INSTITUTO DE ASTROFÍSICA DE CANARIAS Canary Islands SPAIN

INSTITUTO DE ASTROFÍSICA DE CANARIAS Canary Islands, SPAIN “Hardware Developments for Fast Control Systems” OPTICON planning meeting UKATC, Edinburgh Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) ð Started on mid-80 s ð Configurable logic blocks ð 65 nm, 550 MHz ð Interface to many standards ð Hundreds of I/O ð Recently grown to big sizes Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

FPGA main features ð Parallelism ð Speed ð Low cost ð Flexibility ð Tiny size, low power consumption, low weight Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

FPGA vs µPs, DSPs, GPUs ð FPGAs helped conventional processors doing interfacing, glue logic, . . . ð FPGAs have grown to a level capable of accepting a microprocessor inside. . . ð Traditional approach is to manufacture big quantities of a general purpose microelectronics hardware, and write a (specific) program to solve the specific task ð Using FPGAs, we can get rid of any program and produce the hardware adequate for each task. Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

FPGA: Transversal key technology ð Adaptive optics ð Detector controllers ð Phasing control for segmented mirrors ð High time resolution astronomy ð Lossless data compression ð On-line data reduction ð… Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

IAC Example ð In-house technology development project ð Examine FPGA technology and evaluate its potential for AO ð Develop know-how to be used in future AO projects for astronomy and other fields ð L. F. Rodríguez Ramos et al. “FPGA adaptive optics system test bench”. Proc. SPIE 5903, 120128, 2005 ð J. G. Marichal-Hernández, L. F. Rodríguez-Ramos et al. “Atmospheric wavefront phase recovery using specialized hardware: GPUs and FPGAs”. Applied Optics 2005 Dec 10; 44(35): 7587 -94 ð L. F. Rodríguez Ramos et al. “Testing FPGAs for real-time control of adaptive optics in giant telescopes ”. Proc. SPIE 6272, 2006 Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

Project team ð People Luis F. Rodriguez Ramos PI & PM Teodora Viera Control Algorithm José V. Gigante Camera I/F, displays and centroid computation Fernando Gago Frame grabbing Guillermo Herrera DACs I/F Angel Alonso Optics Nicolas Descharmes Optics ð Budget 4000 man-hours (~2 man-yr) 25 K€ ($30 K) Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

Experimental setup TS L 1 MO ATM LS D 2 L 3 LA L 4 BS 2 50 /50 D 1 BS 1 SHC 5 0/50 D 3 NDF L 2 MMDM SC Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

Electronic system setup Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

Electronic system setup Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

FPGA occupancy example ð ð ð Image recomposing Centroid calculation Matrix computation Linearization PI control 1% 35% 3% 6% 2% ð Display ð Housekeeping 14% 9% ð TOTAL 70% Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

Results I Frame clock centroids correction frames, centroids and actuation Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Last two rows and actuation Technology Division

Results II Switching voltage pattern added to the first ring of actuators (7) 64 errors in X Servo OFF Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias 39 actuators Servo ON Technology Division

Joint development proposed ðAstronomy related building blocks ðPractical System prototype Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

Building blocks development ð Never start from scratch: Lots of commercially available IP Cores plus. . . ð Astronomy related building blocks, to be developed in a joint effort and made available to the community. ð Previous work needed in O Block identifying, O Common development methodology, O Agreeing interfaces O Synthesis software evaluation O … Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

Building block examples ð ð ð FFT (2 D and multi-D) Centroid computation Image correlation Gaussian fitting Sparse Matrix Floating point arithmetic Camera interface Inter-boards and intra-board communication Detector pre-processing (Flat, slope, cosmetics…) Lossless data compression Intersystem Synchronization. . . Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

ELT AO Prototype ð Massively parallel FPGA-only system capable of implementing all the aspects of the adaptive optics of a giant telescope, including multi-guide star atmospheric tomography ð ð ð ELT simulation optical bench Hardware Processing engine (subcontract) AO Algorithm reformulation AO Prototype simulation AO Prototype laboratory tests Telescope tests at OGS(1 m) + WHT(4, 2) + GTC(10 m) Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

Work breakdown and schedule Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

Cost idea ð Coordination: ð Man-power: ð Subcontracts: 20. 000 €/y 200. 000 €/y 50. 000 € ð TOTAL approx: 1. 2 M€ Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division

Thank you Luis F. Rodríguez-Ramos Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Technology Division