Internet 2 Ana Preston apreston internet 2 edu Program

Internet 2 Ana Preston apreston@internet 2. edu Program Manager, International Partnerships Buenos Aires, Argentina August 20, 2002

People on the Internet Millions of People Source: Nua Internet Surveys 2 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Internet…today • Internet: from thousands of users to millions of users. • Web, email, low-quality audio & video • Interconnect personal computers and servers • Applications adapt to underlying technology While it can “accommodate” explosive growth and enable convergence of information, mass media and human collaboration, BUT • Internet of the future will need to support billions of users and devices and the convergence of today’s applications with multimedia and …. 3 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

The new science: e-science • Science used to about test tubes, wet labs and big instruments • But increasingly science is moving to networks and computers • Science is now longer bound by bricks and mortar or geography • Recognition that more and more science is network and computationally based • Examples…. 4 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Cont. • Peer to peer: the killer application? • Distributed Computing: • A problem is broken into many small tasks • Tasks are then distributed to thousands of PCs world wide • When PCs are not busy they work on the distributed computation • After some time the results are returned to a central server 5 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

SETI@home • Demonstrated that PC Internet Computing Could Grow to Megacomputers • Running on 500, 000 PCs, ~1000 CPU Years per Day • Over Half a Million CPU Years so far! • 22 Teraflops sustained 24 x 7 • Sophisticated Data & Signal Processing Analysis • Distributes Datasets from Arecibo Radio Telescope Next Step. Allen Telescope Array 6 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Folding@home http: //www. stanford. edu/group/pandegroup/Cosm/ http: //members. ud. com/vypc/cancer/ • This "virtual supercomputer" uses peer-to-peer technology to make unprecedented amounts of processing power available to medical researchers to accelerate the development of improved treatments and drugs that could potentially cure diseases. • Rapid new discoveries in cancer research 7 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Virtual Observatory • www. voforum. org • Discovery process will rely on advanced visualization and data mining tools • Not tied to a single brick and mortar location • Will cross correlate existing multi-spectral databases petabytes in size 8 No new telescopes or radio dishes. Just big networks interconnecting large database Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Today’s Internet… • Today’s Internet does NOT: • reliable performance (end-to-end) • Encourage cooperation on new capabilities • Allow testing of new technologies • Support development of revolutionary applications • meet the unique needs of research and education community 9 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Internet Development Spiral Commercialization Privatization Today’s Internet Research and Development Source: Ivan Moura Campos 10 Internet 2 Partnerships Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Research & Education • Universities strive for qualitative and quantitative improvements: • In support of research • In support of teaching and learning • how to accelerate the change in technologies and applications on the internet to support new demands for the research and education community? • how can new technologies be incorporated into the existing Internet? (think back in when the Internet started…) • • 11 Stanford -- the Internet protocols NSFNet -- the scaled-up Internet CERN -- the WWW protocols University of Illinois -- the Web browser Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Attributes of Advanced Apps • Provide qualitative and quantitative improvements in how we conduct research and engage in teaching and learning • Common attributes: • Remote instrumentation and interactive collaboration • Distributed data storage and data mining • Large-scale, multi-site computation • Real-time access to remote resources • Dynamic data visualization • Shared virtual reality 12 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Science and Engineering • High Energy and Nuclear Physics (HENP) • Generating multi-petabyte datasets, gigabytes per second per experiment • Cascading data storage model, near-zero packet loss per data stream, distributed database for end-user data manipulation • Each experiment requires input from hundreds of researchers around the world 13 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

What are Grids? • Grids enable the new science • Original motivation, and support, from high-end science and engineering • Enable communities (“virtual organizations”) to share resources as they pursue common goals • New applications enabled by the coordinated use of geographically distributed resources • E. g. , distributed collaboration, data access and analysis, distributed computing, instrumentation • Persistent infrastructure for large scale computing problems • Using distributed computing resources of schools, universities and research centers 14 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

The Grid Instruments Libraries Workstations 15 Data sets People Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

* http: //www. ivdgl. org and http: //igoc. iu. edu 16 * H. Newman Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Access Grid www. accessgrid. org 17 Source: Argonne National Laboratory Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Remote Instrumentation • Instrumentation must be controllable without local intervention • Individual sites will have multiple data sources streaming data that will interact with the remote instrument • Data will be made available both in real time and via storage • Failsafe mechanisms must be in place in addition to normal network performance tests 18 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

• Advanced Networks: Latency, Loss and Jitter (network quality) are more important than pure bandwidth • Provide wider access to limited resource • Improves teaching and learning • Create a dynamic resource • Share equipment • Dynamically analyze data with remote collaborators • Enhance collaborative opportunities 19 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Example: Astronomy • Data collection equipment is located in extreme environments • Collaborators are spread across the globe • Mauna Kea, Hawaii Cerro Pachon, Chile • Observers do not need to have physical contact with the equipment 20 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Health Sciences • 3 D Brain Map • Visualization of data: real-time MRI, previously stored data, etc. • Computational information transferred to supercomputers and used to understand brain functions in real time • Very large multi-dimensional, multi-modal, time-varying data sets • Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN) • Extremely large data sets and repositories • Dynamically generate 3 D visualizations from medical records • Generating 36 Gbytes/day, so new models for search, retrieval and analysis will be necessary 21 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Telepresence environment • • Real-time interactions with very high quality audio and MPEG-2 video • as needed “meetings” connecting faculty and staff across the ocean 22 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Arts and Humanities • University of Oklahoma Master Classes • High fidelity video and audio via MPEG 2 • Optimized latency, audio/video synchronization • Connecting Oklahoma with the New World Symphony in Miami, Florida • Dancing Beyond Boundaries • Distance Collaborative Dance Performance at SC 2001 • Hybrid performance combining local and remote performances between Florida, Minnesota, Denver and Brazil • Synchronizing choreography across the continent 23 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Example: Language/Cultural Exchanges 24 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

ORGANIZATION Internet 2 Mission • Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies for research and higher education, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s internet. • Enable new generation of applications • Create leading edge R&E network capability: Supporting advanced service efforts (multicast, IPv 6, Qo. S, Measurement, Security) • Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet 25 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Internet 2: Collaborative Partnership • Organization: • Not for profit (not commercial) • Higher education leadership • Abilities: • Support applications developers and users • Provide national-scope advanced networking capabilities for universities, research institutes • Goals: • Spread availability of new networking technology 26 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

ORGANIZATION Internet 2 Focus Areas • Applications • Engineering • Middleware • Network Infrastructure • Partnerships 27 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

ORGANIZATION Internet 2 membership • U. S. universities are eligible for membership • Must commit to putting high-performance network infrastructure in place on campus and to other universities ~estimate $. 5 M/year expense • Commit to supporting advanced apps and technology development • Join Internet 2 project with dues of $25, 000/year • Maintain commercial Internet connection • Maintain connection to Internet 2 backbone: Abilene 28 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

How Internet 2 works • Universities commit: • Engineering lead: connect university to rest of Internet 2 community, deploy new technologies • Applications lead: support apps development on campus • Middleware architect: work with I 2 MI to implement middleware infrastructure • Working groups: • Of expert/interested individuals within community • Chaired by volunteer (sometimes by staff) • Staff support 29 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Internet 2 Members 200 universities (yellow dots) 70 corporations 40 non-profits and gov’t labs 30 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Relationship to Federal Govt. • Separate but interdependent • 1996: Federal Next Generation Internet Initiative • NSF provides grant funding to universities for connections to high performance networks (over 100 funded) • Early 1997: Internet 2 founded • U. S. Large Scale Networking • Led by Federal government • Focused on Federal agency needs • Internet 2 • Led by higher education • Focused on research and education needs 31 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Internet 2 Focus Areas • Advanced Applications • Middleware • Engineering • Advanced Network Infrastructure • Partnerships 32 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

ABILENE NETWORK Internet 2 Network Backbone • Abilene • The name of Internet 2’s network infrastructure • Apr 1998: Project announced at White House • Jan 1999: Production status for network • 15+ Giga. POPs around the country • NOC located at Indiana University 33 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Typical Internet 2 University Network Connection University Campus Internet 2 Backbones (2. 4 Gbps) 155 Mbps – 2. 4 Gbps Department 155 Mbps – 2. 4 Gbps 100 Mbps Lab or Classroom Regional Network 622 Mbps-2. 4 Gbps 155 Mbps – 2. 4 Gbps University Campus 34 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

ABILENE NETWORK Backbone Capacity Partners: Qwest, Cisco, Nortel, Indiana University, Juniper Seattle Chicago Sacramento Cleveland Indianapolis Sunnyvale Denver Los Angeles New York Washington, DC Kansas City Los Angeles Atlanta OC 48 Houston OC 12 -Today: OC 48 (2. 4 gpbs) POS, multicast, IPv 4 & IPv 6, quality of service (Diff. Serv) - Key international exchange points facilitated by Internet 2 membership and the U. S. scientific community 35 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

36 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Future of Abilene • Qwest has extended commitment for another 5 years – to October 2006 • Upgrade of Abilene backbone to optical transport capability • 4 times increase in core bandwidth, to 10 gigabits/second (OC 192) • New wavelength capabilities • IPv 6 Native 37 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Sacra ment o Los Angele s August 2002

Internet 2 Focus Areas • Advanced Applications • Middleware • Engineering • Advanced Network Infrastructure • Partnerships 38 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Middleware } Applications Advanced Network Services (Distributed Network Middleware) Authentication, Identification, Authorization, Directories, Security Advanced Physical Network Infrastructure 39 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Middleware 40 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Internet 2 Middleware Initiative • Focus on core middleware as infrastructure • Interoperability • 190 universities will never buy the same software • Getting stuff implemented • Best practices • Integrate across applications • Discourage ‘islands’ of middleware infrastructure • E. g. core mware just for this grid project • Enable community to share resources • Grid, remote instruments, shared classes 41 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Internet 2 Focus Areas • Advanced Applications • Middleware • Engineering • Advanced Network Infrastructure • Partnerships 42 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Engineering • Scalable IP Multicast • http: //www. internet 2. edu/multicast/ • IPv 6 • Quality of Service: QBone • http: //www. internet 2. edu/qbone/ • Network Security • Measurement 43 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Internet 2 Focus Areas • Advanced Applications • Middleware • Engineering • Advanced Network Infrastructure • Partnerships 44 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

ABILENE NETWORK International Peering STAR TAP/Star Light Pacific Wave AARNET, APAN/Trans. PAC , CA*net 3, TANET 2 APAN/Trans. PAC, Ca*net 3, CERN, CERnet, FASTnet, GEMnet, IUCC, KOREN/KREONET 2, NORDUnet, RENATER, SURFnet, Sing. AREN, TAnet 2 NYCM SNVA BELNET, CA*net 3, Washington HEANET, JANET, NORDUnet, GEANT* Sacrament GEMNET, SINET, o Sing. AREN, WIDE LOSA Los Angeles UNINET OC 3 -OC 12 San Diego (CALREN 2) El Paso (UACJ-UT El Paso) CUDI AMPATH REUNA, RNP 2 RETINA, ANSP * ARNES, CARNET, CESnet, DFN, GRNET, RESTENA, SWITCH, HUNGARNET, GARR-B, POL-34, RCCN, Red. IRIS 45 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Networks reachable via Abilene – by country Europe-Middle East Asia-Pacific Austria Italy Australia Belgium Latvia China Bulgaria Lithuania Hong Kong Croatia Luxembourg Czech Republic Netherlands Japan Cyprus Norway Korea Denmark Poland Singapore Estonia Portugal Taiwan Finland Romania Thailand France Slovakia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel 46 Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom *CERN Americas Argentina Brazil Canada Chile Mexico United States Abilene provides transit to v. BNS and non-US peers of Abilene More information about reachable networks at www. internet 2. edu/abilene/peernetworks. html Also, see www. startap. net Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Internet 2 International Goals • Ensure global interoperability • of the next generation of Internet technologies and applications • Enable global collaboration • in research and education providing/promoting the development of an advanced networking environment internationally Build effective partnerships in other countries • With organizations of similar goals/objectives and similar constituencies • Mechanism: Memoranda of Understanding 47 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

International Mo. U Partners Europe-Middle East ARNES (Slovenia) BELNET (Belgium) CARNET (Croatia) CESnet (Czech Republic) DANTE (Europe) DFN-Verein (Germany) GIP RENATER (France) GRNET (Greece) HEAnet (Ireland) HUNGARNET (Hungary) INFN-GARR (Italy) Israel-IUCC (Israel) NORDUnet (Nordic Countries) POL-34 (Poland) RCST (Portugal) Red. IRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxembourg) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) TERENA (Europe) JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom) 48 Asia-Pacific AAIREP (Australia) APAN (Asia-Pacific) APAN-KR (Korea) APRU (Asia-Pacific) CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET (China) JAIRC (Japan) JUCC (Hong Kong) NECTEC / UNINET (Thailand) Sing. AREN (Singapore) TAnet 2 (Taiwan) Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Americas CANARIE (Canada) CRNET (Costa Rica) CUDI (Mexico) REUNA (Chile) RETINA (Argentina) RNP 2/ANSP (Brazil) SENACYT (Panama) August 2002

Asia to US connectivity (June 2002) Country BW(mbps) Interconnect APAN/US Trans. PAC 622 Tokyo to P. Wave (NSF funded) 622 Tokyo to Star Light Australia AARNET 310 Pacific Wave China CERNET 10? STAR TAP Korea KOREN/KREONET 2 45 STAR TAP Japan SINET 155 Abilene, Sunnyvale Japan WIDE (ipv 6 only) 155 Abilene, Sunnyvale Japan GEMNET 33 Ab/Sunny. – STAR TAP Singapore Sing. AREN 27 STAR TAP, Sunnyv. Taiwan TANET 2 155 Pacific Wave Thailand 49 Network UNINET 10? Abilene, LA Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Europe to US connectivity (June 2002) Country BW(mbps) Interconnect CERN 622 + 2500 coming Star Light/710 NLSD France RENATER 45 STAR TAP/AADS Ireland HEANET 465 NYC/STAR TAP Netherlands SURFnet 1244+ Star Light Nordic Countries NORDUnet 622? NYC/Star Light U. K. JANET 2500? NYC Russia FASTnet (nee MIRnet) (NSF funded) 155 STAR TAP Europe 50 Network GEANT 5000 + 2500 coming NYC Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Americas Connectivity (June 2002) Country Network BW(mbps) Interconnect Canada CA*net 3 465+ S. T. , Pacific Wave, NYC Mexico RED-CUDI 255 Tijuana-San Diego (CALREN 2), Juarez/El Paso Chile REUNA 45 Am. PATH Brazil RNP 2 45 Am. PATH ANSP 45 Am. PATH Argentina RETINA 2 45 Am. PATH Gemini/NOAO (funding from NSF) 10 SFGP Puerto Rico (Arecibo Observatory) To Abilene-U. S. 45 SFGP 51 (funding from NSF) Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Am. PATH http: //ampath. fiu. edu • Florida International University and Global Crossing led • Potential to connect 10 countries at 45 mbps each • Peering through Miami (collocated with SFGP) • Argentina, Chile, Brazil 52 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Latin America • CLARA: Consorcio Latino Americano de Redes Avanzadas 53 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Global Terabit Research Network http: //www. gtrn. net And coming up: • Latin America (CLARA) • Asia (APAN) 54 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

Contact Info / Q & A • Ana Preston apreston@internet 2. edu • More Information http: //www. internet 2. edu/ info@internet 2. edu Applications http: //apps. internet 2. edu 55 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002

www. internet 2. edu 56 Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina August 2002