Injuries to the Eye By: Mudezzer bin Haji Adnan Harith Khuzairee Bin Mazlan
What is Eye? Eyes are the organs of vision. They detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons. When you look at an object, the light from it enters your eye through the pupil. The iris changes the size of the pupil, depending on how bright the light is. The lens focuses the light onto the back of the eye.
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries. Physical or chemical injuries of the eye can be a serious threat to vision if not treated appropriately These types of injuries often occur in the workplace, at home, from other accidents, or while participating in sports.
Classification of Injuries Explanation Chemical exposures and burns • Many chemicals, such as soap, sunscreen, and even tear gas, are not usually cause permanent damage. However, acids and alkalis are highly caustic and may cause severe and permanent damage to the ocular surface Eyelid and eye cuts • An injury to the eyelid may be a sign of severe injury to the eye itself. Foreign object in the eye and corneal injuries • A foreign body in the eye may threaten vision if the object enters the eye itself or damages the cornea or lens. • Foreign bodies thrown at high speed by machining, grinding, or hammering metal have the highest risk of injuring the eye.
Sign and Symptomps It depends on the injury itself, but if any of these symptoms presents, an immediate medical action is required. • • • • Bleeding or other discharge from around the eye Bruising Decreased vision Double vision Eye pain Headache Itchy eyes Loss of vision, total or partial, one eye or both Pupils of unequal size Redness -- bloodshot appearance Sensation of something in the eye Sensitivity to light Stinging or burning in the eye
First Aid of Eye Injuries Treatment SMALL OBJECT ON THE EYE OR EYELID • • Tell the person not to rub the eye. Examine the eye in a well-lighted area. To find the object, have the person look up and down, then from side to side. If you cannot find the object, grasp the lower eyelid and gently pull down on it to look under the lower eyelid If the object is on an eyelid, try to gently flush it out with clean water. If that does not work, try touching a second cotton-tipped swab to the object to remove it. OBJECT STUCK OR EMBEDDED IN EYE • • Leave the object in place. Do not try to remove the object. Do not touch it or apply any pressure to it. Bandage both eyes. If the object is large, place a paper cup or cone over the injured eye and tape it in place. Cover the uninjured eye with gauze or a clean cloth. If the object is small, cover both eyes with a clean cloth or sterile dressing. Seek medical help immediately. CHEMICALS IN THE EYE • If you suspect chemicals have entered your eye, begin flushing it immediately with cool water and continue to do so for approximately 15 minutes. • Seek immediate medical attention • If possible, take the container of the offending substance with you so that you can tell your doctor what you have been exposed to. EYELID CUTS • Carefully wash the eye. Place a patch over the eye. If the cut is bleeding, apply gentle pressure with a clean, dry cloth until the bleeding stops. • Rinse with water, cover with a clean dressing, and place a cold compress on the dressing to reduce pain and swelling. • Seek medical help right away. Do not delay.
Consequences of improper action Victim may suffer blindness Medical officer might not be able to proceeds with the treatment to the victim The eye might get infected The person might need to undergo surgery
Eye Injury Due To Lithium Battery Explosion (Chemical Exposure) Foreign Object in eye
Eyelids Cut
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