Internet Development and Applications In China Hualin Qian

Internet Development and Applications In China Hualin Qian Computer Network Information Center Chinese Academy of Sciences 2006. 12

Content 1，Current Internet status in China 2，Security Issues 3，IT Products used in China 4，Applications 5，CNGI&NGN 6，Summary

Content 1，Current Internet Status in China 2，Security Issues 3，IT Products Used in China 4，Applications 5，CNGI&NGN 6，Summary

Brief Internet History in China Phase I：Email only (1986. 6 --1994. 3) 1986 : dial up (terminal mode) 1990 : X. 25 1993. 3 : Leased line（DECnet） Phase II：Full function Internet connection(1994. 4 --) 1994. 4 : 64 kbps Full function Internet connection 1994. 5 : . CN operational

Internet Users in China（Million） *note: data by the end of 2006. 06 123*note 111* 94 79. 50 59. 10 33. 70 22. 50. 011 . 05. 20 . 62 2. 10 8. 90

Number of Computers Connected to the Internet (China) Unit : Million 54. 50*note 49. 50 *note: Data by the end of 2006. 6 41. 60 30. 89 20. 83 12. 54 8. 92 0. 007. 025. 10. 299. 747 3. 50

Connection Methods of Computer Hosts (in Million) 28. 15*note: Data by the end of 2006. 6 2. 00 14. 80 4. 03 13. 20 5. 49 21. 40 7. 00 19. 45 5. 95 22. 40 20. 60 6. 50 20. 10 6. 25 10. 20 2. 34 7. 51 1. 41 0. 25 0. 049 0. 63. 117 3. 09 0. 41 Ethernet Dial Up Broadband (ADSL, Cable Modem)

Broadband Connection Hosts (Data from MII, in Million) 37. 5 23. 85 11. 14 2. 9

Broadband Connection Hosts in the World (Data from Point Topic, in Million) DSL Other

Increasing of Broadband Users (in Million) *note: Data by the end of 2006. 6 Other (Dial Up, Ethernet) *note Broadband (ADSL, Cable Modem)

Bandwidth of International Links in China Unit: Mbps *note: data by the end of 2006. 6 214175*note 136106 74429 27216. 128 . 512 6. 512 25. 408 143. 256 351 2799 7597. 5 9380

Domain Names in China (In Thousand) *note: data by the end of 2006. 6 1190. 6* 1096. 9 432. 1 340. 0 179. 5 122. 1 127. 3 1. 0 48. 7 4. 07 18. 4

Geographical Distribution of CN Domain Names (In Thousand) (70%) 域名(DN) % 北京 BJ 202 17% 广东 GD 185 15. 5% 福建 FJ 116 9. 8% 上海 SH 112 9. 4% 浙江苏 ZJ 81 6. 8% 江苏 JS 70 5. 9% 山东 SD 52 4. 3% 辽宁 LN 31 2. 6% 四川 域名(DN) % 湖北 河南 河北 天津 安徽 湖南 黑龙江 SC 27 HB 24 HN 25 HE 23 TJ 15 AH 17 HU 17 HL 13 2. 3% 2. 1% 1. 3% 1. 4% 1. 9% 1. 4% 1. 1% 陕西 域名(DN) % 重庆 吉林 云南 广西 江西 山西 内蒙古 SX 13 CQ 13 JL 10 YN 11 GX 11 JX 13 SX 8 NM 5. 6 1. 1% 0. 7% 1. 1% 0. 9% 0. 5% 新疆 域名(DN) % 贵州 甘肃 海南 宁夏 西藏 青海 海外 XJ 5 GZ 4. 9 GS 4 HA 3. 1 NX 2. 9 XZ 1. 5 QH 1. 1 OS 73 0. 4% 0. 3% 0. 2% 0. 1% 0. 3% 0. 1% 6. 1%

Number of WEB Sites in China 788400* *note: data by the end of 2006. 6 668900 595550 371600 277100 265405 300 1700 5300 15153 694200

Number of IPv 4 Address in China (In Million) 85* *note: data by the end of 2006. 6 74. 4 60 41. 5 29. 0

Percentage of IPv 4 Address in the World (2004) 66. 37% 17. 94% 6. 20% 3. 33% 3. 28% 2. 88%

Number of IPv 6 Address in China (2006. 6) Organization Number of IPv 6 Addr. 北京神州长城技术发展中心 /29 CERNET(中国教育与研究网) 7*/32+/48 BII(北京英纳特网络研究所) 2*/32 China Tele. Com(中国电信集团公司) /32+/48 CNNIC(中国互联网络信息中心) /32 CSTNet(中国科技网) /32 Rail. Com(铁道通信信息有限责任公司) /32 CIECC(中国国际电子商务中心) /32 China Mobile(中国移动通信集团公司) /32 China Uni. Com(中国联合通信有限公司) /32 China Net. Com(中国网络通信集团公司) /32 (重庆网通信息港宽带网络有限公司) /32 北京电信通电信 程有限公司 /32 东莞市博路电信科技有限公司 /32

Percentage of IPv 6 Address in the World (2004) 54. 14% 13. 90% 10. 16% 9. 76% 6. 02%

Content 1，Current Internet status in China 2，Security Issues 3，IT Products used in China 4，Applications 5，CNGI&NGN 6, Summary

Number of vulnerabilities reported 16726 4129 3780 2437 171 345 311 262 417 1090

WEB Sites Attacks In 2005, CNCERT/CC reported that 13653 WEB sites in China were attacked (web pages been modified). amongst, 2027 are Government WEB sites

Attacks through the network from other countries or regions in 2004 (sampled data) 38% 16% 10% 8% 8% 8% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1%

Troy Horse Attacks In 2005, CNCERT/CC reported that 22, 500 Hosts in China experienced Troy Horse Attack, the Troy Horses Were controlled by about 20, 000 Hosts in other countries and regions, Listed in the next slide

Troy Horse Attacks from other countries or regions in 2005 25% 18% 14% 12% 4% 4% 3% 2%

Security products usage Percentage of organizations taking measures to protect their network： Firewall： 75. 5% Anti-virus software： 52. 8% Access control (PSW)： 34. 8% Physically isolation： 24. 8% Router ACL： 16. 6% Digital Certification： 13. 6% Invader inspection System： 11. 7% Security auditing tech. ： 10. 2% IC card one time key： 9. 5% Secure VPN： 8. 4% Bio-Recognition Tech： 3. 6% Other： 5. 9%

Content 1，Current Internet status in China 2，Security Issues 3，IT Products used in China 4，Applications 5，CNGI&NGN 6, Summary

PC desktop (In 100 thousand set and Billion Yuan) 169 142. 2 124. 0 107. 6 69. 74 73. 99 76. 77 88

PC Notebook (In 100 thousand set and billion Yuan) 34 30 27. 44 21. 58 16. 86 10. 9 15. 6 21. 9

PC Server (In Thousand set and 100 million Yuan) 427 348 277 235 71. 6 60. 3 64. 5 83. 89

RISC Server (In Thousand set and 100 million Yuan) 90. 0 85. 6 83. 1 16. 3 17. 8 20. 2

PC desktop (distribution among sectors) (In million sets) 5. 54 3. 106 2. 177 1. 681 1. 712

PC notebook (distribution among sectors) (In 10 thousand sets) 88. 3 61. 9 27. 4 19. 9 21. 2

PC server (distribution among sectors) (In 10 thousand) 15. 16 13. 0 16. 12 12. 9 5. 84 4. 5 5. 58 4. 4

Routers (thousand set; 100 million Yuan) 353 308 235 70. 1 54. 1 78. 6

Router Market Share in 2004 ( set; 100 million Yuan) set Yuan % of set % of Yuan high end 5400 36. 8 1. 8% 52. 5% middle and low end 302600 33. 3 98. 2% 47. 5% total 308000 70. 1 100%

Router Market Distribution (100 million Yuan) 27. 8% 27. 4% 14. 2% 12. 7% 13. 1% 11. 9% 10. 1% 10. 6% 10. 9% 11. 4% 11. 0% 9. 9% 7. 4% 6. 7% 8. 6% 6. 3% 电信 政府 Telecom Gov 2004 教育 Edu 能源 金融 制造 交通 其他 Energy Finance Manuf. Transp. other 2005

Ethernet Switch (million port; 100 million Yuan) 83. 8 74. 6 69. 5 62. 7 57. 2 17. 89 11. 32 14. 32 18. 29 20. 55

Mobile Phone (Million set; Billion Yuan) 133. 41 118. 93 120. 48 107. 71 90. 19 73. 786 62. 474 46. 016 78. 696 88. 061

Mobile Phone Buyer Behavior Customer Type Market Share 1 st time buying 23. 0% 2 nd time buying 25. 9% 3 rd time buying 20. 2% 4 th time buying 12. 6% more than 4 th 18. 3% total 100%

TV set-top (10 thousand set; 10 million Yuan) 298. 1 181 60. 5 13. 1 14. 96 48. 83

Content 1，Current Internet status in China 2，Security Issues 3，IT Products used in China 4，Applications 5，CNGI&NGN 6，Summary

VOIP Type of VOIPs in China: PC-PC (Internet) PC-Phone (Internet-Gateway-PSTN) Phone-Phone (PSTN-Internet-PSTN)

VOIP Regulation for different type of VOIPs: PC-PC –Trying to regulate, but impossible PC-Phone – Not allowed - Nearly 1000 enterprises are providing PC-Phone service illegally - 2005. 7 MII asked China Telecom and China Netcom to do commercial test for PC-Phone VOIP service, but no time limitation for the test Phone-Phone – Legal but license needed, services are provided by authorized telecom company only

VOIP Increasing usage of VOIP: (Billion Minutes) 134. 43 115. 13 82. 834 58. 883

VOIP Market share of VOIP: 43. 9% 39. 7% 37. 3% 35. 7% 31. 5% 25. 8% 14. 2% 15. 3% 12. 7% 13. 7% 11. 1% 11. 9% 2. 7% 3. 2% 1. 3% 中国电信 China Tele. Com 中国移动 China Mobile 中国网通 China Net. Com 中国联通 China Uni. Com 中国铁通 China Rail. Com

Games Network game market (billion Yuan) 2004 - Game market - Telecom company income - IT industry income - Media income 2005 3. 60 15. 07 6. 37 2. 41 5. 54 17. 34 7. 16 3. 71 2004 - Korean games in Top 10 6 - Chinese Games in Top 10 4 2005 4 6 Network game market share

Searching Engine (Users in China, in million) 75. 81 61. 10 48. 97 40. 37

Searching Engine Market Share in China 47. 9% 33. 3% 5. 2% 4. 1% 2. 8%

Instant Message (IM) Market Capacity in China (Estimated by Morgan Stanley) In Million US$ 96 77 55 40 62 83 107 114

IM Products market-share (2004 Data) 腾讯（tencent) QQ: 76. 7% 微软 （MSN）： 14. 4% 淘宝旺旺： 网易泡泡（POPO）： 2. 8% 雅虎通（Yahoo!Messenger）: 2. 1% 新浪UC： 1. 1% ICQ： - WEB site http: //im. qq. com http: //china. msn. com http: //www. taobao. com http: //popo. 163. com http: //cn. messenger. yahoo. com http: //www. 51 uc. com http: //www. icq. com

IM Tencent QQ market capacity (Million Users) 16* *note: data by the end of 2006. 6 9 5 4 3 0. 1 1

e-Business – B 2 B - B 2 B e-Commerce (Billion Yuan) 2004 480 2005 680. 1 increase 42% - Delivery system, Payment system and Credit system are still the bottlenecks for e-Business - B 2 B e-Commerce are less affected by the above bottlenecks. Registered Customers (million) 2004 2005 - 阿里巴巴（Alibaba. com） 3 8 - 慧聪网 1 2 - 金银岛 NA NA - 买麦网 NA NA * Alibaba is the biggest B 2 B company in the world

e-Business – B 2 C - - B 2 C service provider more than 12, 000. Most of them are NOT well known by customers. (normally, a costomer only familiar with 5 of them) A few important B 2 C enterprises - 当当网 - 卓越网 - 贝塔斯曼

e-Business – C 2 C Business: 2004 No. of Customers (million) 15 Amount of trade (billion Yuan) 1. 7 2005 37. 87 12 C 2 C Enterprises: - 淘宝网 (http: //www. taobao. com) - e. Bay易趣网 - 当当网 - 拍拍网点(Tencent) (http: //im. qq. com) * taobao and e. Bay have 95% of Market share

Estimated Future e-Business in China (Billion Yuan) data from SDC(赛迪顾问, 2006. 2) 5234. 2 3665. 4 2510. 5 1688. 3 1124. 8

Video Application (IPTV) - TV set as Internet terminals - VOD service - Streaming media technology - P 2 P video sharing, down loading - P 2 P streaming media - Video conference. . . - Deregulation is critical - TV industry penetrating into Internet service - Telecom company provider IPTV service (license needed) - Other stakeholders entering in - The first IPTV license has been issued to 上海文广新 闻传媒集团公司 in 2006. 4. 30

Blog - Blog is booming very fast in China - 2005 is known as the first year of Blog in China - According to different survey, in 2005, one third of Internet users in China are Blogger, making a total of 40 million Bloggers - Some famous blogs have 2 million accesses per day - 9% of the Bloggers publish new blog materials daily - 29% of Bloggers publish new blog materials 1 -3 times a week

Content 1，Current Internet status in China 2，Security Issues 3，IT Products used in China 4，Applications 5，CNGI&NGN 6，Summary

CNGI&NGN (CNGI Deployment) CNGI - China Next Generation Internet project - Multi-government department’s support - Multi-service provider’s participation - Biggest IPv 6 deployment in China

CNGI&NGN (Brief introduction) - 2002, Based on the proposal of 57 Academicians, CAS, MOE, NSFC and MOST jointly proposed to develop China Next Generation Internet to provide high performance scientific and research environment. - NSFC was the original funding source for this project 2002. 8, State Development and Innovation Commission took over the proposal and formally started the project CNGI with other 7 governmental departments

- The core network of CNGI covering 20 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and so on. It fully supports IPv 6 protocol and provides the access capability for both IPv 6 and IPv 4 users - The purpose of CNGI - form an open trial platform for developing China’s Next Generation Internet - provide environment for relevant research on IPv 6 related technology and new equipment - develop IPv 6 applications - promote Internet industry in China

- Among 6 backbones of the CNGI core network, CERNET 2 has been finished its construction by the end of 2004. - The total fund for CNGI project is 1. 4 billion RMB. It will construct a network composed of core network (including MAN), access network, customer premises network and Internet exchange center with IPv 6 technology, which can connect the international next generation Internet at high speed.

CNGI&NGN (CNGI Giga. Po. Ps in 20 Cities) Hei. Long. Jiang Ji. Lin 长春 Nei. Meng. Gu 沈阳 Liao. Ning Xin. Jiang 北京 Gan. Su 天津 He. Bei Ning. Xia Qing. Hai Shaan. Xi Shan. Xi 济南 Shan. Dong 兰州 郑州 西安 Xi. Zang Jiang. Su He. Nan Si. Chuan 南京 An. Hui Hu. Bei 武汉 合肥 上海 成都 杭州 Zhe. Jiang 重庆 Jiang. Xi 长沙 昆明 Yun. Nan CERNET Guang. Xi CHINA TELECOM（中国电信） CNC/CSTNET (中国网通/中科院） CHINA MOBILE (中国移动) CHINA UNICOM （中国联通） CHINA TIETONG （中国铁通） Fu. Jian Hu. Nan Gui. Zhou 广 州 深圳 Hai. Nan 厦门 Guang. Dong Hong. Kong Tai. Wan

CNGI&NGN (The first stage Network Layout of CNGI) It will cover 20 cities in China with 39 Giga. Po. Ps and 2 IXs. By 2005, it will become one of the biggest IPv 6 infrastructure worldwide in its scale.

CNGI&NGN (NGN and Soft-switch) - Traditional telephone business are declining - Interconnecting Internet with PSTN - Test-bed and trial service have been provided

Content 1，Current Internet status in China 2，Security Issues 3，Product 4，Applications 5，CNGI&NGN 6，Summary

Summary A, Internet Scale in China (2006. 6) 1, Network Users: 123 millions 2, Interneted Computers: 54. 5 millions 3, Domain Names: 2. 95 millions under. CN 1. 19 millions non. CN 1. 76 millions 中文. CN is increasing very fast (IE 7. 0 support) 4, International Links: 214. 175 Gbps 5, WEB Sites: 788, 400 6, IPv 4 Addresses: 84, 786, 688 (5 A+13 B+190 C)

Summary B, IT Products Sales in China (in 2005) 1, Mobile Phone: 88. 06 millions Total cellular phone in China: 449 millions 2, PC (desk top): 19. 9 millions desk top: 16. 9 millions notebook 3 millions 3, Server 447. 2 thousands PC Server 427 thousands RISC server 20. 2 thousands 4, Routers 353 thousands 5, Ethernet switches 20. 555 million ports

Thank You 谢 谢 ！