Integrating Vegetables Into Maize Based-Farming Systems in Babati

Integrating Vegetables Into Maize Based-Farming Systems in Babati District, Tanzania 4 th Review & Planning Meeting @ Magochi, Malawi July 14 -16, 2015 Victor Afari-Sefa - AVRDC-ESA Inviolate Dominic. K – AVRDC-ESA Philipo Joseph- AVRDC - ESA Danny Coyne-IITA Ben Lukuyu- ILRI Leonard Marwa- ILRI

Synopsis § Introduction § Achievements on technology development during the 20152016 production season ØFlagship Technology ØEconomic Cost-benefit analysis of introduced technologies ØEnvironmental impact caused by use of technology ØTarget activities to mature the technology ØTools produced ØConclusion

Specific name Integration of vegetables into maize/legume based farming systems of Babati

eneric name Vegetable maize intercropping

Vegetable maize Intercropping

Vegetable, maize, legume, rotation

Technology introduced 1. Quality Seeds of Elite Varieties Year Introduced Tomato (Tengeru 2010) 2013 - 2015 Amaranths (Madiira 1) 2013 -2015 African Egg plant (Tengeru white) 2013 - 2015 Amaranths (Madiira 11) Tomato (Tanya) 2013 -2015 2014 -2015 Sweet pepper (Yolo wonder) 2014 -2015 Ethiopian mustard (Rungwe) Night shade (Nduruma 2014 -2015

Technology cont…. , 2. Healthy seedlings

3. Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) Items Practices 1. Nursery establishment Use of good quality seeds, healthy seedlings, soil, treatment , good management 2. Field and land Management (cultural practices) Timely planting base on cropping calendar, irrigation 3. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) (Physical, chemical and biological methods) 4. Crop production Follow recommended demo protocols 5. Crop protection Health seedlings, good quality seeds, fencing, minimal pesticide application 6. Postharvest handling practices Maturity index, Proper harvest, sorting and grading, packaging, storage and cooling, recipe preparation, preparations for marketing 7. Records Keeping track of what is happening on the farm

GAP- Practices • Manure application • IPM • Mulching • Proper spacing • Stalking • Irrigation

Use of empty water bottles for drip irrigation

Farmers use A. Marygold to control nematode

4. Vegetable –poultry integration § Use of vegetable and vegetable residues as poultry feed to reduce pre and post harvest loss § Poultry droppings as manure in integrated vegetable farming systems to enhance nutrient recycling

Poultry–house preparation in progress

5. Mobile vegetable garden Benefits § Perfect solution for those with limited land § Vegetables are easy to access for human consumption and poultry feed § Easy to manage § Plants get good air circulation, decreased potential for fungal diseases attack § Keeps produce off the ground, preventing rotten on the bottom or being chewed by mice or slugs § Encourage more women to engage in vegetable production and consumption

Pigeon pea residues for fencing mobile gardens and scavengers (poultry) Mobile garden at Matufa village farmers home

Our findings Profit margin variation btn treatments Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (expressed in % of the base-FSFPs ) africa-rising. net African Eggplant Treatment impact Tomato Amaranths Effect of HS+GAPs 130. 58 119. 45 109. 72 Effect of HS only 47. 98 29. 59 106. 66 Diff* 82. 60 89. 86 3. 05 * Effect of Good Agronomic Practices (GAPs) only

Economic: Production Increase § Production technologies involved the use of health seedlings and good agricultural practices (researched against farmers seedlings farmer practices) in growing tomato, African eggplant and Amaranth. The study shows that, tomato production increased by 49. 87%, eggplant production by 64. 37% and Amaranths by 34. 91% as follows ü Increased tomato production from 35. 6 t/ha (FS-FPs) to 58. 0 t/ha (HS-GAPs ü African eggplant production from 35. 9 t/ha (FS-FPs) to 69. 5 t/ha (HS-GAPs) ü Amaranth production from 51. 5 t/ha (FS-FPs) to 72. 2 t/ha (HS-GAPs) § The average price for each crop at the time of data collection in October 2014 was as shown Crops Av. Price (TZS)/kg Tomato 2, 171. 83 Amaranths 1, 296. 25 African eggplant 8, 49. 59

TOTAL QUANTITY PRODUCED IN T/HA 80 70 Total quantity produced in t/ha HS-GAPs 60 50 FS-FPs 40 30 20 10 0 Amaranths African eggplant Tomato Quantity consumed, quantity given as gifts and losses after harvest are included in the data, losses HS-FPs after harvest(caused by pest and diseases, bird eaters) were deducted

Economic: Undiscounted Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) § The undiscounted BCR was computed from the data collected whereby Tomato had BCR of 7. 7 for HS-GAPs, 6. 0 for FS-FPs; African eggplant had BCR of 3. 73 and Amaranths had BCR of 2. 43 each obtained from an area of 0. 0012 ha § The BCR greater than 1 shows that adopting the use of health seedlings (HS) developed from good quality elite seeds in combination with other GAPs make vegetables a more profitable farming business though contribution of GAPs is more evident by the profit margin variation between

Economic: Undiscounted Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) UNDISCOUNTED BCR Treatments N Tomato BCR AEP BCR Amaranths BCR HS-GAPs 16 7. 7 5. 2 3. 2 HS-FPs 16 7. 4 3. 9 2. 0 FS-FPs 16 6. 0 3. 8 1. 7 Total 48 7. 0 4. 3 2. 3 1. 7 1. 4 1. 5 Diff* (HSGAPs-FSFPs)

Economic: cont. . , § In addition, the results show the possibility of the family to generate for: § Tomato: An average income of US$ 59. 40 per 0. 0012 ha per season § African eggplant: An average income of US$ 21. 03 per 0. 0012 ha per season § Amaranths: An average income US$ 8. 30 per 0. 0012 ha per season

Environmental impact caused by use of technology Good quality seeds , Health seedling & GAP (+VE)) 1. Incidence of pest and diseases reduction 2. Reduce amount of artificial fertilizer application & pesticide 3. Recycling – poultry droppings as manure , water bottles for irrigation and local containers, mulch, crop residues for livestock feeds e. g. poultry ) 4. Postharvest handling practices Proper harvest, grading, cleaning, sorting, packaging and storage

Pest incidence on tomato q TREATMENTS q 1. Healthy seedlings, GAP q 2. Healthy seedlings farmer practice q 3. Farmer seedlings, farmer practice

Pest incidence on tomato

Target activities to mature the technology Capacity building through: ØTraining of extension agents and farmer trainers (Farming as a business, postharvest handling and processing, pest management and pesticide use) ØPractical training in demonstration plots stage by stage crop-wise

Target activities cont…. . . , ØSensitization meetings in AR project sites ØFacilitation and establishment of demonstration plots categorized best practices (HS/GAP) and normal practices ØJoint field visit (feedback and improvement) Ø Preparation of farmer friendly training materials (pamphlets, brochures, posters)

Target activities cont…. . . , § Assess the costs and returns of each promoted technology & data sharing Ø Compare results of new technologies with farmer standard practices § Graduation and provision of certificates § Scaling out technologies to neighboring community and other areas/ villages

Target activities cont…, ØAt least 300 additional farmers become aware of and are engaged in additional elite AVRDC vegetable variety evaluation for adaptation in target communities § Appropriate ICPM of vegetable pest and diseases developed to realize the opportunity for vegetables integrated into existing farming systems § At least 2 community seedling units established within two target project villages following initial mobilization, training and set-up.

Target activities cont…, § Market information and/linkages for farm households to access vegetables markets established § At least 1 best-bet technology for optimizing water harvesting and/or water use efficiency for vegetables identified for subsequent dissemination to beneficiary farmers

Target activities cont…, § At least 1 best-bet technology for enhanced optimal nutrient recycling of vegetable-poultry integration in the farming system conservation method for poultry feed and poultry dropping as organic manure of the project area identified and evaluated (in collaboration with livestock and feed research theme).

Target activities to cont…, § At least two M. Sc. studies on the (i) economic cost benefit analysis of best-bet technological packages, (ii) vegetable poultry integration, (iii) ICPM analysis and policy recommendations completed. § Effective technological dissemination approaches for increased demand creation and promotion of selected elite vegetable varieties and scaling-up for increased vegetable consumption within maize-based cropping systems evaluated.

Tools produced § Demonstration protocols for Tomato, A. Eggplant, Amaranths, S. pepper, E. mustard and Nightshade § Extension training materials and Farmer learning materials (pamphlets, brochures, posters hand outs with regard to GAP, postharvest handling technologies, farming as a business, vegetable preparation and consumption

Tools produced cont. . , § Vegetable crops integration production guide § Quality Seeds of Elite Varieties & Health seedlings § Demos as farmer schools § Recipe preparation guide § Monitoring and record keeping forms and farmer record book in local language

Tools produced cont. . , Vegetable - poultry integration § One scientific report and poster on preliminary survey produced § Location and set up of poultry structure for manure collection § Trained Extension agent & Farmers to facilitate technology adoption

Farmers using the guide during recipe preparation practical training

Extension agent are role models in technology adoption

Conclusion § Document good practice/technologies § Data sharing § Communicate research to stakeholders to make technology work § Gender integration ØCome up with strategies/technology to increase more female in project

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