International Joint Research Center for Nanophotonics and Biophotonics

International Joint Research Center for Nanophotonics and Biophotonics: Meeting the 21 st Century Technical Challenges P. N. Prasad “Lighting the Way to Nano-Technology through Innovation” The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Niagara Falls The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics v Multidisciplinary Frontier Research in Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics v Extensive Research Facility ($26 million) v Education and Training Funded by NSF v Industrial Collaboration : Co-development, Industrial training, advanced testing v Technology Transfer : 7 spin off companies (LPT, ACIS, Hybrid Technologies, Nano. Biotix, Nanoaxis, Hangzhou Mingyue Laser Optoelectronics Co and Solexant Inc. ) v Discussion with RUSNANO on a joint venture Nanobiotech company in Russia v International collaboration : Joint research, Student exchange, Joint workshop Multifunctional Nanomaterials Energy Metamaterials Nanotechnology at ILPB Health care The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics Nanoassebles and nano/microfabrication Chem/Bio technology Information technology www. photonics. buffalo. edu

ILPB Nanotechnology Network Collaboration Visits (2008 -2009) 2008 January 2008: Brazil February 2008: Qatar, India May 2008: China September 2008: Romania October 2008: Philippines November 2008: China, Korea December 2008: Russia

ILPB Nanotechnology Network Collaboration Visits (2008 -2009) 2008 January 2008: Brazil February 2008: Qatar, India May 2008: China September 2008: Romania 2009 October 2008: Philippines November 2008: China, Korea December 2008: Russia February 2009: Dubai August 2009: Ireland March 2009: Malta, Germany August 2009: Brazil September 2009: China, Korea May 2009: China September 2009: Chile July 2009: Italy, Russia

Energy Health Care Impact of Nanotechnology: Subject of Global Priorities Chemical And Biodefense Information Technology Environment

NANOTECHNOLOGY: US: 1. 821 B$ Korea: 0. 350 B$ India: 0. 050 B$ A GLOBAL PRIORITY Russia: 1. 076 B$ EU: 2. 440 B$ Global Government Funding in 2008: 7. 849 B$ China: 0. 510 B$ Japan: 1. 128 B$ Rest of World: 0. 510 B$ http: //www. cientifica. eu/images/Whitepapers/nor-sample. pdf The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www. photonics. buffalo. edu

NANOPHOTONICS Nanoscale Optical Interactions and Excitation Dynamics: Manipulation and Manifestations Ø Size Dependent Optical Transitions Ø Novel Optical Resonances Ø Nano-control of Excitations Dynamics Ø Manipulation of Light Propagation Ø Nanoscopic Field Enhancement Technologies for global priorities: Solar Energy, Information Technology, Environmental Monitoring, Healthcare

NANOPHOTONICS FROM MEDIEVAL AGES (Stained Glass Window in Notre Dame de Paris: Rose Window) Metallic nanoparticle doped glasses

NANOPHOTONICS: A Dream or Reality? Nanophotonics in the Marketplace * Nanoparticle u. v. absorber in sunscreen lotions: - Ti. O 2, Zn. O * Semiconductor Lasers (Laser pointers, Laser printers, DVD players) - Quantum well lasers * Solid State Lasers for Chemical Sensing - Quantum cascade lasers * Nanoplasmonic Home-pregnancy kit

NANOPHOTONICS QDs: Size-dependent absorption/emission Dendrimers: Control of excitation dynamics Photonic crystals: Manipulation of light propagation Plasmonic arrays: Field enhancement, Novel optical resonances Nanotrapping: Subwavelength control of field gradients

Portable Renewable Energy Device Solar Energy Abundant energy source only available during day Waste heat High Z nanostructured thin films Advanced Storage Electricity • Nanomaterials: High performance battery and supercapacitor systems Electricity Colloidal quantum dots, High dielectric oxides, core-shell semiconductors, nanostructured electrodes, nanowires and conductive polymers all contribute to efficiency of PV, thermoelectric, battery, and capacitor subsystems. Nanomaterials enable appropriate structures and geometries to achieve maximum results.

Nanotechnology for Efficient Harvesting of Solar Energy Current technologies need improvement in: • IR conversion • UV conversion QD with tunable absorption Nanophotonics solution: Photon Harvesting by IR absorbing QDs Facilitated Charge separation By conjugation to SWNT Enhanced charge collection by high mobility organics Quantum dots for harvesting IR photons Cho, Prasad et al. , Adv. Mater. 19, 232 (2007) Carrier multiplication by UV absorption in quantum dots ħωc Hot Exciton Biexciton S. J. Kim, P. N. Prasad et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 031107 (2008) The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Light Harvesting by Nature Vision Photosynthesis in plants Vitamin D Photosynthesis

Harnessing Light for Therapy Photodynamic Therapy Historical Milestones | 1000 BC India, China and Egypt use light to treat skin disease | 400 BC Greeks use Heliotherapy (whole body light exposure) | | | 1900 Hematoporphyrin discovered | | 1975 RPCI reports first cancer cure using PDT 1980 -1985 Laser technology advances PDT | 1993 Photofrin licensed as first photosensitizer for Basal cell cancer

Current Technologies in Harnessing Light for Healthcare Diagnostics Absorption Spectrometer Digital Finger Pulse Oximeter Light Negative Positive Pregnancy Test Flow Cytometry

UB-ILPB Biophotonics Research Program Biosensors Bioimaging Laser Tissue Engineering Harnessing Light for Healthcare: Biophotonics Optical Diagnostics Laser Tweezers and Scissors Optical Activation and Monitoring of Therapy

Unique properties at nanoscale Multimodality/ Multiplexibility NANOTECHNOLOGY: Impact on Health Care Targeted delivery The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics Controlled release www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Nanomedicine – New Era in Personalized Medicine In Vivo Diagnostics In Vitro Diagnostics NANOMEDICINE Applications Nanotherapeutics Theranostics: ‘see and treat’ drug/gene delivery The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Obesity Aging Genetic Disorders Current and Future Health Care Challenges Cancer The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics Infectious Diseases Addictions www. photonics. buffalo. edu

TORCH* Infections HIV, HPV, Hepatitis B Malaria Nanotechnologybased In Vitro Diagnostics Meningitis Tuberculosis Influenza (Swine Flu) Our approach: Quantum Dot Nanoprobes for protein detection using microbead capture with flow cytometry *TORCH: Toxoplasmosis, Other agents (eg. Chicken pox, human parvovirus), Rubella, Cytomegaloviruse, Herpes simplex virus or HIV Collaboration with Center for Disease Control, Atlanta

MRI Gd-doped Nanophosphor Optical In-Vivo Diagnostics Multimodal Nanoplatforms for Medical Imaging SPECT/CT 125 I labeled-ORMOSIL Gd-doped Nanophosphor PET 124 I labeled-ORMOSIL M. Nyk, P. N. Prasad et al, Nano Letters, 2008, 8(11): 3834; R. Kumar, P. N. Prasad et al. Avd. Func. Mater. (In Press, 2008) The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Chemotherapy Gene Therapy Pancreatic, Prostate cancer Head & Neck, Lung cancer With Anirban Maitra, M. D Johns Hopkins Univ. Medicine With Uttam Sinha, M. D. Univ. of Southern California Magnetic therapy Breast & Oral cancer Nanoclinic US patent No. 6, 514, 481 Cancer nanotechnology Targeted delivery ● Controlled release ● Multimodal therapy ● Real time monitoring Photodynamic therapy Neutron capture therapy Brain, prostate cancer Cervical, skin cancer With Ravi K Pandey, Ph. D. Roswell Park Cancer Institute The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics With Mc. Master Univ. www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Huntingtons Disease Generation of mouse model using gene insertion Chronic Pain Gene silencing of neuron signaling pathways involved in chronic pain Lung Injury Increase gene expression after injury to prevent secondary bacteria infection Gene Therapy using ORMOSIL and GNR Nanoparticles Obesity Asthma Modulation of energy intake using gene silencing Gene silencing of enzymes causing lung remodeling The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics Drug Addiction Gene silencing of signaling cascade involved in addiction process Infectious Disease Gene silencing to modulate primary influenza infection and secondary bacteria pneumonia Stroke Stimulation of neuron repair/replacement (neurogenesis) using gene upregulation www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Gene delivery using nanoparticles • Electrostatic gene condensation • Efficient cellular entry • Non-toxicity • High gene expression/silencing Gene Augmentation e. g. CFTR gene in Cystic Fibrosis The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics Nanoplex Gene Silencing e. g. Oncogene in Cancer www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Communication: • • Reconfigurable Photonic Crystals 3 D Plasmonic Guiding and Routing Network Processing: • Electro-optic Processing Using Supramolecular Structures and Nanocomposites • Electrically and Optically Switchable Photonic Crystals Nanotechnology For Information Storage: • 3 D Two-Photon Storage • Holographic Storage The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics Displays (Organic Displays: OLED, PLED) www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Rapid in-field and remote monitoring Nanostructured sensor and device platforms Nanotechnology for Environment Nanoparticle based capture platform The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics Nanoporous membrane technology for decontamination and purification www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Rapid in-field and remote detection Nanostructured sensor platforms Rapid dissemination of information Nanotechnology for Chem/Bio Defense Nanostructured capture and detoxification platform The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics Nanomedicine based rapid medical response www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Nanotechnology • A new Multidisciplinary Scientific Research Frontier • Ripe for Technological Innovation and Commercial Opportunities • Destined to create Immense Societal Impact The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www. photonics. buffalo. edu

Acknowledgements ØProf. A. Cartwright ØDr. K. Tramposch ØDr. E. J. Bergey ØDr. G. S. He ØDr. H. Pudavar ØDr. K. T. Yong ØDr. T. Ohulchanskyy ØDr. I. Roy ØDr. S. Kim ØMr. J. Qian ØDr. H. Ding ØDr. A. Kachynski ØDr. A. Kuzmin ØDr. A. Pliss ØDr. A. Bonoiu ØDr. D. Bharali ØDr. R. Kumar ØDr. S. Mahajan ØDr. J. W. Seo ØMr. S. J. Kim ØMr. S. S. Kim The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics Outside Collaborators ØProf. R. Pandey ØProf. A. Oseroff ØProf. M. Stachowiak ØProf. K. S. Lee ØProf. M. Samoc ØProf. P. Knight ØDr. P. Wallace ØDr. A. Maitra ØDr. S. Schwartz ØDr. U. Sinha ØDr. R. Masood AFSOR (Dr. Charles Lee) National Cancer Institute National Science Foundation AFRL (Dr. Augustine Urbas) OISHEI FOUNDATION www. photonics. buffalo. edu