Instructions for employees in chemical laboratories Dipl -Ing

Instructions for employees in chemical laboratories Dipl. -Ing. (FH) Martina Hefner, Stabsstelle Sicherheitsingenieur 01. 07. 2016 1

Employee's obligations In terms of occupational safety, all employees have certain obligations 2

Employee's obligations • To correct or resolve defects to • Facilities, e. g. a trip hazard from faulty flooring, • Materials, e. g. defective electric cables, • Faulty work procedures or processes. • If you cannot correct or resolve the defect, you must report it to your superior. 3

First aid Everyone must provide first aid! You need to know the following: ü Who is the first aider in my department? ü Where are the first aid kits? ü Where is the first aid log book? ü Where is the nearest telephone? ü The emergency number is: 0 -112 Read Kiel University's emergency brochure! You will find all the important information there Become a first aider. 4

First aid Enter every injury and the measures taken in the first aid log book. Report accidents and injuries to your superior immediately. If an accident causes someone to be unable to work for more than three days, he/she must fill out an accident report Check the first aid kits regularly to make sure that nothing is missing and that the contents have not expired. 5

Fires start when a flammable substance, oxygen and a source of ignition all come together. So make sure you: ü safely store flammable substances, e. g. cleaning agents. ü do not smoke. ü do not use open flames such as candles or tea lights. ü dispose of empty boxes and packaging materials. 6

Fire protection How to act when there is a fire: 1. Keep calm 2. Report the fire: Emergency number: 0 -112 3. Save yourself − Warn others − Take helpless people with you − Close doors and windows to the area on fire − Follow the marked escape routes − Do not use the lift − Go to the assembly point If the fire is only small: try to put it out. People are more important than objects! 7

Fire protection These points may save your life: ü ü ü ü Do not block fire doors or wedge them open. Look at the escape and rescue plans. Learn the escape routes. Keep escape and rescue routes clear at all times. Learn where the fire extinguishers are located. Do not block or cover up fire extinguishers. Practise how to use a fire extinguisher. In the event of a fire, do not use the lifts. Read Kiel University‘s emergency brochure! www. uni-kiel. de/fm/de/a-b-g/arbeitsschutz-und-erstehilfe/dateien-arbeitsschutz/notfallbroschuere-englisch You will find all the important information there. Take part in a fire safety drill. 8

Fire You should recognise these signs: Fire extinguisher Emergency exit to the left Fire alarm Assembly point Emergency exit with arrow showing direction Emergency escape hatch 9

Escape and rescue plan 10

Electrical equipment and devices Only use verified electrical equipment. Defective electrical wiring, sockets, switches or equipment may only be repaired or altered by a qualified electrician. If a piece of electrical equipment is defective, do not use it any more. Report defective electrical equipment to the Facility Management, tel. : -2290! 11

Ladders and stepladders Please don‘t climb on tables or chairs, they are not suited for this purpose. Use ladders correctly. Before use, ladders and stepladders must be checked for defects. 12

Hazardous substances 13

There is a lot to consider when handling and storing hazardous substances in order to not end up with dangerous situations. A few things went “wrong” here: • Since the containers are not labeled, nobody knows what is in the containers. • Apparently these were the wrong containers for the storage of this hazardous substance. • Since the containers were not inspected regularly in the warehouse, the content was able to spread. 14

What are hazardous? Hazardous substances are substances, preparations or mixtures with the following properties: • • explosive flammable highly flammable, highly inflammable, flammable very poisonous, poisonous harmful corrosive, irritating, sensitizing carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction environmentally dangerous Hazardous substances may arise during activities, e. g. • Dust while grinding plants 15

If hazardous substances are used, a hazardous substance directory (see also § 6 paragraph 10 Gef. Stoff. V [Ordinance on Hazardous Substances]) must be created. The directory must contain at least the following information: • Name of the hazardous substance, • Classification of the hazardous substance or information about the hazardous properties, • Information about the quantities used, • Identification of the work areas in which employees may be exposed to the hazardous substance. In orde to clear up if hazardous substances may be stores together, the specification of the storage classes and the affiliated storage quantities makes sense. 16

CLP-Order Classification, identification and packaging of substances and mixtures (Regulation on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures”, in short CLP) The CLP order determines, among other things: • according to which criteria substances and mixtures are to be classified, • how substances and mixtures classified as hazardous should be packaged and labeled and • for which mixtures separate labels are required. To be classified and labeled according to CLP are • substances since 12/01/2010 • mixtures since 06/01/2015. There may only be one identification on the label - either according to previous or new laws. 17

How do I regognize hazardous GHS Global harmonized system of classification and Labeling of hazardous substances (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling) 18

“Skull and crossbones” Ø Life-threatening substances Ø Poisonous substances Exclamation point: Ø Harmfull substances Ø Irritating substances Ø Substances that may cause allergic skin Ø reactions Ø Substances that may cause drowsiness and dizziness Ø Substances that harm the ozone layer 19

„Health hazard“ Substances that Ø may damage or harm organs Ø may cause allergies when inhaled Ø may be fatal if swallowed and entering the respiratory tract Ø may cause cancer Ø may cause genetic mutations Ø may impair fertility Ø may cause harm to an unborn child 20

“Caustic effect” Ø Skin corrosive substances Ø Substances that cause severe eye damage Ø Substances corrosive to metals “Flame” Ø Flammable substances Ø Organic peroxides Ø Pyrophoric, self-reactive and self-heating substances Ø Substances that develop flammable gases when in contact with water 21

Further hazard pictograms Ø Explosive substances Ø Substances hazardous to the aquatic environment Ø Gases under pressure Ø Oxidizing substances Ø Substances that may cause or strengthen a fire 22

Identification of hazardous When you buy hazardous substances from manufacturers, there will be complete label on the container: Ø Ø Ø Name of the substance/mixture Hazard pictogram Signal word (”hazard” or “attention”) Hazard statements (H-sentences) Precautionary statements (P-Sätze) More information, like the product name, supplier, etc. 23

Complete label Hazard pictogram Product name Hazard statement (H-sentences) Diethylzinc EC-Nr. : 209 -161 -3; EC-name 500 g CAS: 557 -20 -0 Inflames itself when in contact with air. When in contact with air, flammable gases are created that may spontaneously ignite. Causes severe skin burns and severe eye damage. Very poisonous for water organisms with a long-term effect. Violent reaction with water. Keep away from heat / sparks / open flame / hot surfaces. Do not smoke. Avoid release in the environment. Wear protective gloves / protective clothing / eye protection / face protection. IN CASE OF CONTACT WITH EYES: Flush eyes carefully with water for a few minutes. In the event of exposure or discomfort: Immediately call the POISON INFORMATION CENTER or doctor. Only for commercial users! Signal word Distributing Company Cip code, City Telefonenumber for accidents hazard Supplier Precautionary Statements (P-sentences) 24

Identification in laboratories For reagent bottles in laboratories, a simplified system of identification is possible consisting of a pictogram-phrase combination. Name of the hazardous substance H-sentences Signal word Label all containers in which there are hazardous substances. 25

Identification in laboratories What you should consider when labeling your hazardous substances: • It is not possible to simply replace the old label with the new one if information from the supplier is missing or there is new knowledge about the hazards. • A new label is required if the original label is no longer legible or must be updated due to new safety-relevant information about the container. • The label on an empty package must be kept on until it has been cleaned. • Stickers that have lost their validity must be removed or made void. 26

Safety data sheets and operating instructions You can find extensive information about hazardous substances in the material safety data sheets. Every manufacturer or distributing company of a hazardous substance is obligated to provide you with a material safety data sheet. The information in the material safety data sheets form the basis for the creation of operating instructions. 27

Safety data sheets • SECTION 1: Identification of the substance or the mixture and the company • SECTION 2: Possible hazards • SECTION 3: Composition/information about components • SECTION 4: First aid measures • SECTION 5: Measures to fight fires • SECTION 6: Measures in the event of accidental release • SECTION 7: Handling and storage • SECTION 8: Limiting and monitoring exposure/personal protective equipment • SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties • SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity • SECTION 11: Toxicological information • SECTION 12: Environment-related information • SECTION 13: Notes on disposal • SECTION 14: Information about transportation • SECTION 15: Legal guidelines • SECTION 16: Miscellaneous information 28

Operating instructions Operating instruction = binding instruction. Identification and location of the source of hazard Type and properties of the source of hazard Special measures to protect against hazards Behavior rules in the event of an accident or case of emergency General and special measures of first aid after an accident Proper disposal 29

Safekeeping and storage of hazardous substances Quelle: BG RCI “Hazardous substances must be stored so that they do not pose a threat to human health and the environment. ” 30

Storage of hazardous Hazards may result through the: • • • Properties or aggregate states of the stored hazardous substances, Quantity of the stored substances, Type of storage, Activities during storage, refilling or unloading work, Shared storage of hazardous substances, Work and environmental conditions, in particular the construction of the storage, room size, climatic circumstances, external influences, storage duration. 31

Storage of hazardous A few examples for hazards: • Health impairment through inhalation of released vapors, • • Death through poisonous or suffocating gases, Skin burn through contact with externally contaminated containers, Fires through spontaneously inflammable hazardous substances, Explosions through released, liquid hazardous substances or dusts if there is an explosive atmosphere and an igniting spark. 32

Storage of hazardous • Guarantee regular cleaning of the storage, pay attention to order and cleanliness, • Examine the containers and packages for damage regularly, at least once a year, • Do not store hazardous substances in containers that may be mistaken for food due to their form or the label of the content, • Store containers with liquid hazardous substances in collection trays, Source: BG RCI • Use conductive, grounded containers, • Make sure that an explosive atmosphere is not created (technical or natural ventilation), • Avoid sources of ignition. The storage of hazardous substances in portable containers is regulated in the technical regulations for handling hazardous substances (TRGS 510). 33

Gases 34

Compressed gas cylinder 35

Compressed gas cylinder Contact with pressurized gas cylinders If pressurized gas cylinders are treated improperly, there is an increased risk of fire, explosion and accident. What must be considered: • Do not throw, hit or roll pressurized gas cylinders. • Protect pressurized gas cylinders against heat. • Only store and transport cylinders with screwed on valve protection caps. • Screw on the valve protection cap after emptying the gas cylinder. • Secure cylinders against position changes during transportation. • Secure cylinders against falling down at the workplace. 36

Cryogenic • In closed rooms without adequate ventilation, cryogenic gases may lead to suffocation, because they displace the oxygen. • These gases cannot be perceived by the human senses. They are inhaled normally as if they were normal air. • Contact with liquid nitrogen or helium causes freezing and severe eye damage. • In the event of an accidental release of cryogenic gases, there is a risk of it entering the sewage system, basements, work pits or other places where a collection could be dangerous. • The effect of fire and heat may cause a bursting/explosion of the container! 37

Cryogenic Protective measures and behavior rules • Liquid nitrogen or liquid helium may not be exposed to air, because the atmospheric oxygen will then condense. • Liquid, cryogenic gases may not come into contact with unprotected body parts, because they may cause severe burns! • Wear appropriate protective clothing, gloves, and safety goggles! • Ventilate the rooms in which there is a hazard of an accumulation of oxygen, helium or argon before entering! • In the event of a release of larger quantities of liquid nitrogen or liquid helium in closed rooms, for example, in the event of a container break, immediately leave the room through the closest stairway or escape hatch! 38

Safely working in laboratories Directives for working in laboratories can be found in the DGUV Information 213 -850 “Safely working in laboratories”. The directives are available online in German or English under www. laborrichtlinien. de. 39

Demands of the DGUV information “Safely working in laboratories • If you are executing a test, you may only leave the laboratory space if permanent monitoring is not required or if a colleague who has been informed of the progress of the test can continue the monitoring. • Long-term tests may only be executed in specifically secured laboratories. • Chemicals that may emit poisonous, corrosive or flammable gases or dusts may only be handled in the extraction area and prepared in small quantities. They may not be transported with people in elevators 40

• Pipetting by mouth is prohited. Use pipetting aids. • The amount of hazardous substances provided at the workplace must be limited to the daily requirement. • For laboratories where larger quantities of flammable liquids are constantly needed, the storage in - glass containers with a volume of up to 5 l or - in plastic or metal containers with up to 10 l is permitted in safety cabinets. 41

PPE P S A (german) P P E ersonal protective equipment • individual • in accordance with hazard • replacement if defective • customized • hazardous substance spezific • maintenance • hygiene • observe usage time • inspection 42

Personal protective While staying in the chemical laboratory, protective goggles with side protection must be worn. During work that poses an increased hazard for the eyes, these must be replaced by completely closed glasses (complete goggles) or complemented by a face protective shield. Work that poses a hazard for the hands requires chemical-resistant or mechanically fixed protective gloves. Upon completion of the laboratory work, your hands must be washed thoroughly with water and cleaning agents soft on the skin. 43

Chemical protective gloves A difference is made between two types of chemical protective gloves: • simple protective gloves • wholesome protective gloves PPE and protective gloves must bear the CE sign and a four-digit number. The wholesome protective gloves protect against at least three of the twelve tested chemicals for at least 30 minutes (class 2). Under the Erlenmeyer pictogram, a letter specifies the chemicals that the glove has been tested against. The applicable inspection standard must be specified. 44

Chemical protective gloves Protective gloves with simple chemical protection can be recognized by the beaker in the pictogram. They offer “spray protection”- they are waterproof and can also provide protection against specific chemicals. The applicable inspection standard must be specified. Pay attention to the breakthrough time of the protective gloves. Latex gloves are not protective gloves, because they only protect against infections or aqueous solutions. Thin nitrile gloves serve as spray protection and must be changed after contact with hazardous substances 45

Work and protective clothing When handling hazardous substances, suitable work clothing must be worn at all times. For normal laboratory operations, this includes: • a sufficiently long lab coat with tight, long sleeves made of non-melting materials, like cotton or a blended fabric made of polyester and cotton. • Solid, closed and treaded shoes. Furthermore, the following rules apply: • The lab coat may not be worn in seminar rooms, libraries, lecture rooms, cafeterias, etc. • Changing from normal laboratory clothing into street clothing and the other way around must occur outside of the laboratory. • Clothing that is contaminated with chemicals must be replaced immediately. 46

Hygiene am Arbeitsplatz Do not smoke, eat or drink at the workplace. Do not store any food / drinks in the laboratory. . Do not bring any clothing and bags in the laboratory (locker!) 47

Skin protecting plan Oberserve the skin protecting plan: Protect, clean and care for your hands. Skin protecting plan and skin protecting aids can be obtained from the central administration. 48

Hazardous substance and waste disposal 49

Hazardous substance and waste disposal Hazardous substance storage of the CAU: Max-Eyth-Str. 12 Office hours: Tuesday 2: 00 PM to 2: 30 PM Friday 11: 00 AM to 11: 30 AM Questions about acceptance, transportation and handling Please contact Mr Dirk Bäcker Tel: 880 -5540 or 0451 87983 -19 Fax: 880 -5537 E-Mail: gefahrstofflager@uv. uni-kiel. de 50

Hazardous substance and waste In the business area of building management, department for work and operating safety, hazardous substance disposal can be obtained from: • Information • Directives for hazardous substance and waste disposal and • Forms for disposal. http: //www. abt 6. uv. uni-kiel. de/de/a-b-g/gefahrstoffentsorgung 51

Observe the following for the hazardous substance waste collection in the laboratory: • Keep the waste quantities as small as possible. • While executing tests, separate any rest material into - rest material suitable for recycling and - waste not suitable for recycling. • The aggregate state of the waste is a main criteria for substance separation: Solid substances should be collected and disposed of as such if possible. • Consider chemical intolerability. 52

• Different types of waste must be collected separately. • Pay attention to the typical types of waste in the chemical • laboratory. • If possible, the smallest quantities should be separated and not collected over a longer period of time. • Only collect types of waste that are created regularly. • Place the waste container so that it does not pose a • hazard. 53

Hasardous substance container Containers are only suitable as waste containers if they fulfill certain basic requirements: • Their material may not react with the laboratory waste collected within them. • They must handle the expected mechanical stress. • They must be able to be sealed so that they are liquid and gas tight. • They must be compatible with the university’s internal disposal logistics. • You should not use collective containers made of polyethylene for a longer period of time, because the material may age and become brittle. Check the PE containers regularly for integrity if you use them for a longer period of time! 54