INFLUENZA ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS INFLUENZA Influenza

INFLUENZA. ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS

INFLUENZA Influenza is an acute respiratory viral disease with air-drop mechanism of the transmission. It is characterized by acute onset, principal damage of the upper respiratory tract.

ETIOLOGY The influenza pathogen belongs to RNAviruses the family Orthomyxoviruses. n There are 2 types of the surface antigens above envelope of virus (aggression's factors): n Hemagglutinin (H) – polypeptide, hemolyses of erythrocytes; n Neurominidase (N) – glucoproteid, determines fermentative activity n

ETIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLGY n Mechanism of the transmission — air- drop n Route of the transmission – aerosol, dusty, contact n Natural susceptibility – high. n Geographical Distribution – in all countries. n Immunity – prolonged 1 -3 years

PATHOGENESIS Penetration of virus in the epithelial cells n Replication of virus in the cell n Destruction of the cells infected by virus n n n Catarrhal syndrome Virusemia, toxinemia Fever and intoxication n , allergy n Damage of the vessels hemorrhagic syndrome n n Immunodepression Secondary flora complications

PATHOGENESIS 1. 2. 3. SYNDROMES Catharal Intoxicative Hemorrhagic

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS n Acute onset of the diseases n Intoxicative syndrome (high temperature, headache (in frontal area), myalgia n Catharal syndrome (dry cough, pain in the thorax, difficult nasal respiration); n Edema of the face n Powerful hyperemia of stomathopharinx

COMPLICATIONS EARLY n Lung’s edema n Brain’s edema n Acute heart insufficiency n Meningitis n Arahnoiditis n Infectious-toxic shock LATELY n n n pneumonia Sinusitis Otitis Glomerulonephritis Insult and infarcts Acute attacks of chronic diseases

LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS GENERAL CLINICAL METHODS n SPECIFIC METHODS n virusological n Serological n. Methods of double serums n polymerase chain reaction n INSTRUMENTAL METHODS n

TREATMENT n n I. Ethiotropic therapy А) antiviral remedies n Blockators of М 2 -canals of virus grippe A (amantadine, remantadine); n Inhibitors of function neuraminidase of virus grippe А and В (oseltamivire, zanamivire); Б) Interferon’s preparations (IFN) n Human leycocytaric IFN n Recombinant IFN В) Inductors of endogenic IFN (amixin IC, arbidol)

TREATMENT II. Pathogenetic therapy n desintoxicative n Antigistamin’s n Polyvitamines n Febrifuge (not aspirin!!) n III Symptomatic therapy n Expectorate and anticough remedies n Nasal drops n

Antibiotics prescribe in next cases: Severe course of the disease (especially with brain’s damage) n Grippe in little children n Pregnant women; n Elderly patients; n Patients with chronic diseases n There are recommended macrolides, cephalosporines ІІІ и IV edition, ftorhonolones ( II edition and upper), protective penicillines. n

NONSPECIFIC PREVENTION n Hardening n Polyvitamines n Seasonal immunocoregic therapy (natural adaptogens, interferon’s remedies, inductors of interferons) n Emergency prevention (antiviral remedies interferon’s remedies)

SPECIFIC PREVENTION (VACCINATION) I SOLIDVIRIONS (contains solid viruses) II SPLITING VACCINES (contains all viral proteins) n n vaxigrippe (France); fluarix (Belgium), III SUBUNITS (contains only surface virus antigens). n n influvac (Nederland) grippol (Russia).

PARAINFLUENZA Parainfluenza — anthroponosic acute viral disease with damage of the upper part respiratory tract and moderately severe syndrome of intoxication n The are laryngitis and tracheitis in climax period of the disease n Remedies of specific therapy and prevention is not created n

PARAINFLUENZA FALSE CROUPE IN A CHILD WITH PARAINFLUENZA

ADENOVIRAL INFECTION n Adenoviral infection — anthroponosic acute viral disease with damage of the respiratory tract and lymphoid tissue. n Etiology agent – DNA contained virus. Adenoviruses (all serotypes) are steady in environment

ADENOVIRAL INFECTION n n n Clinical forms: n Acute respiratory disease; n Pneumonia; n Pharingoconjuinctival fever. n Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. n Hemorrhagic cystitis. n Gastroenteritis. n Damage of the nervous system There are not remedy of specific therapy Vaccine for prevention of adenoviral infection is created

RESPIRATORY SINCYTIAL INFECTION n n n Respiratory-syncytial infection — anthroponosic acute viral disease with damage of the low part respiratory tract and moderately severe syndrome of intoxication Children ill more frequently as adult Bronchitis with bronchoobstruction, tracheobronhitis are typical for this infection The course of the disease is prolonged (10 -30 days). Respiratory-syncytial infection is a reason of suddenly death syndrome and asthmatic sindrome in children There are not remedies of specific treatment and prevention.

CORONAVIRAL INFECTION Coronaviral infection — anthroponosic acute viral disease with damage of the respiratory tract or and gastrointestinal tract.

"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome" (SARS).

ENTEROVIRAL INFECTION Enteroviral infection — acute disease with polymorphic clinical manifestations. n Etiology agent — RNA – contained viruses рода Enterovirus family Picornaviridae. n 64 enteroviruses pathogenic for human (23 types viruses Coxaci А, 6 types Coxaci В, 31 types viruses ECHO and 4 enteroviruses types 68 -71.

ENTEROVIRAL INFECTION n Reservoirs and sourse of infection – sick human or carriers n Mechanism of transmission — fecal-oral, airdrop; n Natural susceptibility – high. n Geographical Distribution – in all countries. n Immunity – typospecific

ENTEROVIRAL INFECTION Typical forms: n Herpetic angina; n Epidemic myalgia; n Serous meningitis; n Exanthema n n n n n Atypical forms: Inanapparant form; little disease (summer grippe); Respiratory form; Encephalitic form; Encephalomyocarditis of newborn Epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivits nephritis; pancreatitis; Mixed infection