Intercultural communication studies: the policy background межкультурная коммуникация общие знание
Development of intercultural communication развитие МК • Main growth in 1990’s. Основное развитие произошло 1990 • Demand from. Причина – Business. Бизнес – Government. Правительство – International organisations. Меж. народные организаций – Students. Студенты
Policy context for ICC Политика контекста МКК • Globalisation. Глобализация – Trade and industry. Торговля и индустрия – Mobility and travel. Мобильность и путешествие – Migration, diasporas. Миграция , эмигранты – Knowledge society. Знание общества – Strategic role of higher education. Роль высокого образования
European context. Европейский контекст • Economic integration. Экономическая интеграция • Single Market 1993. Единый рынок • Free movement of: свободное движение – Capital. Страна – Workers. Работники – Goods – Services. Услуги – (information, Ideas) информация идеи
European context. Европейский контекст • Political integration – Enlargement Расширение – Ever closer union сближение союза – Political cooperation политическое сотрудничество – Citizenship Гражданская позиция – Social inclusion соц. Присоединение
European context. Европейский контекст • Cultural integration культурная интеграция – Unity in diversity – Shared cultural heritage Общее наследство – Developing cultural cooperation – Convergence in Higher Education ; конвергенция высокомм образований
Language context. языковой Контекст • The problem of linguistic diversity проблема лингвистического разнообразия – Non-tariff barrier to mobility неограниченная мобилизация – Competitive disadvantage in knowledge economy – Конкурентные преимущества в экономике знаний – Mechanism of social exclusion механизм социального исключение – Cultural barrier to cooperation and mutual understanding
Language context. Языковой контекст • The solution of language education. Решение в языковом обучении If we are to derive more benefit from free movement within the single market, become more competitive in the knowledge economy and understand be more aware of each other within an enlarged EU, we Europeans must make an effort to learn languages. если мы хотим получить больше выгоды от свободного передвижения в рамках единого рынка стать более конкурентоспособными в экономике знаний и понять быть более сознающим друга в рамках расширенного ЕС, мы, европейцы, должны приложить усилия, чтобы изучать языки (Viviane Reding, European Commission, 2003) • The Barcelona objective: 1 + 2 – Mother tongue plus two other languages, Родной язык плюс 2 других языка
Language context • The challenge of multilingualism – High level of competence needed – Diversity exceeds capability – English as international language – Language is more than communication – Communication is more than language
The solution of intercultural communication education • Supplement to multilingual communication • Supplement to lack of multilingual communication • But there are issues…
Issues in intercultural communication • Cognitive response of research and development community: – Construct ICC from existing disciplines – No single discipline dominates – ‘Bricolage’ (Claude Levi-Strauss)
Issues in intercultural communication • Connected with different policy areas, including, for example: – Business – Immigration – Citizenship – Culture
Issues in intercultural communication • Business – ICC education for management of cultural diversity • Disciplines – Economics – Management theory – Psychology – Sociology – Area studies
Issues in intercultural communication • Immigration – ICC education for community development • Disciplines – Sociology – Social work studies – Anthropology, ethnology
Issues in intercultural communication • Citizenship – ICC education for civic responsibility and international understanding • Disciplines – Political science and political philosophy – Ethics – History – Geography
Issues in intercultural communication • Culture – ICC education for cultural diversity and enrichment • Disciplines – Literary and cultural studies – Creative and performing arts – History and archaeology – Language and linguistics – Communication studies – Critical theory
Issues in intercultural communication • Strengths and weaknesses of Bricolage – High level of adaptability – Difficulties of coherence – Pragmatic, solution-oriented – Limited cognitive power
Issues in intercultural communication • Disciplines offer many different theoretical approaches • Approaches may disregard or emphasise: – Language – Culture – Power – National identity
Issues in intercultural communication • Different theoretical approaches related to different countries or areas – European – American – Post-colonial • Issue of cultural domination • Issue of national identity • Binary oppositions
Third Space approaches to intercultural communication • The Third Space as an alternative – Homi Bhaba • Cultures are not unitary • Meaning requires a third space – Between the self and the other – Between the signifier and the signified
Third Space approaches to intercultural communication • Third space formed by: – General conditions of intelligibility • Structure of language, communication – Specific implication of utterance/action • Non-conscious strategy of performance, institution
Third Space approaches to intercultural communication • Constructing the Third Space – Pierre Bourdieu • Interactions are constructed – Within a social context of relationships • Which is a coherent field – By participants (agents) • Each has their own habitus
Third Space approaches to intercultural communication • Each interaction or set of interactions – Modifies the habitus of participants – Modifies the field • It may reinforce or transform existing relationships • It may create new relationships
Third Space approaches to intercultural communication • Third Space approaches are deeply ambivalent • Potentially radical or conservative – Acknowledge power relations • Unmasking or confirming – Strategies of resistance to domination • But also strategies of domination, and resitance to resistance
Third Space approaches to intercultural communication • Opportunities for creativity in communication – But also opportunities for further codification and regulation • Opportunities for criticial reflection – But may also be alternative to active engagement
Implications for language education • Disadvantages of Third Space approaches – Challenge existing approaches • National cultural perspectives • Target language pedagogies – Demand innovation from educators – Adds to disciplinary variety
Implications for language education • Advantages of Third Space approaches – Provide a theoretical framework with cognative power – Draw together (some) different disciplinary approaches – Attract researchers and educators from a range of backgrounds
Implications for language education • Improve academic recognition of ICC • Pose radical questions without imposing radical solutions • Potential for innovative solutions • Attractive to policy makers • Connect with a range of pedagogical strategies
Implications for language education • Pedagogy of the Third Space • Draws on existing work in language education – Common European Framework of Reference • Council of Europe – Concept of Intercultural communicative competence • Michael Byram and Geneviève Zarate
Implications for language education • Four dimensions of skill and knowledge: – – Being (savoir-être) - ability to understand deal with cultural differences without ethnocentricity; Learning (savoir-apprendre) - ability to learn how others live, think, feel and communicate; Knowing (savoirs) - knowledge of aspects of a culture, beliefs and reference points likely to be familiar to natives; Doing (savoir-faire) - ability to integrate the other three dimensions and interact successfully
Implications for language education • Intercultural being – Alison Phipps and Mike Gonzalez • • openness to the Other self-confidence more inclusive concept of personal identity willingness to see things in relative perspective
Implications for language education • Long-term aims – – Situate language learning in broader context Improve mutual understanding Promote respect for difference Develop capacity to enjoy diversity
Скачать презентацию Intercultural communication studies the policy background межкультурная коммуникация
2 interpret.pptx