Insert Picture Here Scalable Workflows for 3 D

<Insert Picture Here> Scalable Workflows for 3 D Data Management Jayant Sharma, Director, Product Management

Trends • Files to Databases • Integrated data management for ALL geospatial data types • SOA…Applications hosted as Service (Google Earth) • Massive new hardware and network capabilities • Automated Data Capture / Model Creation (sensors) • Pressure on AEC facility performance • better, cheaper, faster, and sustainable • 3 D and Indoor Location Based Services (LBS) • Mass Market: Consumer-focused systems

Technology Push: Sensor Driven 3 D Data, Imagery, Models • New point cloud sensor generating massive datasets • LIDAR (Airborne) • Laser Scanning (Terrestrial) • Point clouds provide quality 3 D models that are more cost effective and richer than traditional 2 D mapping approaches • COTs 3 D data products entering the marketplace • NAVTEQ, Tele Atlas • Use of 3 D models are becoming mainstream • Google Earth, MS Virtual Earth • Standards Emerging: • LAS: Point cloud format • City. GML: 3 D city scenes

Technology Pull: New Era of Geospatial Requirements Critical for Urban Planning, Emergency Response, Homeland Security, Maintenance, Engineering Open Standards approach to sharing of information and services between 3 D geospatial technologies Courtesy PB © Sony Corporation

Integrated 3 D Urban Simulation Building structure & design Mechanical, electrical, & plumbing detail GIS street and parcel information Underground utility data Realistic visualization Wa ter Courtesy Autodesk

Urban Planning, Public Safety, Public Communication

Building Information Modeling (BIM): From Design to Operations

<Insert Picture Here> Managing GIS & CAD Data Model Integration

Challenges • Incompatibilities between … • Geospatial • • • Outdoor Georeferenced 2 D and 2. 5 D Smaller scale Rich standards for Web Services • Rich Analytics • Database drive • AEC/CAD • • Indoor Local Coordinate System 3 D and 2 D Larger scale No standards for Web Services Rich Visualization File Driven

Requirements for 3 D City Scenes • Design (CAD) • Model Creation • Automated Scene Generation • Data Management (Geospatial) • 3 D types storage, indexing, query • Scalability, security, versioning • Visualization (CAD) • Rich 3 D Visualization • Communication & Collaboration • Spatial Query & Analysis (Geospatial) • 2 D & 3 D Spatial queries • Measurement, Navigation & Simulation

Solutions Now Require GIS/CAD Fusion • Urban planning • Economic development • Citizen participation • 3 D zoning • First responders • Emergency planning

Representing a 3 D World

3 D Functionality in Oracle Spatial 11 g Building Models, . . 3 D COORDINATE SYSTEMS Types Efficient • SDO_GEOMETRY (3 D) • SDO_TIN Surface Modeling Storage Query • SDO_POINT_CLOUD Analysis Scene, Object Modeling

SDO_GEOMETRY for 3 D Data Building surface (3 D surface type) Texture stored as image (GIF) Windows stored as 3 D polygons Ortho photo

• Link to texture coordinates can be indirect, via index Managing Texture Coordinates (With Indexing) SQL> desc moebius_texture_coords; Name Null? Type -----------------ID NOT NULL NUMBER TEXTURE_COORD_INDEX MDSYS. SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY TEXTURE_ID NUMBER SQL> desc moebius_textures; Name Null? -----------ID NOT NULL TEXTURE_COORDS Type --------------NUMBER BLOB MDSYS. SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY SQL> desc moebius_data; Name Null? -----------ID GEOMETRY COLOR TEXTURE_COORD_ID Type --------------NUMBER PUBLIC. SDO_GEOMETRY VARCHAR 2(8) NUMBER

Point Clouds: LIDAR • Large volumes of point data acquired by sensors • LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) • Seismic sensors • Millions of points used to model a scene • New data type introduced to efficiently manage this type of point data • TIN to create triangulation of such points

TINs: Triangulated Irregular Networks • Vector-based topological data model represents terrain/surface • Contain a network of irregularly spaced triangles • 3 D surface derived from irregularly spaced points • Each sample point has an x, y, z or surface value Node No X Y Z 1 5 6 3 2 3 6 5 3 1 5 6 4 4 5 6 5 3 6 2 2 2 . .

Relationship between Spatial Databases and 3 D Tools Sensor Tools 3 D Viewers, GIS & Portal Apps Web Data Li. DAR Files 3 D / Terrain Models

DBMS in a Production Workflow: Consolidated Platform for 3 D Scenes Data Collection LIDAR Surveys Photogrammetry Aerial Photos Satellite Imagery COTS Scenes CAD Designs CAD LIDAR Ortho. Photos Production Dissemination & Exploitation Model/Scene Generation 3 D Mapping Image Texture Wrapping Fly Through Versioning 3 D analysis Editing/Updates Engineering Design Quality Control Predictive Analysis Volumetric Analysis Navigation Systems

Exporting and Importing of 3 D Data LAS GML City. GML COLLADA Oracle Spatial DB Geo. Raster 2 D Data 3 D Data: Geometry, Point. Clouds, TINs Graphics data: Textures, Colors

3 D Queries • 3 D visibility queries • Volumetric analysis • Spatial and attribute queries

Query, Analysis on 3 D SDO_GEOMETRY • Given a 3 D Geometry as Query, Identify data geometries that • Intersect the Query (SDO_ANYINTERACT) • Within specified distance from Query (SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE) • Nearest to Query (SDO_NN) • Analysis Functions • • Relationship: Geometry-Geometry Intersection Length, Area, Volume Analysis Validation of 3 D Geometry: Is Solid ‘closed’ ? Extrusion of 2 -D Footprint to a 3 -D Solid by specifying heights Association of Textures with Label. Strings of Geometry Elements Extraction of Elements using Label. String of Geometry Conversion Functions to/from GML, to KML/Collada, from City. GML

3 D Coordinate Systems • Vertical Coordinate Systems: Essentially 1 -d coordinate system (w. r. t sea-level etc. ) • Geocentric: 3 -d Cartesian • Geographic-2 d, Projected-2 d: 2 -d Ellipsoidal • Geographic-3 d: 3 -d Ellipsoidal • Compound Coordinate System ØCombines • A Vertical Coordinate System with • Either Geographic-2 D or Projected-2 D Coordinate System üSupport transform between different 3 D Coordinate Systems

What do Spatial Databases Bring to 3 D? • Support for large seamless 3 D scenes: Terabytes of objects • Fusion of aerial imagery, close-range airborne and ground video/LIDAR with traditional 2 D vector models • Spatial analysis: conduct traditional GIS queries on 3 D scenes • Transactional Updates • Enterprise Integration: Integrate 3 D models with business information. • Versioning and Long Transaction Support: • Data security, access control, encryption, authentication • Open: Support by third party 3 D viz and analysis tools

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