INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE RED CROSS presentation Stolpakovoy Danieli 11

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE RED CROSS presentation Stolpakovoy Danieli, 11 class

History of creation The idea of international assistance to victims of war and natural disasters belongs to Henri Dunant (Henri Dunant), a Swiss businessman and humanist. In 1859, Dunant organized a group of volunteers to help victims of the bloody Battle of Solferino, June 24 (Northern Italy), which was attended by 160 thousand Franco-Italian soldiers and as many Austrian. As a result of the battle were killed or wounded 40, 000 people.

History of creation In February 1863 Geneva welfare society, a small charity that aims to help the sick and needy, has formed a committee of five persons to consider proposals Dunant.

History of creation In October 1863 Committee, which was part and Dunant, organized an international conference in Geneva. Representatives from 16 countries have established national charities. The Committee of Five was transformed into the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), whose task was to coordinate the activities of charitable groups.

History of creation The conference served as the impetus for the Swiss government organized a similar event in 1864, which laid down the principles of working with victims. August 24, 1864 by representatives of 12 countries signed the Convention on the advancement of the sick and wounded in the fighting armies. This agreement, also referred to as the Geneva Convention in 1864, guaranteed the neutrality of medical personnel and equipment, and officially adopted the Red Cross as an identification mark.

The first action Baptism of fire of the Red Cross has been in 1864, when assisted during the Danish. Prussian conflict over the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. On a larger scale, it launched its operations in:

-Franco-Prussian War of 18701871. , -Russian-Turkish war 1877. , -Serbo-Bulgarian War 1885. -Balkan Wars 1912‑ 1913.

In the Russian Red Cross Society was established in May 1867 under the name "Society for care of wounded and sick soldiers", in 1918 it was transformed into proletarian Red Cross, and in 1925 formed the Union of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR. Sokka and the successor to the Communist Party of the USSR in March 1992 is the Russian Red Cross. Russian

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The ICRC, the National Societies of countries and their International Federation, together constitute the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. International Movement QC and KP brings together more than 500 million people in 181 countries around the world. All components are independent institutions with their status. In situations of conflict, the ICRC takes the lead and directs the actions of their partners. Representation of the organization, where a total of more than 12, 000 working people, are located in nearly 80 countries.

The activities of all organizations of the Red Cross is based on the 7 fundamental principles: – humanity; – impartiality; – neutrality; – independence; – voluntary service; – unity of purpose; – versatility.

Emblem In October 1863 an international conference in Geneva was chosen as the emblem of a red cross on a white background (negative copy of the Swiss flag). The official emblem was approved by the Geneva Convention of 1864

In 1876, during the Russian. Turkish war of the Ottoman Empire refused to use the Red Cross emblem and replaced it with a red crescent. As the official emblem of the Red Crescent has been recognized in the Geneva Conventions of 1929.

The Geneva Conventions of 1949 mentions three emblems: the Red Cross, Red Crescent and Red Lion and Sun. Currently, the last emblem is not used as an emblem of national societies.

5 December 2005 entered into a formal appeal third official symbol of the movement. Along with the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement as an emblem now used religiously neutral image of a red diamond on a white background, known as the Red Crystal:

ICRC emblem are registered trademarks of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, therefore the use of these symbols other organizations is prohibited by international law.

Funding MKKK funded by voluntary donations, which make the state party to the Geneva Conventions (of the government), national Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, intergovernmental organizations (eg the European Commission), as well as public and private institutions.

To carry out its operations, the ICRC has at his disposal three thousand units of trucks and other vehicles, and 950 warehouses located in different countries. Furthermore, if necessary, it can use 15 planes, and 2 to 5 vessels. For his efforts the ICRC was three times awarded the Nobel Peace Prize - in 1917, 1944 and 1963.

The abuses in the use of the emblem Each state - member of the Geneva Conventions to take measures to prevent and suppress any time misuse of the emblem. In particular, it must adopt a law on the protection of the emblems of the red cross and red crescent. Any use of the logo, not authorized by the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols thereto, is abuse. The following are typical examples of such irregularities.

Imitation. The use of signs, which can be identified with the emblems of the red cross or red crescent (for example, because of the coincidence of color or configuration).

Misuse. The use of the emblems of the red cross or red crescent by unauthorized persons or institutions (commercial firms, nongovernmental organizations, pharmacies, individuals, physicians working in private practice, etc. );

Use of the logo by those who are entitled to it, but uses it for purposes inconsistent with the Fundamental Principles of the Movement (for example, during off-duty time, in order to minimize the formalities at border crossings).

The use of the emblems of the red cross or red crescent in time of war for the protection of armed combatants or military equipment (eg, transportation armedcombatants ambulances or helicopters, with the emblem on the board or set a flag with a red cross on a field of military depots) is considered a war crime.

Thus, if it were not for the organization of the "Red Cross", mankind lived would be much worse. It's good that there are still people who care about what is happening in the world.