Institutional Analysis and MAS Amineh Ghorbani Delft University of Technology Challenge the future
Outline • Introduction • What are institutions? • What is institutional analysis? • The IAD framework • Common pool resource management • How we are using all this? • Current Work Titel van de presentatie 2
Institutions… Definitions…. • Definition used in AI: • An institution is any structure or mechanism of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set of individuals within a given human community. • Humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic and social interactions. • Institutionalized electronic organization • An institutional economic definition: • The set of rules actually used by a set of individuals to organize repetitive activities that produce outcomes affecting those individuals and potentially affecting others. Titel van de presentatie 3
Institutional Analysis • To (re)design institutions • We need to understand the system • Insitutional Analysis frameworks designed for this purpose. • Insitutional Analysis and Design framework (IAD) • Williamson’s four layer model Titel van de presentatie 4
Common Pool Resource (CPR) • A type of good consisting of a natural or human-made resource system (also commons) • Problem of congestion or overuse (misuse? ), subtractable. • Consists of • Stock variable (e. g. water, fish, air, internet, information…) • Flow variable (fringe unit, can be consumed) • CPR only exists if there are institutional arrangements, otherwise they are just open access resources. Titel van de presentatie 5
Common Pool Resource (CPR) & Institutions • Ostrom many common pool resources observations: • Contradict claims that CPR should be privatized or else face destruction. • Tragedy of the commons • Should forget about their own economical benefits • Almost every problem is formed around a common… Titel van de presentatie 6
Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD) Physical world Community Rules 1. Participants Action Arena 2. 1. Operational Rules 1. Position rules Positions 3. Actions Action 2. Boundary rules Patterns of 2. • Difference in • Collective Choice Physical and Material 4. Rules Situation Authority rules Potential interaction 3. preferences and inequal conditions outcomes 3. assets 4. Aggregation rules • Constitutional Functions that Mostly about resources Rules Size 5. 5. • Scope rules Accepted • Evaluation map actions 6. Information rulesinto outcomes Criteria behavior(culture) • Mobility Participants 7. • Payoff rules 6. Information The level of common • Availibility 7. understanding Cost and • … benefits Outcomes Resources, preferences, information and selection criteria Titel van de presentatie 7
ADICO Institutional Statements • This decomposition for • summarizing and analyzing institutional statements • distinguishing between the different types • understanding the formation and evolution of these statements. Titel van de presentatie 8
ADICO Institutional Statements 1. Attributes: positions, roles 2. Deontic Type: obligation, prohibition, permission 3. Aim (action) 4. Condition 5. Or else Students can use computers if they are registered in the university. Attribute deontic action condition Titel van de presentatie 9
ADICO Institutional Statements A student can take the X course if he has passed the exam for Y course Attribute deontic action condition or else he must register for the y course again. Or else Attribute deontic action Or else…… Titel van de presentatie 10
ADICO Institutional Statements Three different types of institutional statements: 1. Regulatory Rules A D I C O People younger than 18 are not allowed to buy cigarettes Rules or else they will be fined. Shared Strategies Norms Titel van de presentatie 11
ADICO Institutional Statements Three different types of institutional statements: 2. Shared Strategies A D I C O The person who places a phone call, calls back when the call gets disconnected. Shared Strategies Rules Norms Titel van de presentatie 12
ADICO Institutional Statements Three different types of institutional statements: 3. Norms A D I C O If you use a microwave, you must Attribute + condition Deontic Norms Clean up your own mess. Action Rules Shared Strategies Titel van de presentatie 13
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