING HEAD SLIDING HEAD SCANDENT HEAD

LEVEL HEAD • HIGH LEVEL HEAD • MID LEVEL HEAD • LOW LEVEL HEAD

INTONATIONAL STYLES • COLLOQUIAL / INFORMAL STYLE • INFORMATIONAL / FORMAL / NEUTRAL STYLE • ACADEMIC / SCIENTIFIC STYLE • PUBLICISTIC / ORATORIAL STYLE • ARTISTIC STYLE