Integrating Behavioral Health Care into the Navy Medical Home Port (Patient Centered Medical Home) Patricia C. Hasen, CDR, NC, USN Rocio Porras, LT, NC, USN Family Medicine Department Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort 1
Disclosure / Disclaimer LT Rocio Porras and CDR Patricia Hasen have nothing to disclose. The views and opinions expressed during this presentation do not necessarily reflect those of Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton, the Department of the Navy or the Department of Defense. 2 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Objectives 1. Define Behavioral Health and Health. 2. Verbalize the rationale for integrating Behavioral Health (BH) in the Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) 3. Discuss how integration of BH is in alignment and consistent with principles of the PCMH, the Quadruple Aim and the MHS. 4. Discuss the benefits of integrating BH in the PCMH. 5. Compare and contrast the three models of BH integration in the PCMH Describe how to build BH in your clinic. 6. Verbalize required elements for successful integration of behavioral health in an outpatient clinic setting. 7. Verbalize principles for leading and managing change 3 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Define Behavioral Health and Health BEHAVIORAL HEALTH • “is integral to overall health as mind and body are inseparable. As a general concept, behavioral health is the reciprocal relationship between human behavior and the well-being of the body, mind, and spirit, whether considered individually or as an integrated whole. ” (PCPCC, 2012) HEALTH • “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. ”(WHO, 1946) 4 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
“…she was a little startled by seeing the Cheshire Cat sitting on a bough of a tree a few yards off. . . ” ‘Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here? ’ ‘That depends a good deal on where you want to get to, ’ said the Cat. ‘I don’t much care where ’ said Alice. ‘Then it doesn’t matter which way you go, ’ said the Cat. ‘ so long as I getsomewhere, ’ Alice added as an explanation. ‘Oh, you’re sure to do that, ’ said the Cat, ’if you only walk long enough. ’ Cheshire Cat pictures (screencaps) from Disney's Alice I in Wonderland. Image Source Page: http: //www. alice in wonderland. net/pictures/cheshire cat pictures. html (Carroll, 1865) 5 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Strain of Past Decade of War U. S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Reece Lodder. Taken 19 April 2012. http: //www. flickr. com/photos/40927340@N 03/6963905442/ U. S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Alfred V. Lopez. Taken 22 April 2012. http: //www. flickr. com/photos/40927340@N 03/6963905682/ 6 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
A Military Readiness Concern U. S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Vanessa American Horse. Taken 2 April 2012. http: //www. flickr. com/photos/40927340@N 03/7044870495/ U. S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Mark Fayloga. Taken 19 Feb 2012. http: //www. flickr. com/photos/40927340@N 03/6776118198/ 7 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Whom We Serve Over 9. 6 Million Beneficiaries Program Enrollment • Beneficiaries by Category • – Active duty: 1. 7 million – Active duty family: 2. 4 million – Retirees: 1 million • – Retiree family: 1. 8 million • – Medicare eligible: 2. 1 million 5. 4 million TRICARE Prime o 3. 7 mil in direct care system o 1. 7 mil in contractor networks 2. 1 mil TRICARE Standard/Extra Others use TRICARE Reserve Select, TRICARE For Life Source: TMA, 2011. 8 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Rationale for Integrating Population Health • • • 30. 5% US adult population meets criteria for one or more mental health problems (estimated for a 1 year period) and only 32% of these receive treatment (Kessler, et. al. , 2005). 12 27% of US pediatric population meet behavioral health problem criteria (Simonian, 2006; Sakolsky & Birmaher, 2008) 11 17% of OEF/OIF combat veterans met BH screening criteria (Hoge, et. al. , 2004) 80% of BH problems in US youths are not identified or treated (Teen Screen, 2011) MH problems are 2 3 times more common in patients with chronic health problems (Katon, 2007; Dowrick, et al. , 2005) Half of all life time BH disorders start by age 14 (Teen. Screen, 2011) 9 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Rationale for Integrating Readiness • • • 52% of all BH treatment occurs in Primary Care (Kessler, et al. , 2005) 48% of all psychotropic drug visits occur in PC (Pincus, et al. , 1998) 80% with BH disorder visit Primary Care at least once a year (Narrow, et al. , 1993) 11 17% of OIF/OEF combat veterans met BH screening criteria; only 38 45% indicated an interest in receiving help; only 23 40% reported received professional help in the past (Hoge, et al. , 2004) 32% (average) of Military Health System beneficiaries report difficulties accessing BH care (HCSDB, 2008; TMA, 2009) 64% (average) of MHS beneficiaries report difficulties accessing urgent BH care (HCSDB, 2008; TMA, 2009) 10 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Rationale for Integrating Per Capita Costs • • • Mental health conditions 3 rd costliest medical condition (AHRQ, 2009) 33. 2% of adults being treated for BH concerns receive minimally adqequate care (Wang, et al. , 2005) 30 50% of referrals from PC to outpatient BH clinic don’t make 1 st appt (Fisher & Ransom, 1997; Hoge, et al. , 2006) 84% of the time, the 14 most common physical complaints have no identifiable organic etiology (Kroenke & Mangelsdorf, 1989) 40% of premature deaths in the US are from behavioral factors (Kindig & Mc. Ginnis, 2007) Lower costs – medical use decreased 15. 7% for those receiving BH treatment and increased 12. 3% for controls who did not receive BH treatment (Chiles, Lambert & Hatch, 1999) 11 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Rationale for Integrating Source: MHS 2012 Stakeholder’s Report http: //mhs. osd. mil/About_MHS/Stakeholders. Re port. aspx 12 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Determinants of Health Source: MHS 2012 Stakeholder’s Report http: //mhs. osd. mil/About_MHS/Stakeholders. Re port. aspx The actual causes of illness and death in the United States often relate to personal behaviors that the health care system fails to address. To achieve our transformation from healthcare to health, we will have to learn better ways to help people adopt a healthier lifestyle. In the near term, we will focus on ways to reduce obesity and reduce tobacco use. 13 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Rationale for Integrating Experience of Care • • • Better access to BH services Stigma free BH access Better health outcomes Improved satisfaction Ongoing education to Medical Home teams and residents 14 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Rationale for Integrating Current military environment – – – – Stigma Family Readiness affects Military Readiness Strain of past decade of war Lack of BH capacity in MTF for Family members Lack of community capacity for Family members Lack of providers who accept TRICARE Cultural gap between military and civilian providers 15 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Summary of Rationale for Integrating • BH problems are common • Complex inter relationship between physical and psycho social symptoms • PC is largest platform for health care delivery in the US • PC is the defacto BH treatment platform • BH problems often go unrecognized in PC • When recognized, treatment is often suboptimal • BH problems compromise the quality and outcomes of treatment for physical health conditions • The leading preventable cause of premature death is behavior • Appropriate BH treatment can alleviate impediments to well being • BH treatment can assist in building resiliency and maintaining military readiness 16 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Benefits of Integration When BH is integrated in the PCMH: • Less stigma patients prefer to be seen at PCMH rather than specialty clinic • Better coordination shorter wait times and better communication • Reduce morbidity with early recognition and treatment • Serve all patients opportunity for prevention • Integration of physical and emotional care • Integrate screening and brief psychosocial update into visit improved screening, recognition, identification, early intervention, treatment, monitoring • Conduct an assessment alone or collaboratively • Overcome barriers to seeking mental health care • Skills to build resilience, promote healthy lifestyles • Improves Military Readiness 17 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Illustration in PC Morning Clinic 56 yo diabetic with poor control 19 yo smoker for P. E. 33 yo with multiple somatic complaints 7 yo for earache 67 yo w/insomnia 70 yo w/sinusitis 52 yo hypertensive patient for f/u 45 yo w/tinnitus 38 yo w/acute asthma 29 yo w/chest pain & SOB Source: Blount, http: //www. massleague. org/Calendar/League. Events/Behavioral. Health. Conference/Blount Integrated. Primary. Care. Stories. pdf AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort 18
Example with Highlighted Mental Health Needs • • • 56 yo diabetic with poor control 19 yo smoker for P. E. 33 yo w/ multiple somatic complaints 7 yo for earache 67 yo w/insomnia 70 yo w/sinusitis 52 yo hypertensive patient for f/u 45 yo w/tinnitus 38 yo w/acute asthma 29 yo w/chest pain & SOB • Old Dx BPD • Depression • Alcohol abuse • Panic disorder Source: Blount, http: //www. massleague. org/Calendar/League. Events/Behavioral. Health. Conference/Blount Integrated. Primary. Care. Stories. pdf AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort 19
Example with Highlighted Psychosocial Distress • 56 yo diabetic with poor control • 19 yo smoker for P. E. • 33 yo with multiple somatic complaints • 7 yo for earache • 67 yo w/insomnia • 70 yo w/sinusitis • 52 yo hypertensive patient for f/u • 45 yo w/tinnitus • 38 yo w/acute asthma • 29 yo w/chest pain & SOB • Anxious (Old Dx BPD ) • (Depression) • Bedwetting • (Alcohol abuse) • Family violence • Hypochondriasis • (Panic disorder) Source: Blount, http: //www. massleague. org/Calendar/League. Events/Behavioral. Health. Conference/Blount Integrated. Primary. Care. Stories. pdf AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort 20
Example with Highlighted Behavioral Health Needs • 56 yo diabetic with poor control • 19 yo smoker for P. E. • 33 yo with multiple somatic complaints • 7 yo for earache • 67 yo w/insomnia • 70 yo w/sinusitis • 52 yo hypertensive patient for f/u • 45 yo w/tinnitus • 38 yo w/acute asthma • 29 yo w/chest pain & SOB • Smoking/weight loss (Anxious; Old Dx BPD ) • Smoking cessation • (Depression) • • (Bedwetting ) (Alcohol abuse) (Family violence ) Cardiac risk factors (Hypochondriasis) Medication compliance (Panic disorder) Source: Blount, http: //www. massleague. org/Calendar/League. Events/Behavioral. Health. Conference/Blount Integrated. Primary. Care. Stories. pdf AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort 21
Integration is Consistent with Joint Principles of the PCMH – Personal Physician – Physician directed Medical Practice – Whole Person Orientation – Care is Coordinated and/or Integrated – Quality and Safety – Enhanced Access – Payment Reform 22 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Integration is Consistent with the Quadruple Aim • • Readiness – Pre- and Post-deployment – Family Health – Behavioral Health – Professional Competency/Currency – Delivering the Right Care at the Right Time Population Health – Healthy service members, families, and retirees – Quality health care outcomes – Prevalence of BH conditions in PC A Positive Patient & Staff Experience – Patient and Family centered Care, Access, Satisfaction Cost – Responsibly Managed – Focused on value – Cost of unmet needs; decreased costs when address BH needs 23 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Integration is Consistent with the MHS Mission • Provide optimal health services in support of our nation’s military mission— anytime, anywhere. • Do. D Mission To provide the military forces needed to deter war and to protect the security of our country. Source: MHS. http: //www. health. mil/About_MHS/Organizations/MHS_Offices_and_Programs/ Office. Of. Strategy. Management. aspx 24 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
3 Models of Integration 1. Care Management Model 2. Primary Care Behavioral Health Model 3. Blended Model 25 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Care Management Model • Population based model of care typically focused on a discrete clinical problem (e. g. , depression). • It incorporates specific pathways to systematically address how BH problems are managed in PC. • PC providers & care managers share information via direct communication, shared medical record, treatment plan, and standard of care. • Typically, there is some form of systematic interface with the outpatient mental health 26 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Primary Care Behavioral Health Model • Population based model of focused on all enrolled patients (e. g. , depression, anxiety, substance use, stress, obesity, diabetes, insomnia, chronic pain) • BHC is embedded with PC team serving as a team member in the assessment, intervention & health care of the patient • BHCs & PCMs share patient information, medical record & coordinate health care plans • Brings a team based management approach to care • BHC helps PC team improve BH assessment & intervention • BHC sees patients in 15 30 minute appointments in PC clinic • Same day as well as scheduled appointment availability • BHC focuses on full range of BH & health behavior change 27 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Blended Model • Focused on all enrolled patients • Care Manager and Embedded BHP o Continuity of Care o Stepped Care o Access to all enrollees to BHC in the PCMH o Clinical Feasibility and Efficiency o Implements Do. D/VA guidelines 28 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Re-Engineering Healthcare Integration Programs (REHIP) From: REHIP https: //www. pdhealth. mil/education/2011_Presentations/AFPCH%2011%20 Re Engineering%20 Healthcare. pdf 29 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Blended Model From: REHIP https: //www. pdhealth. mil/education/2011_Presentations/AFPCH%2011%20 Re Engineering%20 Healthcare. pdf 30 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Building BH into Your Clinic • • Educate yourself – read your instructions, support documents Educate your staff Staffing ratios Facilities – patients seen in the exam room; common check in areas; BH providers imbedded into the PCMH; can share office spaces with other providers • Administrative support – Templates, business operations, position descriptions, 4 th level MEPRS, coding, POM, documentation – Ancillary support staff support – Handling referrals – Referrals to MH 31 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Building BH into Your Clinic • Training primary care providers and staff in prevention, recognition, management, and referral of adult and pediatric patients with social and emotional concerns is essential to fully integrating Behavioral Health into Primary Care • Required skills of the Behavioral Health providers • Training program – Phased training program through BUMED by qualified trainers – Didactic and practicum – Phase I – self guided, didactic – Phase II – Didactic, In Vivo, Feedback (San Antonio, July 2012) – Phase III – (6 mo following Phase II), Sustainment training, site visits • Monthly teleconferences with other BH personnel 32 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Principles for Leading & Managing Change • Leading and managing change – Involve the stakeholders – that is the entire staff – in who, what, where, when of integration, accessing BH, utilizing BH – Communicate, communicate – early and often – Delineate roles – Set up business plan – templates, coding, referral management, appointing, develop patient registry – Care Coordination – Celebrate victories • Lessons learned • Outcomes/Metrics/Dissemination 33 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
8 -Step Process for Leading Change 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Create urgency Form a powerful coalition Create a vision for change Communicate the vision Remove obstacles Create short term wins Build on the change Anchor the changes in corporate culture Source: Kotter, J. (1996). Leading Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. 34 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
References AHRQ. (2009). Heart Conditions, Cancer, Trauma related Disorders, Mental disorders, and Asthma Were the Five Most Costly Conditions in 1996 and 2006. AHRQ News and Numbers, August 5, 2009. Blount, A. (unk). What Does a Behavioral Health Clinician Add in a Primary Care Practice? : A Set of Stories. Available at http: //www. massleague. org/Calendar/League. Events/Behavioral. Health. Conference/Blount Integrated. Primary. Care. Stories. pdf Carroll, L. (1865) Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. London: Macmillan and Company. Available at http: //www. readcentral. com/chapters/Lewis Carroll/Alices Adventures in Wonderland/003 Chiles, J. , Lambert, M. , & Hatch, A. (1999). The impact of psychological interventions on medical cost offset: A meta analytic review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, Vol. , 6, pp. 204 220. Croghan, T. W. and Brown, J. D. (2010) Integrating Mental Health Treatment Into the Patient Centered Medical Home. (Prepared by Mathematica Policy Research under Contract No. HHSA 290200900019 I TO 2. ) AHRQ Publication No. 10 0084 EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available at http: //pcmh. ahrq. gov/portal/server. pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_12547_955657_0_0_18/Integrating%20 Ment al%20 Health%20 and%20 Substance%20 Use%20 Treatment%20 in%20 the%20 PCMH. pdf Dowrick, C. , Katona, C. , Peveler, R. , and Lloyed, H. (2005) Somatic Symptoms and Depression: Diagnostic Confusion and Clinical Neglect. British Journal of General Practice, pp. 829 830. Available at http: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC 1570790/pdf/bjpg 55 829. pdf Fisher, L. , & Ransom, D. (1997). Developing a strategy for managing behavioral health care within the context of primary care. Archives of Family Medicine, Vol. 6, Issue 4, pp. 324 333. 35 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
References HCSDB. (2008). MHS Beneficiaries’ Access to Behavioral Health Care Issue Brief, Health Care Survey of Do. D Beneficiaries (HCSDB), July 2008. Available at http: //www. tricare. mil/survey/hcsurvey/issue briefs/issuebrief. Q 4 FY 08. pdf Hoge, C. , Auchterlonie, J. , and Miliken, C. (2006). Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 295, Issue 9, pp. 1023 1032. Available at http: //jama. ama assn. org/content/295/9/1023. full. pdf+html Hoge, C. , Castro, C. , Messer, S. , Mc. Gurk, D. , Cotting, D. and Koffman, R. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 351, pp. 13 22. Available at http: //www. nejm. org/doi/full/10. 1056/NEJMoa 040603 Katon, W. , Lin, E. , and Kroenke, K. (2007) The Association of Depression and Anxiety with Medical Symptom Burden in Patients with Chronic Medical Illness. General Hospital Psychiatry Vol 29, Issue 2, pp. 147 155. Kessler, R. , Demler, O. , Frank, R. , Olfson, M. , Pincus, H. , Walter, E. , Wang, P. , Wells, K. , Zaslavsky, A. (2005) Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders, 1990 to 2003. New England Journal of Medicine. Vol 352, No 24, pp. 2515 23. Available at http: //www. nejm. org/doi/pdf/10. 1056/NEJMsa 043266 Kotter, J. (1996). Leading Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Kroenke, K. & Mangelsdorff, D. (1989). Common symptoms in ambulatory care: Incidence, evaluation, therapy and outcome. American Journal of Medicine. Vol. 86, pp 262– 266. 36 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
References Kindig, D. & Mc. Ginnis, J. (2007). Determinants of U. S. population health: Translating research into future policies. Altarum Policy Roundtable Report. 28 Nov 2007; Washington, D. C. Available at http: //www. altarum. org/files/pub_resources/07_28 Nov_Roundtable_Determinants_of_Health RTR. pdf Narrow, W. E. , Regier, D. A. , Rae, D. S. , Manderscheid, R. W. , Locke, B. Z. (1993) Use of Services by Persons with Mental and Addictive Disorders: Findings from the National Institutes of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol 50, pp. 5 107. PC PCC. (2012) Behavioral Health Defined. Available at http: //www. pcpcc. net/behavioral health. Pincus, H. A. , Tanielian, M. A. , Marcus, S. C. , Olfson, M. , Zarin, D. A. , Thompson, J. , & Zito, J. M. (1998) Prescribing Trends in Psychotropic Medications: Primary Care, Psychiatry, and Other Medical Specialties. The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol 279, Issue 7, pp. 526 531. Available at http: //jama. ama assn. org/content/279/7/526. full. pdf+html TMA. (2009). Health Care Survey of Do. D Beneficiaries 2009 Annual Report. Sept 2009. Available at http: //www. tricare. mil/survey/hcsurvey/downloads/hcsdb 20090910. pdf TMA. (2011) The Evaluation of the TRICARE Program: Fiscal Year 2011 Report to Congress. Available at http: //www. tricare. mil/tma/Studies. Eval. aspx Sarkolsky, D. , & Birmaher, B. (2008) Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: Management in Primary Care. Current Opinion In Pediatrics, Vol 20, pp. 538 543. 37 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
References Simonian, S. J. (2006). Screening and Identification in Pediatric Primary Care. Behavior Modification. Vol 30, pp. 114 131. Teen. Screen. (2011) Teen. Screen Primary Care Fact Sheet: Research Supporting the Integration of Mental Health Checkups Into Adolescent Health Care. National Center for Mental Health Checkups at Columbia University. Available at http: //www. teenscreen. org/images/stories/PDF/TS_PC_Fact. Sheet_1. 18. 11. pdf Wang , P. , Berglund, P. , Olfson , M. , Pincus, H. , Wells, K. and Kessler, R. (2005). Failure and Delay in Initial Treatment Contact after First Onset of Mental Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol 62, pp. 603 13. Available at http: //archpsyc. ama assn. org/cgi/reprint/62/6/603 Wang, P. , Lane, M. , Olfson, M. , Pincus, H. , Wells, K. and Kessler, R. ( 2005) Twelve Month Use of Mental Health Services in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol 62, pp. 629 640. Available at http: //archpsyc. ama assn. org/cgi/reprint/62/6/629. pdf WHO. (1946) Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19 22 June, 1946. 38 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
Questions & Comments CDR Patricia C. Hasen, NC, USN patricia. hasen@med. navy. mil dgflightnurse@hotmail. com 760 908 9568 LT Rocio Porras, NC, USN rocio. porras@med. navy. mil 760 725 0952 39 AAACN Tri-Service Military Pre-Conference 1 May 2012, Walt Disney World Resort
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