Installation and Commissioning of the Soreq Applied Research

Installation and Commissioning of the Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility A. Nagler 1, D. Berkovits 1, Y. Buzaglo 1, I. Gertz 1, A. Grin 1, I. Mardor 1, L. Weissman 1, F. Kremer 2, K. Dunkel 2, C. Piel 2 1 Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel 2 Accel Instruments, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany 25/9/2007 WAO 2007 September 25 th, 2007

Topics of the Talk Brief overview of SARAF The specialty of SARAF The commissioning plan and its execution Summary and Conclusions 25/9/2007 2

SARAF Layout Parameter Ion Species Value Comment Protons/Deuterons M/q ≤ 2 Energy Range 5 – 40 Me. V Current Range 0. 04 – 2 m. A Operation 6000 hours/year Reliability Upgradeable to 4 m. A 90% Maintenance 25/9/2007 Hands-On Very low beam loss Nagler et el. , LINAC 2006 3

SARAF Phase I – Detailed Design (2006) Extracted from a 3 D model of SARAF developed under “Inventor 3 D” (CAD application) 25/9/2007 3 D model was crucial for: • The detailed design of infrastructure interfaces • Installation of all accelerator components 4

SARAF Phase I – As installed (2006) PSM is temporarily off the beam line to enable parallel commissioning 25/9/2007 5

The specialty of SARAF (1) 0. 04 - 2 m. A of protons and deuterons, CW, at energies 5 - 40 Me. V, with hands-on maintenance Flexible, independently phased design Very low beam loss required (1 n. A/meter) Beam dynamics calculations focused on beam loss 40 Me. V 31 25/9/2007 6

The specialty of SARAF (2) Prototype Superconducting Module (PSM) Novel design Superconducting acceleration starting at 1. 5 Me. V/u SC Linac based on Half Wave Resonators (HWR) Separation of vacuum between beam line and cryostat 4 -Rod RFQ with a heat flux of 60 k. W/m 25/9/2007 Beam Pekeler et el. , LINAC 2006 7

The Specialty of SARAF (3) Construction and Commissioning of a (Beyond-)State-of-the-Art accelerator within an international business collaboration Accelerator – Accel Instruments (Germany) Cryogenics – Linde Kryotechnik (Switzerland) Building and Infrastructure – U. Doron (Israel) Applications - Soreq Overall Integration – Soreq 25/9/2007 8

The Construction and Commissioning Group SARAF engineering group members - Soreq Electrical Engineer (Control Systems, Infrastructure, RF) Mechanical Engineer (Cryogenics, Vacuum) Physicist (Accelerator, Diagnostics, Beam lines) Industrial Engineer (Maintenance, Documentation) Safety Specialist (“online” safety, procedures for present and future) Two technicians (part time) Installation and commissioning teams from Accel Instruments and Linde-Kryotechnik Details in talk by I. Gertz tommorow 25/9/2007 9

Installation and Commissioning of Auxiliary systems Install as many auxiliary systems as possible (RF, Magnets power supplies, PLCs, Cryogenic Plant) in parallel and as soon as possible and commission with dummy loads RF and control racks as installed 25/9/2007 10

Installation of Cryogenic Plant r En Ac ce 25/9/2007 ler ato Se r. B uil din g rv ice gy er nte e C Linde TCF 50 Coldbox Be Co r am rid or Co rri do r 11

Installation and Commissioning of Personal Safety System (PSS) PSS Station at the Main Control Room Controlled entry to the accelerator area 25/9/2007 12

Installation and Commissioning of RFQ Install RFQ (most rigid component) and perform RF conditioning The RFQ as installed in beam corridor 25/9/2007 Control system application of RFQ-RF 13

Installation and Commissioning of Ion Source and LEBT Slits, Wires, Faraday Cup Commissioning performed with Diagnostics and Faraday Cup in LEBT 20(40) ke. V, 5 m. A p(d) 100(200) W Measure current, emittance and their stability using LEBT Low power enables CW commissioning Pulsed commissioning also needed for higher energy 25/9/2007 LEBT ECR Ion Source 14

Preliminary Commissioning results of Ion Source and LEBT Deuteron beam, 5 m. A, enorm, rms, 100% = 0. 15 Beam stability over 1 hour ± 2. 5% at 6. 3 m. A protons x-x’ contour plot y-y’ contour plot y’ [mrad] Beam current adjustment By variable aperture x [mm] y [mm] Beam Current [m. A] Emittance rms 100% beam [π mm mrad] Proton 5. 0 0. 20 Proton 2. 0 0. 18 Proton 0. 04 0. 14 Deuteron 25/9/2007 Ion 5. 0 0. 15 Kremer et el. , PAC 2007, ICIS 2007 15

First nuclear reactions at SARAF with deuterons (1) Even 40 ke. V deuterons generate nuclear reactions Ion Source In our case, beam deuterons interact with deuterons that are adsorbed in the graphite Faraday Cup d+D 3 He+n (En=2. 45 Me. V) At 5 m. A, neutron flux was measure to be ~1. 2× 107 n/sec, corresponding to ~68 mrem/hr Flux is about a factor of 7 less then original calculations which were the basis of the shielding design 25/9/2007 LEBT Faraday Cup Seforad 3 He neutron spectrometer Snoopy neutron monitor 16

First nuclear reactions at SARAF with deuterons (2) Neutron reaction inside detector: 3 He + n 3 H + p + Q(764 ke. V) Q Thermal neutrons FWHM=20 ke. V 2. 45 Me. V neutrons FWHM=85 ke. V 3/4 En elastic scattering on 3 He En elastic scattering on protons En+Q full peak 25/9/2007 Peak efficiency for 2. 45 Me. V neutrons is ~ 2. 5 10 -5 Full efficiency is ~ 1. 5 10 -3 (good agreement with Beimer NIM A 245 (1986) 402) 17

Installation and Commissioning of MEBT and D-Plate Install and commission MEBT and custom D-Plate (current, energy, transverse and longitudinal emittance, beam halo) 650 mm MEBT between RFQ (right) and D-Plate (left) including 3 quadrupoles, 3 sets of streerers, 2 sets of wire scanners, 2 BPM (phase probes) 25/9/2007 The SARAF Diagnostic Plate (D-Plate) Beam Piel et el. , PAC 2007 18

Protons Commissioning of RFQ using D-Plate and custom beam dump (1) 1. 5(3. 0) Me. V, 2 m. A p(d) 3(6) k. W Maximum beam on diagnostics – 200 W. High power requires pulsed beam Pulsing established by combining low DF Ion Source pulses with shifted high DF (99%) RFQ pulsing, in order to test RFQ rods at CW power 25/9/2007 Piel et el. , PAC 2007 19

Protons Commissioning of RFQ using D-Plate and custom beam dump (2) Beam Energy Measurement using TOF between 2 BPMs sum signals, 145 mm apart, E = 1. 504 ± 0. 012 Me. V 25/9/2007 X and Y transverse beam profiles as measured by wire scanners in D-Plate There is no effect of the RFQ power duty cycle on beam position or shape Piel et el. , PAC 2007 20

Protons Commissioning of RFQ using D-Plate and custom beam dump (3) Fast Faraday Cup (FFC) raw data of measured longitudinal beam profiles. The overall bandwidth is 6 GHz which allows measurement of bunch length s > 26 psec Measured longitudinal beam profile after averaging of up to 100 bunches of one macro-pulse and a Fourier correction. The FFC can be used in combination with a superconducting. cavity operated as a buncher for longitudinal emittance measurements. 25/9/2007 Piel et el. , PAC 2007 21

Installation of Prototype Superconducting Module (PSM) PSM interfaces Installation period RF Connections Helium pipes 25/9/2007 22

Integration of PSM and Cryogenic Plant Established the very stringent pressure stability requirement (1200. 0 ± 1. 5 mbar), which is needed for operating a high-Q superconducting cavities LHe Level LHe Pressure 25/9/2007 Linde Kryotechnik AG control system screen 23

Commissioning of the Control System Most applications are being developed and upgraded during commissioning and used mainly by experts Overview of the SARAF Main Control Room 25/9/2007 Main accelerator vacuum control screen 24

Further actions in commissioning plan Perform PSM RF conditioning and establish quality curves (Q vs. E) PSM beam commissioning using D-plate and custom beam dump 4 -5 Me. V, 2 m. A p/d 8 -10 k. W Main Control System operating screens for operators will be finalized at the end of commissioning Final Acceptance Test Beam Characterization, towards Phase II of SARAF 25/9/2007 25

Construction and Commissioning Time Table (1) Cryogenic plant and RFQ-RF (11/2005) Standard systems, custom designed for SARAF Installation + commissioning n ~6 months for each system - within schedule PSM RF and LLRF (4/2006) Special developments for SARAF, technology is well known Installation + commissioning n 25/9/2007 ~2 months - within schedule 26

Construction and Commissioning Time Table (2) Ion Source, LEBT, RFQ, MEBT, PSM, D-Plate (6/2006) Advanced technology, part of it beyond the existing state of the art Combined installation time of all components n 4 months - within schedule Planned commissioning time n 6 months Probable commissioning time n 25/9/2007 > 18 months 27

Reasons for delays in accelerator commissioning Ion Source Delays in achieving the required performance, especially for H 2+ (used for mimicking deuterons and enhancement of proton flux on targets) RFQ Several component failures RF conditioning much longer than expected Vacuum leaks Cryogenic plant Instabilities in control system Helium impurities 25/9/2007 28

Installation and Commissioning Documentation Installation and commissioning plans laid out very roughly. Detailed plans compiled on a monthly or weekly basis Acceptance of systems performed according to detailed protocols 25/9/2007 29

Summary Phase I of SARAF is now under commissioning Commissioning will end by mid 2008 Full operation should commence by 2012 The specialty of SARAF and its commissioning process were presented We hope to report on successful commissioning and operation in the next WAO’s 25/9/2007 30