INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TELEMATICS 2002 October 1 1 Kiwi Format and Telematics Kiwi-W Consortium Takahiko Hamada © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
2 Transition of car navigation in Japan • In 1987 Stored Map Database in CD-ROM Map Database CD-ROM EMV （Electro Multi Vision） © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
3 Transition of car navigation in Japan • In 1991 Released Car navigation system by various manufacturers – Adoption of GPS and Gyro sensor – From single purpose to multi purpose → The rise of commercial items ＧＰＳ Satellite Ceramic Gyro © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
4 Birth of Ｎａｖｉｋｅｎ Format • Expansion of car navigation market • Expectation of entering into the navigation market by Audio makers which have no map data • Standardization of map disc, and entry the navigation market with map disc provided by map maker • Birth of Naviken Format Ver 1. 0 in 1988 • After adding more function, birth of Ver 2. 1 in 1995 © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
5 Intensification of functional race • Quantitative race – Map • 1 -10 thousandth scale model of the whole country • Adoption of foot prints – 1400 cities – Search for destination • Search by phone number – Corporation 10 million cases – Individual 60 million cases • Search by address – 26 million cases CD-ROM plurality DVD-ROM © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
6 Intensification of functional race • Operational race – High-speed scrolling – ３ -D map • Bird View • Real foot prints – High-speed route search Bird View Real 3 D Map © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
7 Alternation of Map disc format • The format needs to be changed for corresponding to upgrade. • Naviken S Format Ver 2. 2 • The function which stands out from the rest is required in order to overcome in market competition. – The format is not compatible on each year. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
8 Increase of kinds of maintained version • Map data needs to be maintained every year. • The kinds of maintained version run up to one hundred and dozens of kinds. 95年 95 Model 96年 97年 No compatible 96 Model © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
9 Limits of Naviken format • Correspondence to upgrading reaches the limit. – No expandability. – The data format depends on the facility of the navigation system. • Compatibility of Naviken disc disappears. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
10 Conventional map database structure • Database structure witch depends on the requirement of the Application Program The real world Map display Data Positional reference Data Route planning Database for each function Refer to data. (1) Application(1) (map display) Refer to data. (2) Application(2) (positional calculation) Refer to data. (n) Application(n) (recommended route planning) Applicatio n for each format System control program © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
11 Birth of Kiwi format • The time of creation of industry standard format – Correspondence to sophisticated navigation system – Expandability • Foundation of Kiwi-W Review committee in 1996 – 17 companies concerned in car navigation system participate. – Disclosure of X format from Xanavi – Review of standard format • Kiwi Ver 1. 1 was completed and estimated by demonstrative experiment in 1998. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
12 Summary of Kiwi format • Explanation of summary of the format The name “Kiwi” was derived from the fact the format had been deliberated as International standardization at ISO meeting in Sydney. Kiwi © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
13 Kiwi format aims…. . • • • To describe the real world To speed-up of data reference To compress the volume of the data To magnify the expandability To enlarge the field of application © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
14 Data base structure of Kiwi format • The real world is described by information related to the shape of the object, the attribute, and the connection (phase) etc. The real world Standard data format for data exchange Relation of connection Shape data Attribute data Common data reference program Application(1) Application(2) Application(n) © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
15 The composition of Kiwi format Index Data Main Map Data Road Data Background Data Text Data Route Guidance Data Route Planning data Drawing Parameters Data Voice Data Image Data ＶＩＣＳ © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
16 Speed-up of Data Reference • Main map data (parcel) – Kiwi format refers to the data in a constant area • Route planning data (region) – Kiwi format refers to the data of wide area as much as possible • Hierarchical structure – Kiwi format quickly refers to the data which exist between one level and another, or which exist nearby area © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
17 Main Map Data (Parcel) • They are used for Map-display, Location, and Route guidance • The area is divided by rectangles (parcel) • Data has Hierarchical structure level n level 2 level 1 © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
18 Main Map Data (Parcel) • Data to be stored – Management records – Road data • Figure data and Road attribute data to be used for mapdisplay and location. • It has traffic regulation information and link connection information so that it may be used for the route calculation – Background Data – Text Data – Guidance Data • Appellations of intersection etc. which is referred to intersections data in Road Data © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
19 Map Display Data Frame Map Display Distribution Header ： Offset/Size of Road Data Frame 阪神高速 夢 前 川 Offset/Size of Back. Ground Data Frame Offset/Size of Text Data Frame 瀬戸内海 公園 Text Road Data Frame Distribution Header ： Number of Display Class [Ａ] Offset to Display-classified Road Data Number of Multi. Link (for each Display calss) Road Data List Array of Display-classified Road Data Road Display Scale Flag Array of Multi. Link Data Record ： Back Ground Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame Text Data Frame Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame Extension Data Frame Back Ground © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
20 Main Map Data (Parcel) • Division and integration of a parcel level n level 2 level 1 Kiwi format divides and integrates a parcel into approximately same size of rectangle. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
21 Route Planning Data (Region) • They are used for Route planning • The area can be divided into arbitrary size (region) • They have a Hierarchical structure. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
22 Route Planning Data (Region) Higher level 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 2 3 Region divisions for each layer 4 5 Lower 6 level Region number 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 Tree structure of region management records © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
23 Route Planning Data • Data to be stored – Management records – Information of node • Information of intersections in road networks • Information which corresponds to upper level – Link information • Information of road in road networks • Information which corresponds to upper level • Information of connection to border region – Regulation information • Information of traffic regulation in intersection and regulation for part of road in intersection © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
24 Route Planning Data Frame Route Planning Distribution Header ： Offset / Size of each Data Frame Node Data Frame Total Number of Node Records ［Ｎ］ Array of Node Record （#1 to #Ｎ） Attribute Number of Link Record [Ｋ] Route Planning Data Frame Offset to Link Record Number of Regulation Record ［Ｌ］ Link Data Frame Link Cost Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node Passage Code Data Frame ： © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
25 Route Planning Data Frame Route Planning Distribution. Header Node Data Frame Link Data Frame Array of Link Record ［#1 to #K for each Node］ Link Cost Record Number Attribute Array of Regulation Record ［#1 to #K for each Node］ Upper Level Correspondence Record Number of the Node ： Link Cost Data Frame Array of Link Cost Data Record Link ID Cost (Ex. Link length , Average Traveling Time） ： Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node Passage Code Data Frame ： © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
26 Route Planning Data Frame Level i+1 Route Planning Distribution. Header Node Data Frame Link Cost Data Frame Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Node Number of Nodes Corresponding to the Upper Level [ Ｎ] Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Node (#1 to #N) Adjacent Information Upper Level Node ID Number Offset to the Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Link Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Link Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Link Passage Code Data Frame Level i ： © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
27 Compression of the Volume of the Data • Data management by the size of data – Kiwi format sets the fixed size for each data block and manages whole size of the data • Data management by flags – Kiwi format manages the existence of fluid data by flags which correspond to bits. • Multi link structure – Kiwi format integrates the roads which have same attribute, and describe the existence of a intersection. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
28 Data-Compression by size or flag （Example） Data Frame A Control Header Size of Data Frame A Control Flags、Header Size of Data B Size of Data E Size of Data F Expansion Data Delete flag of Data Frame A Existence flag of Data D Existence flag of Data E Existence flag of Data F Existence flag of Expansion Data (Data Frame A) Size of Control Header Data B （always stored） Data C （fixed length , always stored） Data D （fixed length ） Data E Data F Expansion Data © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
29 Multi Link shape Node Link Ｒｏａｄ B Ｒｏａｄ Ａ Links ＮＡ０ ＬＡ０ ＮＡ１ Attribute A Attribute B Attribute 0 Attribute 1 Multilink ＮＡ０ ＬＡ０ Attribute B Attribute 2 ＮＡ１ Attribute 1 ＬＡ１ ＮＡ２ ＮＡ３ Attribute B Attribute 3 ＬＡ１ ＮＡ２ Attribute 2 ＬＡ２ Attribute B ＮＡ４ Attribute C Attribute 5 Attribute B Attribute 4 ＮＡ３ Attribute 3 ＬＡ３ ＮＡ４ Attribute 4 Common attribute Attribute for individual link © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
30 Multilink ＮＡ０ ＬＡ０ ＮＡ１ Attribute 1 ＬＡ１ ＮＡ２ Attribute 2 ＬＡ２ Attribute 3 Attribute A Multi. Link Data Record Multi. Link Header Flags for management、Size of each Infomation Number of Nodes （Ｎ） ＬＡ３ ＮＡ４ Attribute 4 Individual link attribute Detailed attribute Node Record Identical Node Infomation Flags of each Additional Node Infomation Attribute of Multi. Link Shape Information （Array of Link Shape Ｎ） Attribute of Link （Example ：Number of Shape Point（Ｋ）） Offset to Additional Node Record ( X、Ｙ ) of Node ： Array of ( X、Ｙ ) of Shape Point （Ｋ） Offset to route guidance data Node and Link Connection Information （Array of Node Record Ｎ） Additional Node Information （Array of Additional Node Record Ｎ） Altitude Information Passage Regulation Information Offset to Street Name data Offset to Passage Regulation Information ： Temporal Information Expansion Data © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
31 The Expandability of the Data • The expandability of basic data – Kiwi format prepares the expanding part so that expansion may not have any effect on the data reference • Kiwi format manages the data by the number of elements and the volume of the data • Kiwi format controls the expansion by the flags which correspond to the bits – The expandability enables Kiwi format to expand in the future and to store the individual data by each manufacturers • The structure of file – Kiwi format enables each manufacturers to store the individual data. • Html © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
32 How to store expansion data（Example） Data Frame A Control Header Size of Data Frame A Control Flags、Header Size of Data B Size of Data E Size of Data F Expansion Data Delete flag of Data A Existence flag of Data D Existence flag of Data E Existence flag of Data F Existence flag of Extension Data (Data Frame A) Size of Control Header Data B （always Stored） Data C（fixed length, always stored） Data D （always stored） Data E Data F Control by Size and Flag Expansion Data © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
33 How to store original data (Example）cf. Control Frame of Data Frame A ： Number of Basic / Extension Data Frame Address / Size of Data Frame A Extension Data Frame 1 User ID Data Frame A Original Data Control Header ： Offset and Size for each Basic / Extension Data Frame ） Basic Data Frame 3 （ 〃 User ID Data ID Basic Data Frame 1 （Define Format） Basic Data Frame 2 （ 〃 Extension Data Frame 2 ） Original Data Extension Data Frame 1 （Undefined Format） Extension Data Frame 2 （ 〃 ） © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
34 The Structure of Physical Data （Address Map） Start-up record Root directory Directory Root Directory Area ISO 9660 （Volume） KIWI format file Directory Pointer to ALLDATA. KWI Data Volume DSA to main map management frame DSA to route planning data frame Main map data management frame Route planning data management frame Pointer to META. DATA All data management frame Pointer to LOADING. KWI ALLDATA. KWI Main map data Route planning data ・ ・ Metadata Real data frames Loading © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
35 Index Data • Information of index data to select the destination • Search frame to narrow down the data and point data to store the result of the search • The composition can be defined freely on search frame and POI information © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
36 Structure of Index Data Management Data Volume Management Frame 2 3 Search Frame 1 POI Information 1 Search Frame 2 Search Frame 3 Search Frame 4 POI地点情報 3 2 Information © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
37 Index Data • It defines the form of the search facility and search data by signature of 4 bits – Management of the volume • Layer search DSRC：Define for Search • B-Tree search DSBT：Define for Search of Balanced Tree – Search frame • SR 50：Search by 50 on • SRJP：Search by Japanese area – Point information • Point information（normal） • PINR：Point Of Interest（normal) • Point information(data declaration) • DPOI：Define for Point Of Interest © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
38 An Example of Address Search Detailed search information record （Address search） Prefecture-specific category A Aichi prefecture Nagoya city City/Ward/Town/ Village-specific category Main A 主 Main area Akabane town 主 Matching data Oaza/koaza/banchispecific category Main 主 A 主 Main area 1 -chome Akabane 主 Aomori prefecture WA 2 -chome Akabane ・ I Akubi town ・ ・ Ishikawa prefecture ・ Wakayama prefecture NA Nagoya city O ・ ・ Main area A Atsuta ward Main 主 A ・ Main area ・ Main area Main 主 Main area ・ 主 Main (Main area, Akabaneprefecture) (1 -chome, Akabane town, Aichi prefecture) To POI information (1 -chome, Akabane town, Aichi prefecture) ・ (main area Akubi town, Aichi prefecture) (1 -chome, Akubi town, Aichi prefecture) 1 -chome Akubi ・ ・ Main 主 1 -chome Akabane (Main area, Aichi prefecture ) Main area ・ ・ (main area Nagoya city) (main area Atsuta ward, Nagoya city) ・ (main area Kita ward, Nagoya city) ・ (main area Aomori prefecture) ・ © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
39 Applicability to Many Countries • Kiwi format has succeeded to overcome the difference between Japan and U. S. A （Ver 1. 22） Japan prefecture US state cities, towns, and villages chou, aza street banchi (lot number) house number © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
40 International standardization • In 1997, Kiwi format was proposed to be an International standard as ISO/TC 204/WG 3(TICS database technology) SWG 3. 2（Physical Storage Format）at Kobe meeting. • Under deliberation at present. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
41 Foundation of Kiwi-W consortium • In July of 2001, Kiwi-W consortium was founded as an organization that promotes popularization of Kiwi format. . • Kiwi-W consortium establishment preparation committee – – – – Aisin AW Co. , Ltd. Increment P Ltd. Xanavi Informatics Corporation Zenrin Co. , Ltd. DENSO CORPORATION. Honda Motor co. , Ltd. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Toyota Mapmaster Inc. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
42 Kiwi-W consortium • Aims at the achievement of the inter-operability of the map disks with the use of Kiwi-W format. • Defines necessary regulations, and discloses official information. • Supports practical use. • Accelerates the spread of Navigation systems in each country by defining the standard for the world. • Nonprofit organization © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
43 Activity • We issue and disclose the format specifications and the operation regulations to use the Kiwi-W disk. • We certificate and the manage the produced Kiwi-W disk. • We disclose official information on Web site. • We work with related organization including the ISO/TC 204/WG 3/SWG 3. 2 • We propagate Kiwi-W format over related enterprises. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
44 Document • Format specifications – Basic chapter The part submitted to ISO is disclosed free of cost Kiwi format specifications – Expanded chapter Kiwi-W format specifications • Operation rules of the format For limited members Operation guideline For limited members © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
45 Kiwi format specifications • Basic chapter • Submitted to ISO (=Ver 1. 22 / current) • Contents – Chapter 1 Sentence rule – Chapter 2 Data composition in media » – Chapter 33 Image data frame – Chapter 34 Voice data frame • Disclosed free of cost. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
46 Kiwi-W format specifications • Expanded chapter • Defines expanded function which is not defined in basic chapter • Defines format of each function on Index search • Contents – Chapter 51 The actually Index search » – Chapter 60 Reference • Disclosed only to the members. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
47 Operation guideline • Secures the inter-operability of data. • Defines the storage method and the restrictions of each segment of data. – Preset value and explanation (In Japan and foreign countries) – Preset value (min & max) – Regulations © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
48 Certification • Each management company confirms the inter -operability of proposed disk. • Each management company brings forward the disk to secretariat with confirmation result. • The secretariat gives and manages certification number to the applicant. – The information of the certification will be disclosed on the Web site. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
49 Member regulations and fee • Qualification for members • Corporation or any division in corporation • An individual honored member can join if there is approval of the management company • Segment of members – Management companies – General member • Start of recruiting new members – April, 2001 • Annual membership fee – Management company →950, 000 or $8, 000 – General member →450, 000 or $4, 000 © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
50 Organization • Board member – Chairman • Represents and generalizes Kiwi-W consortium – Manager • Manages Kiwi-W consortium • Examines and produces the specifications • Plans and executes the commission – Inspector • Secretariat • Discloses the information © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
51 Introduction of Ｋｉｗｉ－W consortium members 【Director（８ companies）】 AISIN AW CO. , LTD. ALPINE ELECTRONICS INCREMENT P CORPORATION Xanavi Infomatics Corporation ZENRIN CO. , LTD DENSO CORPORATION TOYOTA MAPMASTER INC. MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION 【Auditor（１ company）】 SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, LTD 【Members（１５ companies）】 Clarion Co. , Ltd. KENWOOD CORPORATION JAPAN DIGITAL ROAD MAP ASSOCIATION SHINKA INFORMATION SYSTEM CO. , LTD SOUGOU SYSTEM SERVICE LTD. Tele Atlas JAPAN REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION Navigations Technologies Kabushiki Kaisha IBM Japan, Ltd. Pioneer Corporation Hitachi Engineering Co. , Ltd. Fujitsu Ltd Honda Motor Co. , Ltd Matsushita Communication Industrial Co. , Ltd China Datong Industry Co. , Ltd. © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
52 Activity in 2002 • Publication of Kiwi instruction manual – Comment on how to use Kiwi data • Publicity activities to Korea and China – Setting of Korean branch and Chinese branch • Creation of Kiwi Viewer – Offer to members in open source © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
53 Future activity • Alteration of car navigation system – HDD model, Memory model – Infrastructure of wireless communication CD-ROM HDD DVD-ROM © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
54 Investigation of new format • Correspondence to Re. Writable media – Current Kiwi format concludes information in the disc. – Development of Kiwi-RW based on Kiwi • Setting a seminar – Request for members’ participation © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
55 The future of Kiwi format Kiwi-W Kiwi-RW © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
56 Kiwi-W Consortium • Kiwi-W consortium Web site – URL • http: //kiwi-w. mapmaster. co. jp – Inquiries • TOYOTA MAPMASTER INC. 7 F Sumitomo-Seimei building, 2 -14 -19, Meieki-minami, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Japan Zip code: 450 -0003 PREPAIRED: Hamada and Fukumizu Mail: kiwi-w@mapmaster. co. jp © 2002 Kiwi-W consortium
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