Instructors: David Rosenberg and Steve Burian Structural and Non-Structural Approaches to Water Supply
Learning Objectives • List potential structural and nonstructural measures at household, city, and national scales • Outline an integrated approach to identify promising measures • Determine and compare effectiveness of potential measures in Amman, Jordan • Propose institutional arrangements to initiate and implement measures 2
Integrated Management and Modeling for Amman, Jordan 3
Jordan Water Overview 100 mm/yr 0 500 900 50 100 km Irbid Zarka Amman • 5+ mill. people Israel / Palestine • 1, 000 Mm 3/yr consumption Jordan • 850 Mm 3/yr supplies Ma’an IRAN PAL. Aqaba EGYPT SAUDI ARABIA Red Sea • Severe groundwater overdraft 4
Major projects 1. Amman 2. Unity Dam 6. Disi Aquifer 3. King Abdullah Canal 4. Zara Ma’een 5. Aqaba (Red-Dead) 5
National Water Budget Rate Structure and Water Use • 5 to 6 million people – Growing at 2 to 3% per year – 2. 2 mill. in Amman • Current Uses – 75%, 20%, and 5% split by Agric. , Munic. , and Indust. – Per capita municipal consumption of 100 l/pers/day Below: WAS model interface • Municipal water available for 12 to 60 hours/week 6
23 potential city-level actions
Activity #1. What structural and nonstructural actions should you consider for your semester project? • Break into project teams • Open the Google Sheet • Make a copy of the Master sheet and enter answers for your group 8
Integrated approach 1. Enumerate a wide range of actions 2. Characterize each potential action 3. Describe interdependencies 4. Identify events and probabilities that the system must adapt to deliver water, and Suggest cost-minimizing action mix 5. – Enhance supplies, manage demands – Long- and short-term – Financial and/or perceived cost – Effective water quantity added or conserved – Demand hardening – Supply enhancement – Mutual exclusivity – Probabilistic economic-engineering optimization 9
Activity #2. What long term actions should Amman, Jordan implement? • Interpret the optimal and near-optimal results on the next slide • Again break into project teams • Open the Google Sheet • Identify New Supply and Conservation actions the utility should: – Definitely implement – Implement at some level – Never implement 10
Supply-conservation configurations within 15% of least cost solution for 2020
Supply curve for increasing water availability 12
City-scale results • Modeling integrates multiple supply and conservation options with explicit uncertainties. • Conservation plays growing role over time. • Delayed need for mega-supply projects like pumping the Disi Aquifer. Red-Dead Canal not needed. 13
Potential National Actions • Supplies – – – Seawater desalination Wastewater reuse Source use Inter-district transfers Sector reallocations Infrastructure expansions Top: Alternatives to bananas? Middle: King Abdullah Canal • Conservation – – – Leak reduction Limit import of waterwasting appliances Targeted retrofits with water-efficient appliances Bottom: Zara-Ma’een pipes near the Dead Sea 14
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Activity #3. Identify Action Linkages 16
Conclusions 1. Planning often requires a mix of structural and non-structural approaches – New supply and conservation – Short- and long-term 2. Consider local, utility, and regional scales 3. Pay attention to who initiates and who implements 4. Modeling can help identify the action mix (portfolio) 17
References Rosenberg, D. E. (2009). "Integrated Water Resources Management and Modeling at Multiple Spatial Scales in Jordan. " Water Policy. 11(5), 615 -628. doi: 10. 2166/wp. 2009. 064. http: //www. iwaponline. com/wp/01105/wp 011050615. htm. Rosenberg, D. E. , and Lund, J. R. (2009). "Modeling integrated water utility decisions with recourse and uncertainties. “ . Water Resources Management, 23(1), 85 -115 http: //www. springerlink. com/content/k 7 h 71596 u 3065104/ 18
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