International Trade A way of obtaining scarce resources
Comparative Advantage n n n The ability of a country to produce a good at a relatively lower cost than another country can Because of comparative advantage, nations specialize n They use their scarce resources to produce those things they produce better than any other countries Examples: n Saudi Arabia: Oil n Columbia: Coffee
Trade Restrictions n Protective Tariffs: a tax on an imported good to make the price of imported goods higher than the price of the same goods produced domestically n Encourages people to buy American products
Trade Agreements n European Union (EU) n n An organization of independent European nations No trade barriers among these nations Goods, services, and even workers can move freely among nations Use a common currency, the EURO
Trade Agreements continued n NAFTA n n North American Free Trade Agreement Eliminates all barriers to trade among US, Canada, and Mexico
Trade Agreements continued n World Trade Organization (WTO) n n Oversees trade among nations Organizes negotiations about trade rules Provides help to countries that are trying to develop their economies Settles trade disputes
Unfair Balances of Trade n n A balance of trade is the difference between the value of a nation’s exports and its imports If a nation imports more than it exports, it has a trade deficit A nation exports more when its currency is weak because its goods are cheaper A nation exports less when its currency is strong because its goods are more expensive
Effects of Trade Deficits n n n Value of a nation’s currency is devalued on foreign exchange markets Supply of currency floods the market, causing a further devaluation of the currency Unemployment
Trade Sanctions and Embargos n n Trade sanctions are efforts to punish another nation by imposing trade barriers Embargos are an agreement among a group of nations that prohibits them from trading with a target nation
OPEC n n OPEC's objective is to coordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry. Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela
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