Information Technology for Building Operations, Energy Efficiency and Demand Response June 9, 2009 Mary Ann Piette Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Demand Response Research Center http: //drrc. lbl. gov/
Open Automated Demand Response Communications Open. ADR Development Goals • Cost - Develop low-cost, automation infrastructure to improve DR capability in California • Technology - Evaluate “readiness” of buildings to receive signals • Capability - Evaluate capability of control strategies for current and future buildings Open. ADR Description • Signaling - Continuous, secure, reliable, 2 -way communication with listen and acknowledge signals • Industry Standards - Open, interoperable standard communications to integrate with both common EMCS and other end-use devices that can receive a relay or similar signals (such XML) • Timing of Notification - Day ahead and day of signals are provided to facilitate a diverse set of end-use strategies
Multi-Objective Optimization Energy -On/off mode/control -Weather/solar/wind -Occupancy/comfort/schedule -Equipment loads - Continuous diagnostics Operating Costs - Rate $/k. Wh, TOU, demand charges - Dynamic – critical, variable peak, RTP - DR program – shed frequency, duration - Maintenance and operations Emissions -Real-time CO 2/k. Wh (time of day) -Grid or on-site power -Energy source Demand Response/Grid - Loads to limit, shift, shed - Service level control capability - Service level requirements Duration, frequency of DR participation - Spinning reserve participation Energy (k. Wh) Conventional Variable Air Volume Ice/Chilled Water Storage VAV with Pre-Cooling Operating Costs ($) Emissions (CO 2) Demand Response ($/k. W)
Control System Testing Using Energy. Plus: Virtual Controls Testbed Control system tested using design simulation: • Real-time Energy. Plus with hardware interface • Control hardware from the building • Control program as implemented by controls contractor Virtual Building Real Control System A/D SPARK + Energy. Plus Hardware D/A Algorithms + Energy. Plus & SPARK • Pre-commissioning of controls before installation allowed programming problems to be identified and fixed before occupancy • Simulation can provide a quantitative link between design and operations
Building Systems Integration Opportunities • • • Underlying building information model Performance metrics and benchmarks Smart integrated design Efficient technologies Intelligent, adaptive controls for occupant and facility manager Smart, grid-responsive component and systems
System Integration and Value Heating Cooling Lighting $ Annual Cost Peak Cooling Load Lighting Design Strategy $ Initial Cost Office Eq. $ $ $ Chiller Size Onsite Power Energy, Generation Peak Electric Central Demand, Power Load Shape Generation $ $
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