Information technology Lecture 5 The Use of Computer

Information technology Lecture 5: The Use of Computer in Everyday Life (48 slides) Lecturer: Prof. Anatoly Sachenko

2 Lecture Overview Computer at Home Computers at Work Large-Scale Computer Application in Business Large-Scale Computer Application in Government Large-Scale Computer Application in Hospitals/Healthcare Computer Application in Education Teleworking Electronic World E-mail E-Commerce Distance Learning

3 Computer at Home Computer is widely used at home and can implement many functions: Computer which is equipped by the powerful graphical card can be used for video games Computer can play video on DVD in Dolby Digital or Digital Theatre Studio format and used as home cinema theater Digital photographic camera can be connected to computer, in such way user can download his photos to computer with subsequent its processing, storing, creating digital photo album, viewing, enhancement, etc. (continued on the next slide)

4 Computer at Home (continued) Digital video camera can be connected to computer, in such way user can download his video to computer with subsequent its processing, storing and viewing, create and edit video films by means of video editing software and after this deliver video to disk, the web or mobile device, etc. Home user can connect to the Internet and use it for communication via chat, instant messaging, blogs, e -mail, for information search and exchange, playing online games

5 Computer at Home - Intelligent House Intelligent house systems provide residential properties with intelligent buildings controls, entertainment and communication systems, and improved property management and security Many techniques used in building automation (such as light and climate control, control of doors and window shutters, security and surveillance systems, etc. ) Additional functions can include the control of multi-media home entertainment systems, automatic plant watering and pet feeding, automatic scenes for dinners and parties, and a more user-friendly control interface

6 Computer at Home - Intelligent House (examples)

7 Computer at Home - Intelligent House (continued) Intelligent house carries out the following tasks: HVAC - Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) solutions include temperature and humidity control Lighting control systems involves aspects related to controlling electric lights Extinguished general of all the lights of the house Automatization of switched off / ignition in every point of light Regulation of the illumination according to the level of ambient luminosity This category also typically includes control of exhaust and ceiling fans

8 Computer at Home - Intelligent House (continued) Natural lighting control involves controlling electric window shades and draperies Recent advances include use of RF technology to avoid wiring to switches and integration with third party home automation systems for centralized control Audio including audio switching and distribution Audio switching determines the selection of an audio source Audio distribution allows an audio source to be heard in one or more rooms

9 Computer at Home - Intelligent House (continued) Video - including video switching and distribution, allowing a video source to be viewed on multiple TVs Integration of the door entry system to the telephone, or of the video door entry system to the television set Intercoms - an intercom system allows communication via a microphone and loud speaker between multiple rooms Robotics - control of home robots, using if necessary demotic electric beacon Home robot communication (using Wi. Fi, Bluetooth) with the demotic network and other home robots

10 Computer at Home - Intelligent House (examples)

11 Computers at Work The computer impact on personal life and society is more and more shifting from interesting theoretical questions toward a cluster of intriguing practical issues Large-scale computer applications require rapid access to large amounts of data Computerized checkout system in a supermarket must track the entire product line of the market Airline reservation systems are used at many locations simultaneously to place passengers on numerous flights on different dates (continued on the next slide)

12 Computers at Work (continued) Library computers store millions of entries and access citations from hundreds of publications Transaction processing systems in banks and brokerage houses keep the accounts that generate international flows of capital World Wide Web search engines scan thousands of Web pages to produce quantitative responses to queries almost instantly Thousands of small businesses and organizations use databases to track

13 Large-Scale Computer Application in Business Electronic Business, or e-Business, may be defined broadly as any business process that relies on an automated information system This is mostly done with Web-based technologies Electronic business methods enable companies: To link their internal and external data processing systems more efficiently and flexibly To work more closely with suppliers and partners To better satisfy the needs and expectations of their customers

14 Large-Scale Computer Application in Business (continued)

15 Large-Scale Computer Application in Business (continued) Business administration system is the system, which consists of the performance or management of business operations by means of the computer technology Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the Internet An online shop, e-store, internet shop, webshop or online store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks -and-mortar retailer or in a shopping mall

16 Large-Scale Computer Application in Business – Online Banking Online banking (or Internet banking) is a term used for performing transactions, payments etc. over the Internet through a bank, credit union or building society's secure website It allows customers to do their banking outside of bank hours and from anywhere Internet access is available In most cases a web browser is utilized any normal Internet connection is suitable No special software or hardware is usually needed

17 Large-Scale Computer Application in Business - Online Banking Example

18 Large-Scale Computer Application in Business – Mobile Banking Mobile banking (M-Banking) is a term used for performing balance checks, account transactions, payments etc. via a mobile device such as a mobile phone Mobile banking today is most often performed via SMS or the Mobile Internet but can also use special programs downloaded to the mobile device

19 Large-Scale Computer Application in Business - Airline Booking System Airline booking system is the computerized system that would allow real-time access to flight details in all of its offices, to integrate and automate its booking and ticketing processes Airlines have divested most of their direct holdings to dedicated Global Distribution System companies, and many systems are now accessible to consumers through Internet gateways for hotel, rental cars, and other services as well as airline tickets Major systems: Amadeus, SABRE, Galileo by Travelport, Worldspan by Travelport

20 Large-Scale Computer Application in Business - Airline Booking System (example)

21 Large-Scale Computer Application in Government - Electronic Public Records System is the computer system, which operates with databases of public records, such ones can be census data, vehicle registrations The main advantage of this system is that it provides rapid access and search its records If it needs to make some data manipulation you just do query to database by the means of the system and it returns the result for you Such system is very useful for manipulation with large amount of data

22 Large-Scale Computer Application in Government – e-Voting Electronic voting (also known as e-voting) is a term encompassing several different types of voting, embracing both electronic means of casting a vote and electronic means of counting votes Electronic voting technology can include punch cards, optical scan voting systems and specialized voting kiosks It can also involve transmission of ballots and votes via telephones, private computer networks, or the Internet Electronic voting technology can speed the counting of ballots and can provide improved accessibility for disabled voters

23 Large-Scale Computer Application in Government – e-Voting example

24 Large-Scale Computer Application in Hospitals/Healthcare Electronic patient record is an electronic set of information about a single patient Electronic patient record system is the set of components that comprise the mechanism by which patient records are created, used, stored and retrieved in the electronically way Ambulance control system enables multiple controllers to track the availability of resources and to dispatch these in an appropriate manner to handle incoming calls

25 Large-Scale Computer Application in Healthcare – Ambulance Control System Goals of the Ambulance control system Implement a common call dispatch system for use at all appropriate venues Provide a continuous clear and unambiguous display of the status of key resources Ensure that calls are responded to using the most appropriate resources Track the history of all calls and resources Produce printed reports of all calls handled Enable reporting of response time statistics, etc Allow multiple controllers disparate views of the same data on networked systems Allow maintenance of a central database for long term historic records

26 Large-Scale Computer Application in Hospitals/Healthcare - Examples

27 Large-Scale Computer Application in Hospitals/Healthcare - Computer Equipment Computer equipment are widely used for diagnosing and preventive examination Computer tomography produces accurate layerwise images of viscuses Ultrasonic diagnostic is used for producing of images of viscuses and its condition examination with the using of effects of falling and reflected ultrasonic waves interaction Microcomputer technology of X-Ray examination produces digital X-Ray images with subsequent its processing, reproducing and archiving for comparison with other images of patient

28 Large-Scale Computer Application in Hospitals/Healthcare - Examples

29 Large-Scale Computer Application in Hospitals/Healthcare - Robotic Surgery Robotic surgery is the use of robots in performing surgery Major potential advantages of robotic surgery are precision and miniaturization Further advantages are articulation beyond normal manipulation and three-dimensional magnification Such equipment provides surgeons with all the clinical and technical capabilities of traditional open surgery while enabling them to operate through tiny incisions

30 Large-Scale Computer Application in Hospitals/Healthcare - Examples

31 Computer Application in Education Student registration system is an electronic system which process information about every student and put it into database for registering of students Such system reduced the time which is taken by student registration procedure Student timetabling system is a computer system for automated creation of the timetable The Internet contains a lot of information which can be founded by means of Web search engines, the student can use this ability to make their homework

32 Computer Application in Education – Computer-Based Training Computer-based training (CBT) services are where a student learns by executing special training programs on a computer relating to their occupation CBT is especially effective for training people to use computer applications because the CBT program can be integrated with the applications so that students can practice using the application as they learn Many PC applications now come with some modest form of CBT, often called a tutorial (continued on the next slide)

33 Computer Application in Education – Computer-Based Training (continued) The increase in PC computing power, and especially the growing prevalence of computers equipped with CD-ROMs, is making CBT a more viable option for corporations and individuals alike Web-based training (WBT) is a type of training that is similar to CBT It is delivered over the Internet using a web browser Web-based training frequently includes interactive methods, such as bulletin boards, chat rooms, instant messaging, videoconferencing, and discussion threads

34 Computer Application in Education – Distance Learning Distance learning, is a field of education that focuses on the technology, and instructional systems design that aim to deliver education to students who are not physically "on site" Teachers and students may communicate at times of their own choosing by exchanging printed or electronic media, or through technology that allows them to communicate in real time Distance learning courses that require a physical on-site presence for any reason including the taking of examinations is considered to be a hybrid or blended course or program

35 Computer Application in Education – Distance Learning (continued) Types of distance learning courses Correspondence conducted through regular mail Internet conducted either synchronously or asynchronously Telecourse/Broadcast where content is delivered via radio or television CD-ROM where the student interacts with computer content stored on a CD-ROM Pocket. PC/Mobile Learning where the student accesses course content stored on a mobile device or through a wireless server

36 Computer Application in Education – Distance Learning (examples)

37 Teleworking Telework, often referred to as telecommuting, occurs where paid workers work away from their normal place of work, usually from home Organizations that have the greatest success with telework tend to integrate telework so that it fits within their existing legal, financial, administrative, human resources Telework can save millions while helping to balance busy lifestyles, while reducing job related stress The direct effects of a telework programme are easy to calculate: employees save commuting time and effort; and, while the firm may incur additional information and communication costs, it can save on office costs and gain higher productivity

38 Teleworking (continued) Such virtual offices reduce overheads, reduce office space needs, increase productivity, and reduce staff turnover Long distance telework is facilitated by such tools as virtual private networks, videoconferencing, and Voice over IP But Teleworking have some disadvantages Employees are space separated and spend less time for dialog that are result in lack of human contact Lack of human contact reduced effectiveness of team coordination and management that are result in less emphasis on teamwork

39 Teleworking - Examples

40 Electronic World – e-Mail E-mail, short for electronic mail and often abbreviated to e-mail, email or simply mail, is a store and forward method of composing, sending, storing, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems The term e-mail applies both to the Internet e-mail system based on the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and to intranet systems allowing users within one organization to e-mail each other LAN based e-mail is also an emerging form of usage for business It not only allows the business user to download mail when offline It also provides the small business user to have multiple users email ID's with just one email connection

41 Electronic World – e-Mail (example)

42 Electronic World – e-Commerce Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or e. Commerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown dramatically since the wide introduction of the Internet A wide variety of commerce is conducted in this way, including things such as electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), automated inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems

43 Electronic World – e-Commerce (continued) Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well A small percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for "virtual" items such as access to premium content on a website The most electronic commerce eventually involves physical items and their transportation in at least some way E-commerce or electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business

44 Electronic World – e-Commerce (continued) Payment. Online shoppers commonly use their credit card for making payments, however some systems enable users to create accounts and pay by alternative means, such as: Debit card Various types of electronic money Cash on delivery Cheque Wire transfer/delivery on payment Postal money order Pay. Pal Google Checkout Reverse SMS billing to mobile phones Gift cards Direct Debit in some countries

45 Electronic World – e-Commerce (continued) Product delivery. Once a payment has been accepted the goods or services can be delivered in the following ways Download: This is the method often used for digital media products such as software, music, movies, or images Shipping: The product is shipped to the customer's address Drop shipping: The order is passed to the manufacturer or third-party distributor, who ships the item directly to the consumer, bypassing the retailer's physical location to save time, money, and space In-store pickup: The customer orders online, finds a local store using locator software and picks the product up at the closest store

46 Electronic World – e-Commerce (continued) Online stores must describe products for sale with text, photos, and multimedia files, whereas in a physical retail store, the actual product and the manufacturer's packaging will be available for direct inspection (which might involve a test drive, fitting, or other experimentation) One advantage of shopping online is being able to quickly seek out deals for items or services with many different vendors (though some local search engines do exist to help consumers locate products for sale in nearby stores). Search engines and online price comparison services can be used to look up sellers of a particular product or service

47 Electronic World – e-Commerce (continued) Privacy of personal information is a significant issue for some consumers Different legal jurisdictions have different laws concerning consumer privacy, and different levels of enforcement Many consumers wish to avoid spam and telemarketing which could result from supplying contact information to an online merchant In response, many merchants promise not to use consumer information for these purposes, or provide a mechanism to opt-out of such contacts

48 References European Computer Driven Licence, Syllabus version 4. 0, 2006. Lecture Notes. Fundamentals of Informatics (eversion) by Anatoly Sachenko - http: //www. roz 6. polsl. pl/asachenko/sutaa. html William Stallings. Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for Performance (6 th edition). Prentice Hall , 2002, 750 p. Tucker (Editor-in-Chief), R. Cupper, F. P. Deek, and R. Noonan (Editorial advisors), Computer Science Handbook, Second edition, CRC Press, 2004, 2752 p. J. Glenn Brookshear. Computer science an overview, Sixth edition, Addison Wesley, 2001, 688 p. Brookshear J. G. : Informatyka w ogólnym zarysie, Wydawnictwo WNT, Warszawa 2003.