Internet
History In 1957, the U. S. Department of Defense decided that in case of war, America needs a reliable system of information transmission. The Agency for Defense Advanced Research Projects USA (DARPA) has proposed to develop this computer network. The development of such a network was assigned to the University of California at Los Angeles, Stanford Research Center, University of Utah and the University of California at Santa Barbara. Computer network has been called ARPANET (born Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), and in 1969, the project brought together a network of four research institutions. All work funded by the Ministry of Defense. Then the ARPANET began to actively grow and develop, it began to be used by scientists from different fields of science. The first server ARPANET was established on 2 September 1969 in the University of California (Los Angeles). Computer Honeywell DP-516 had 24 KB of RAM
History October 29, 1969 at 21: 00 between the first two nodes of the network ARPANET, located at a distance of 640 km - in the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) conducted the session. Charley Kline attempted to perform a remote connection from Los Angeles to a computer at Stanford. The successful transmission of each character, his colleague Bill Duvall at Stanford confirmed by phone. For the first time managed to send only three characters «LOG» , after which the network ceased to function. LOG should have been the word LOGIN (login command). In working condition system has returned to 22: 30, and the next attempt was successful. This date can be the birthday of the Internet.
History By 1971, developed the first program for sending e-mail to the network. This program soon became very popular. In 1973, the network was connected via a transatlantic telephone cable first foreign organizations from the UK and Norway, became an international network. In 1970 the network was mainly used for sending e-mail, there were the first mailing lists, newsgroups and bulletin boards. However, while the network is not able to easily communicate with other networks built on other technical standards. By the end of the 1970 s began to develop rapidly data transfer protocols that have been standardized in 1982 -1983. Active role in the development and standardization of network protocols are Jon Postel. January 1, 1983 the ARPANET switched from NCP protocol to TCP / IP, which has been successfully applied so far for the association (or, as they say, a "layering") networks. It was in 1983, the term "Internet" network entrenched for ARPANET.
History In 1984, a system was developed domain names. In 1984 the ARPANET had serious opponent: U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF) established an extensive network of inter-university NSF Net (born National Science Foundation Network), which was made up of smaller networks (including then known on Usenet and Bitnet) and had a much greater capacity than the ARPANET. This network for the year about 10 thousand connected computers, the name "Internet" beginning to move seamlessly NSF Net. In 1988, a protocol was developed Internet Relay Chat (IRC), so that the Internet was made possible real-time communication (chat). In 1989, in Europe, in the walls of the European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) was born the concept of the World Wide Web. It was suggested the famous British scientist Tim Berners-Lee, who is also in the two years to develop a protocol HTTP, HTML and identifiers URI.
History In 1990, the ARPANET ceased to exist, completely lost the competition NSFNet. In the same year there were the first connection to the Internet through a phone line (so-called. "Dial", Eng. Dialup access). In 1991, the World Wide Web became widely available on the Internet, and in 1993 came the famous web browser NCSA Mosaic. World Wide Web has gained populyarnost. V 1995 NSFNet returned to the role of a research network, routing all traffic to the Internet Service Providers are now engaged, not supercomputers of the National Science Foundation. Also in 1995, the World Wide Web has become a major supplier of information on the Internet, overtaking traffic file transfer protocol FTP. Was founded World Wide Web Consortium (W 3 C). We can say that the World Wide Web has transformed the Internet and created it a modern look. Since 1996, the World Wide Web almost completely substitute the term "Internet".
History Within five years, the Internet has reached an audience of over 50 million users. Other communications required much more time to achieve such popularity: The Information Environment Time, years Radios 38 Television 13 Cable television 10 Internet 5