INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES UNIVERSITY THEME OF LECTURE

INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES UNIVERSITY : THEME OF LECTURE #02 IRON AGES TRIBES. HUNNS, UISUNS AND KANGLES HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN Zulfiya A. Meldibekova candidate of Historical sciences

THE BRIEF CONTENT OF THE LECTURE Economy, social order and customs of Sacks tribes. Material inequality, appearance of individual property. Military democracy as a form of tribe’s organization. Correlations of Sacks with neighboring countries (Iran, China). Struggle with troops of Dari 1, Kiers and Greek’s invasions Territory of settling. Correlations with China, caravan’s trade and “The Great Silk Road”. Huns on the territory of Kazakhstan. Material and spiritual culture, belief, art of Sacks, Uisunes, Kangles

SACS

Economy of Sacks # Types 1 Nomadic cattle-breeding West Kazakhstan, Nomads during the part of Central Kazakhstan year: Kstau, zhailau, kokteu, kuzeu Semi-cattle-breeding Steppes of North Constant winter and Kazakhstan, Semirechie, summer’s settlings part Central Kazakhstan, Tian-Shan, Altai South Kazakhstan, Settling agriculture farming valley of Syr-darya, , Talas and Keles 2 3 The main regions Peculiarities

The name of early state union Sacs. Рarad araya Scy thia ns I-II th. B. C Sacs. Tigrih auda Sacs Hao territory north part of Black Sea eastern part of Aral-Sea Lower branches of Armuand Syr dariya Middle part of Syr -dariya, Tiyanshan and Zhetysu Along the rivers Amu- Social structure SACS Economy or occupation nomadic seminomadic private inequalit y Slavery Beginnin g of statehoo d settled cattlebreeding watering agri culture crafting Culture and art architectur e of settlement s. Handicraft s from bronze, iron. Golden and silvering decoration s. Earthenwa re dishes. Zveriny style. «Golden man» Religious belief Land, Sun, Fire are God. Beliefs to spirit of dead, reborn after the death Title of ruler Famous rulers Tsar capital Chiric. Rabat Tomiris Zarina

SACS

UISUNES The name of early state union Uisune s (Usun) III c B. C. – Vc A. D. Territory Social Economy structure or occupati on The branches of Chu & Talas-riv. till eastern part of Karatau, Nomadic seminomadic cattlebreeding settled watering agricultu re Vegetabl egardenin g. Gardeni ng. crafting Tannery pottery On easttill Tiyan Shian moun. , On north – from Balhash Cattlebreeders, farmers, slaves. The rich and the poor Society is estate: Noble & simple people Priests Culture and art Using of iron, gold, bronze, led Preciou s and semipreciou s stones Religious belief Title of ruler Cult of Gunmo ( ancestors, the great bek) Beliefs to reborn after the death. Belief to supernatu re forces, worship to Sun Famous rulers Capital Уцзюту, Бихуань чжи Kysyl Angar (Красная долина)

Uisuns, Kanguis, Huns

KANGUI The name of early state union Territory Social Economy structure or occupati on property Kangui and The social main inequalit place of y (kangars settleme , kangly, nt. Private hanha. middle property hangkha Syr. The first n) dariya signs of III c B. C. state till – V c A. D. Karatau Slavery Military chiefs, Council of Elders nomadic cattlebreeding Hunting Fishing Vegetabl egardenin g Gardeni ng Culture and art develope d art Song, kuis, dancing. Music instrume nts The main settleme nts, Trading. towns, Crafting. Jewelry Building. decorati ons Religious belief cult of ancestor s, Beliefs to reborn after the death. Belief to supernat ural forces, worship to natural forces , worship Title of ruler Famous rulers Capital Khan Bahtiyar , Naiby, Dashby Bityan (по другим источни кам г. Отрар)

Huns The name of early state union Territory Social Economy structure or occupati on Culture and art Religious belief Title of ruler Famous rulers Capital 24 tribes Huns classes society, (Syunnu, Gunnu) 204 B. C. . – 216 A. D. West of Pamir mountai ns till Balhashriver Transfor mation to statehood People’s Assembly Council of elders Unlimited power of nomadic cattlebreeding applied art using of Hunting iron, gold, Fishing silver Crafting Farming The dwelling is –jurt (юрта) Tongue (speech ) is Turkic language. Mode, Chjichji, cult of home Shanui (таникур т) Hulagu Attila, absence of the centre of ruling

HUNS Creation date IV-III cc. B. C. Geography West of Pamir mountains till Balhash-river Main cities Near the Kyrgyz Nur lake (Chjichji residence) Main activity Nomadic cattle-breeding. Main animals: horses, oxen, camels, sheep and goats. Other names Syunnu, Gunnu Type of state Nomadic type of life. Hunnu can be called as a military state too. Religion Hunnu was paganists. People, nations Proturk tribes with mongoloid faces. The population is 1, 5 mln. Of people. Language One of Altai language family brances. Society structure There were 4 supreme origins, the most noble is “Luan’di” only from which the Shanyuis could be elected. Hunnu had slavery. Hunnu fought together with Kangui against Uisuns but couldn’t succeed completely. Hunnu successfully fought against China, which them tribute, conquered Dunhu, part of Uisuns and Sayan. Altai tribes. Military successes State army Historical Literature Famous events, political history Whole army was 300 -400 th. men, “t’ma” – 10 th. horsemen. There were 24 heads of t’mas called “temniks”. The army consisted of center and two wings. “historical writings” by Chinese historian Sym Tsyan about Hunnu’s invasions and conquered lands. In 206 B. C. Mode made reforms for state enforcement. In 47 the state was divided into South and Northern parts. Chjichji tried to return the state unity, but pressed on Hunu and forced them to move through Tian-Shan to Kazakhstan. There they first contacted with Kangui tribe close. This was the first wave of great people’s migration. The second one started in I c. AD. , when Hunu again moved